der the merciless claws of bands of usurers; and thus leaving them blasted by a tyranny which they manifestly expected to be perpetual. Horrible as this view of their conduct and motives is, no man that reads the following treaties can have any other view of that conduct and of those motives.

GENERAL TREATY WITH FRANCE.

The Allied Powers having by their exertions, and the triumph of their arns, preserved France and Europe from the convulsions with which they were threatened by the late enterprise of Napoleon Buonaparte, and by the revolutionary system introduced into France for its support; as they now participate with his most Christian Majesty in the wish, by the inviolable maintenance of royal dignity, and by restoring the validity of the Constitutional Charter, to confirm the order happily re-established in France, and to bring back between France and its neighbours those relations founded upon reciprocal confidence and good-will, which the mournful consequences of the revolution and system of conquest had so long interrupted; and as they are convinced that their last object cannot be attained, except by an arrangement calculated to give them just indemnity for the past, and solid security for the future-They have therefore, in common with his Majesty the King of France, deliberated on the means of bringing about such an arrangement; and as they have convinced themselves that the indemnities due to the Powers cannot consist wholly either in cessions of territory or in pecuniary payments, without greatly injuring the essential interests of France in one way or the other, and that it is better so to unite them as to avoid both disadvantages; their Imperial and Royal Majesties have therefore taken this as the basis of the present negotiations, and have also agreed upon it as a basis, that it is necessary, during a certain time, to keep the frontier provinces of France occupied by a certain number of the Allied troops; and have agreed to unite in a definitive

treaty the several dispositions founded upon these bases. In this view, and to this end, His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Hanover, for himself and his Allies on one side, and his Majesty the King of France and Navarre on the other side, have appointed for their Plenipotentiaries to discuss, agree on, and sign the Definitive Treaty.-(Here are the names of the ministers.) Their full power having been exchanged and found in due order, have signed the following articles :

Art. I. The frontiers of France remain as they were in 1700, with the exception of the reciprocal modifications in this Article:

1. In the North the frontier line remains as it was fixed in the treaty of Paris, till opposite Quevorain, thence it goes along the ancient frontiers of the Belgic provinces, of the former Bishoprick of Leige, and of the Duchy of Bouillon, as they were in 1790, so that the territories of Marienburgh and Philippeville, with the fortresses of the same name, and the whole Duchy of Bouillon, remain without the French frontiers. From Villars, by Orval, on the frontiers of the department of the Ardennes, and the Duchy of Luxemburg, as far as Berle, on the road leading from Thionville to Treves, the frontier line remains as it was fixed in the Treaty of Paris From Perle it goes over Launsdorf, Wallnich, Schardorf, Nuderweiling, Pelleweller, which places, with their banlieurs, all remain to France; to Honore and along the old frontiers of the district of Saarbruck, so that Saarlouis and the course of the Saar, with the places on the right of the abovementioned line, with their banlieurs, will come without the French frontiers. From the frontiers of the district of Saarbruck the frontier line shall be the same which now separates the departments of the Lower Rhine from Germany, as far as to the boundary, to its junction with the Rhine, the whole of the territory lying on the left bank of the Lanta, including the fortresses of Landau, shall belong to Germany. The town of Wiessemberg, however, which is intersected by this river, remains wholly to France, with a rayon on the left bank; this rayon must not exceed 1000 toises, and will be more particularly determined by the Commissioners who will hereafter be appointed to regulate the frontiers.

2. From the mouth of the Lanta along the departments of the Lower Rhine, the Upper Rhine, the Doubs, and the Sarat as far the Canton of Vaud, the frontiers remain as they are fixed in the Treaty of Paris. The Thalweg of the Rhine shall be the line of separation between France and the German states, but the property of the island as it will be determined in consequence of a new examination of the course of that river, sball remain unchanged, whatever alterations the course of the river may in process of time undergo. Com missioners shall be appointed within three months by the High Contracting Powers, on both sides, in order to make the said examination. The half of the bridge between Stras burgh and Kehl shall belong to France, and the other half to the Grand Duchy of Baden.

3. To restore a direct communication between the Canton of Geneva and Switzerland, that part of the territory of Gex which is bounded on the east by the Lake of Geneva, on the south by the territory of the Canton of Geneva, on the north by the Canton of Vaud, and on the west by the course of the Versoix, and a line which comprehends the Communes of Collex, Bosoy, and Megreis, but leaves the Commune of Fer ney to France, is ceded to the Swiss confederation, and united with the Canton of Geneva.

