deemed necessary for the maintenance of the stipulations contained in the Articles I. and II. of the present Act. Art. VI. To facilitate and to secure the execution of the present Treaty, and to consolidate the connexions which at the present moment so closely unite the Four Sovereigns for the happiness of the world, the High Contracting Parties have agreed to renew their meetings at fixed periods, either under the immediate auspices of the Sovereigns themselves, or by their respective Ministers, for the purpose of consulting upon their common interests, and for the consideration of the measures which at each of those periods shall be considered the most salutary for the repose and prosperity of nations, and for the maintenance of the peace of Europe. Art. VII. The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ra*fications shall be exchanged within two months, or sooner, if possible. In faith of which the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed it, and fixed thereunto the seals of their arms. Done at Paris, the 20th of November, A.D. 1815. (L.S.) WESSEnberg. NOTE. Similar Treaties were signed on the same day by the Plenipotentiaries of his Majesty, with those of the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia, respectively. COPY OF A NOTE ADDRESSED BY THE MINISTERS OF THE FOUR UNITED COURTS, TO THE DUKE OF RICHELIEU, ON THE 20TH OF NOVEMBER. The undersigned, Ministers of the United Cabinets, have the honour to communicate to his Excellency the Duke of Richelieu, the new Treaty of Alliance which they have signed in the name and by the order of their august Sovereigns. A Treaty, the object of which is to give to the prin ciples consecrated by the Treaties of Chaumont and Vienna, the application most analogous to present circumstances, and to connect the destiny of France with the common interests of Europe. The Allied Cabinets regard the stability of the order of things, happily re-established in that country, as one of the essential bases of a solid and durable tranquillity. To that object their united efforts have constantly been directed; and their sincere desire to maintain and consolidate the result of those efforts has dictated all the stipulations of the new Treaty. His most Christian Majesty will in that act recognise the solicitude with which they have concerted the measures most proper for removing whatever might hereafter compromise the internal repose of France, and prepared remedies against the dangers with which the Royal Autho rity, the foundation of public order, might yet be menaced. The principles and intentions of the Allied Sovereigns are in this respect invariable. Of this, the engagements which they have now contracted, furnish the most unequivocal proof; but the lively interest they take in the satisfaction of his most Christian Majesty, as well as in the tranquillity and prosperity of his kingdom, induces them to hope that the occurrences provided against in these engagements will never be realized. The Allied Cabinets perceive the first guarantee of this hope in the enlightened principles, magnanimous sentiments, and personal virtues of his most Christian Majesty. His Majesty has recognised with them, that in a state which has, during the quarter of a century, been torn by revolutionary movements, it does not belong to force alone to re-produce calm in the minds, confidence in the hearts, and equilibrium in the different parts of the social body; and that wis dom must be joined with vigour, and moderation with firmness, in order to operate these happy changes. Far from fearing that his most Christian Majesty will ever lend an ea to imprudent or passionate counsels tending to nourish discontents, renew alarm, reanimate hatred and divisions, the Allied Cabinets are completely assured by the equally wise and génerous dispositions which the King has announced in all the epochs of his reign, and particularly at that of his return, after the late criminal usurpation. They know that his Majesty will oppose to all the enemies of the public welfare and tranquillity of his kingdom, under whatever form they may present themselves, his attachment to the constitutional laws promulgated under his own auspices; his will decidedly prỏnounced, to be the father of all his subjects, without any dis tinction of class or religion; to efface even the recollection of the evils which they have suffered, and to preserve of past times only the good which Providence has caused to arise, even amidst public calamities. It is only thus that the wishes formed by the Allied Cabinets, for the preservation of the constitutional authority of his most Christian Majesty, for the happiness of his country, and for the maintenance of the peace of the world, can be crowned with a complete success, and that France, re-established on her ancient bases, can resume the place to which she is called in the European system. The undersigned have the honour to reiterate to his Excellency the Duke of Richelieu their high consideration. (Signed) METTERNICH. Paris, Nov. 20. CASTLEREAGH. HARDENBERG. 251. Having read these treaties; having thus taken a view of the workings of tyranny; having seen this mass of odious insincerity, and of every thing monstrous in man; having seen the English boroughmongers at the bottom of all this, and had the full means of estimating all their villanous motives; having thus seen, and thus estimated, can we, who live in 1833, refrain from rejoicing at the humiliation which we have seen them endure since these transactions; can we refrain from enjoying their present troubles; can we refrain from being delighted at the dangers which now surround them; can we refrain from hugging ourselves in the security which we derive from their alarms; can we refrain from anticipating with inexpressible pleasure their future difficulties, embarrassments, uncertainties, trepidations, and their probable fate; all arising from their having acted in the hypocritical, cruel, ra pacious, and cowardly manner, depicted in these transactions? But, thus viewed in the gross, and only in one great official piece of information, we do not yet see their conduct in its true and most striking light. There are frequently little spots; spots little, when considered with regard to the whole surface, which are better calculated to give us a clear idea of the character and spirit of the parties to a transaction, than we can derive from a view of the whole of the picture all taken together. There were of this description many particular spots or points in these transactions, which might be noticed with great advantage to the mind of the reader. I shall content myself with two of these; namely, FIRST, the putting to death of Marshal NEY (who had been created by NAPOLEON a Marshal and Prince of the MOSKWA, who had joined NAPOLEON upon his landing from ELBA, and who was one of the Generals commanding the army in PARIS, when the Allies arrived, WELLINGTON being the General-in-Chief); and, SECOND, the stripping of the galleries and museums. These are two transactions which mark, in very striking colours, the character of the government during the regency and reign of this King, George the Fourth; and, therefore, they are worthy of our particular attention. 252. Lous accused all those of rebellion and 7 treason who had been conspicuous in joining NAPOLEON on his return; but, soon after his return to PARIS, the Bourbon published an amnesty, reserving a few persons for condign punishment. Amongst these few was this Marshal NEY, who had risen to his high rank from very humble life, but who had seen, during his battles, kings and princes and nobles fleeing before him, like sheep before a dog. It was now the time for the high-blooded to avenge themselves; they had this man in a prison, and his blood, shed by the executioner, was to wipe out the disgrace which his skill and his valour had inflicted upon them. In the field they had not dared look him in the face; but having him surrounded with jailers and executioners, they became bold, and screwed up their nerves to the battle. The safety of his life had been secured, as he thought, and as all the rest of mankind thought, by the convention, in virtue of which, PARIS was surrendered to the Allies; but he and the rest of mankind were mistaken; by a courtmartial they condemned him to death, and to death they put him; and it is now my duty to lay the case before the people of England, that they may pass their judgment on the conduct of the parties concerning this deed. 253. First, however, we must have the Ordinance, as it was called, of this Bourbon King, which was in the following words: |