Intervention in Latin America by Cuba, Condemned Cuba for its repeated acts of aggression specifically Venezuela.
and intervention in Venezuela, and persistent intervention in Bolivia and other American States; requested States not members of the OAS to restrict commercial and financial operations, sea and air transport with Cuba; requested govern- ments which support Afro-Asian-Latin American People's Solidarity Conference (AALAPSO) with- draw support; recommended that OAS member states apply OAS recommendations concerning prevention of Cuban propaganda, funds and arms, travel to and from Cuba, intensification of coastal and border vigilance to prevent movement of sub- versive elements from Cuba, and apply restrictions to ships which traffick with Cuba; recommended that OAS member states affected by Cuban inter- vention bring such cases to attention of competent United Nations organ.
2. Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, 1939-1972-Continued
OAS Council, acting provisionally as Organ of Con- sultation (beginning July 14, 1969) established 7-member Committee of the Organ of Consultation to make on spot study of situation between El Salvador and Honduras and its causes, and sub- sequently to perform vigilance and supervisory functions relating to OAS directives; ordered im- mediate suspension of hostilities and withdrawal of troops from respective territories of 2 nations; called for guarantees of safety and property of nationals of both countries residing in territory of other; instituted emergency relief measures for displaced persons; resolved, inasmuch as Salva- doran troops had not been withdrawn from Hon- duran territory, to convene 13th Meeting of Con- sultation of Foreign Ministers (beginning July 26, 1969).
13th Meeting of Consultation ordered immediate compliance with previous directives of OAS Council; recommended action aimed at solution of migra- tion, population and development problems of 2 nations involved. Following cessation of hostilities, made recommendations to 2 governments con- cerning: free transit of goods between them, restoration of diplomatic and consular relations, settlement of outstanding boundary questions, ac- tion to improve Central American Common Market structure and operations (in concert with other Market members), submission of claims and differ- ences in dispute to OAS procedures for peaceful settlement or arbitration under American Treaty of Pacific Settlement, protection of human rights and families of immigrants.
Urged parties to avoid aggravation of their differences and to employ negotiations in their dispute arising out of contrasting claims to fishing rights off the Ecuadorean coast; urged all OAS members to abstain from employing any measure which might affect national sovereignty of another State.
3. Formal Peacekeeping Activities, 1948-1972
[Formal peacekeeping activities of the Organization of American States through Inter-American Peace Committee and Rio Treaty]
Dominican Republic-Cuba Situation. Nicaraguan-Costa Rican Situation. Haiti-Dominican Republic Situation.
General Caribbean Situation.
Cuba-Dominican Republic Situation.
Haiti-Dominican Republic Situation.
Cuba-Dominican Republic Situation.
Colombia-Peru Situation..
acts of aggression. Dominican Republic accused Haiti of conspiring against the Dominican Republic government.
Cuba alleged that 5 Cuban sailors on a Guate- malan vessel were seized and imprisoned by the Dominican Republic.
Nov. 18, 1953 Jan. 21, 1954 Colombia called attention to the dispute over presence of Raul Haya de la Torre, a Peruvian, in Colombian Embassy in Lima.
Guatemala requested Committee meet to consider acts violating her sovereignty. Withdrew request, renewed it on June 26.
June 26, 1954 July 2, 1954 10 states signed note requesting Organ of Con
June 19, 1954 June 30, 1954
sultation be convoked to study situation in Guatemala; convoked and to meet July 7. Costa Rica accused Nicaragua of harboring groups plotting invasion of Costa Rica.
Ecuador alleged an attack by Peru was imminent.
Feb. 27, 1956 Apr. 20, 1956 Cuba requested Committee meet to study cer- tain difficulties existing between it and the Dominican Republic.
Honduras alleged Nicaraguan military forces crossed the boundary line established by an arbitral award in 1906.
Panama claimed it had been invaded by foreign elements sailing from Cuba.
June 2, 1959 July 28, 1959 Nicaragua claimed it had been invaded by a group entering from Costa Rica.
Apr. 27, 1959 June 18, 1959
OAS Council recommended all governments sign Panama, Cuba. Havana Convention of 1928 and its Protocol of 1957. Information Committee gathered facts in Central America; Council recommended observance of nonintervention.
Dominican Republic withdrew its request on July 10. Yet Foreign Ministers convened at Santiago to study general Caribbean situation in August 1959.
(Matter now being studied by IA Peace Com- mittee operating under ad hoc power granted at Santiago.)
The Committee concluded from its study that arrangements for the flight, as well as the loading of the leaflets in Ciudad Trujillo, could not have been carried out without the connivance of the Dominican Government. Committee offered its good offices but its efforts were unsuccessful because of the failure of the Dominican Government to cooperate.
Nicaragua, Costa Rica.
Dominican Republic, Cuba, Venezuela.
Venezuela,
Dominican Republic.
See footnotes at end of table.
Charges by country initiating action or reasons for requesting action
Venezuela requested an investigation of viola- tions of human rights in the Dominican Republic, which were aggravating tensions in the Caribbean. Venezuela requested the Organ of Consultation be convoked under Article 6 of the Rio Treaty, to "consider the acts of intervention and aggression" of the Dominican Republic against Venezuela that "culminated in the attempt upon the life of the Venezuelan Chief of State" on June 24, 1960, and to "take appropriate measures to defend the sover- eignty of Venezuela and maintain the peace and security of the Americas."
Nicaragua requested that decision of Inter- national Court of Justice be carried out rela- tive to border dispute with Honduras. Mexico requested that charges that anti- Guatemalan forces active in Mexico be inves- tigated.
Peru requested the Organ of Consultation be convoked under Article 6 of the Rio Treaty and that the COAS, acting provisionally as Organ of Consultation, appoint a committee to study such matters as the subversive activi- ties of the Cuban Government and its viola- tion of human rights.
Peru brought charges against the Cuban Government for certain illegal acts in Peru.
Committee concluded in its report of June 6, 1960, that international tensions had been aggravated by the Dominican Republic's violations of human rights.
6th Meeting of Foreign Ministers, San José, Costa Rica (August 1960), condemned Domini- can participation in acts of aggression and intervention against Venezuela; provided, under Article 8 of the Rio Treaty, for the breaking of diplomatic relations by all mem- ber states of the OAS and immediate suspen- sion of trade with the Dominican Republic in arms and implements of war; and authorized the COAS by a two-thirds affirmative vote, to discontinue the above measures whenever the Dominican Government should cease to constitute a danger to the peace and security of the hemisphere. On Jan. 6, 1961, the COAS recommended the extension of the suspension of trade to petroleum, petroleum products, trucks, and spare parts for trucks.
Mixed commission of Honduras-Nicaragua offi- cials (with Chairman of IAPC serving as Chair- man) complied with Court decision.
IAPC asked Guatemala for more information, Mexico, Guatemala. but Guatemala dropped charges.
On Oct. 25, 1961, the COAS voted 19 votes to 1 Peru, Cuba. (Guatemala), with Cuba abstaining, to refer the Peruvian proposal to the General Commit- tee of the OAS for its advice on the appropriate procedure for handling this proposal.
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