4. From the frontier of the Canton of Geneva to the Me diterranean, the frontier line is the same as that which, in 1798, separated France from Savoy and the county of Nice. The relations which the treaty of 1814 had re-established between France and the Principality of Monaco shall for ever cease, and the same relations take place between that Princi pality and the kingdom of Sardinia.

5. All territories and districts included within the frontier of France, as fixed by the present Article, remain united to France.

6. The Contracting Powers shall appoint, within three months after the signature of the present Treaty, Commis sioners to regulate every thing respecting the fixing of the frontiers on both sides, and as soon as those Commissioners have finished their labours, maps shall be made, and frontier posts set up, to mark the respective boundaries.

Art. II. The fortresses and territories which, by the pre

ceding article, are no longer to belong to the French territory; will be given up to the Allied Powers, in the period specified in the Military Convention, annexed to the 9th Article of the present Treaty; and his Majesty the King of France renounces for ever, for himself, his heirs and successors, the right of sovereignty and property which he hitherto exer eised over the said fortresses and territories.

Art. III. As the fortifications of Huninguen have always been a ground of uneasiness to the City of Basle, the High Contracting Powers, to give to Switzerland a fresh proof of their care and good-will, have agreed among themselves to have the fortifications of Huninguen razed, and the French Government engages, for the same reasons, never to repair them, and not to erect any other fortifications within three leagues of the City of Basle.

The neutrality of Switzerland shall be extended to that piece of territory which lies north of a line to be drawn from Ugine, that place included, on the south of the Lake of Annecy, over La Verge (in the Bremen Gazette, La Verye), to Lecherroine, and from thence to the Lake of Bourget and the Rhone, in the same manner as is fixed by the 22nd Article of the final Act of the Congress of Vienna, in respect to the province of Chablais and Fancigny.

The troops, therefore, which the King of Sardinia may have in these provinces, whenever the Powers adjacent to Switzerland are in a state of open hostility, or are on the eve of such a state, shall retire, and may for that purpose take, in case of need, the way over the Vallois; but no armed troops of any other Power can pass through, or be stationed in, the above provinces, except such as Switzerland thinks fit to send thi ther; but this state of things must not hinder the adminis tration of these countries, as the civil officers of the King of Sardinia may employ the Municipal Guard for the mainte nance of good order.

Art. IV. That part of the indemnity to be given by France to the Allied Powers, which consists in money, is fixed to the sum of 700 millions of francs. The manner, the periods, and the securities of the payment of this sum, shall be regulated by a separate Convention, which shall be equally valid and

binding as if they were inserted word for word in the present treaty.

Art. V. As the state of confusion and fermentation which France necessarily feels after so many violent convulsions, and particularly after the late catastrophe, notwithstanding the paternal intentions of the King, and the advantages which all classes of the subjects necessarily derive from the Constitutional Charter, makes some measures of precaution and temporary guarantee necessary for the security of the neighbouring States, it has been considered as absolutely requisite to occupy, for a fixed time, positions along the frontiers of France, by a corps of Allied troops, under the express reservation that this occupation shall not infringe on the sovereignty of his most Christian Majesty, nor on the state of possession, as fixed by this Treaty; the number of troops shall not exceed 150,000: The Commander-in-Chief is named by the Allied Powers. This army will occupy Conde, Valenciennes, Bouchain, Cambray, Quesnoy, Maubeuge, Landrecies, Avesnes, Rocroy, Givet, with Charlemont, Mezieres, Montmedy, Thionville, Longwy, Bitsch, and the Tete de Pont of Fort Louis. As France is to provide for the maintenance of this army, every thing relative to this object shall be regulated in a separate Convention. In this Convention, which shall be as valid as if inserted word for word in this Treaty, the relations shall be fixed between the occupying army and the civil and military authorities of the country. This military occupation cannot last above five years, and may end before that period. The Allied Sovereigns, after an expiration of three years, and after they have first, in agreement with the King of France, maturely weighed the situation and mutual interest as well as the progress which the re-establishment of order and peace may have made in France, have recognised in common that the motives which induced this measure no longer exist. But, whatever may be the result of this deliverance, all the places and positions occupied by the Allied troops will, at the expiration of five years, be evacuated without further delay, and given up to his most Christian Majesty, or his heirs and successors.

Art. VI. All the other foreign troops, not belonging to the