ton, his executors, administrators, and affigns, fhall and lawfully may have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage, from time to time, coming, growing, accruing, and arifing, by reafon of the faid invention, for and during the term of years herein mentioned; to have, hold, exercife, and enjoy the faid licence, powers, privileges, and advantages herein before granted, or mentioned to be granted, unto the faid Samuel Sutton, his executors, administrators, and affigns, for and during, and unto the full end and term of fourteen years, from the date of these presents, next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, according to the ftatute in fuch cafe made and provided. And to the end that he the faid Samuel Sutton, his executors, administrators, and affigns, and every of them, may have and enjoy the full benefit, and the fole ufe and exercise of the faid invention herein before declared; We do by these presents, for us, our heirs and fucceffours, require, and strictly command all and every perfon, and perfons, bodies politic and corporate, and all other our fubjects whatsoever, of what eftate, quality, degree, name, or condition foever they be, within that faid part of our kingdom of Great Britain, called England, our dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick upon Tweed, and our colonies and plantations in America aforefaid, that neither they, nor any of them, during the continuance of the faid term of fourteen years hereby granted, either directly or indirectly, do make, use, or put in practice the said invention, or any part of the fame fo attained unto by the faid Samuel Sutton as aforefaid, nor in any wife counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the fame, nor fhall make, VOL. II.

I i

or

or caufe to be made, any addition thereunto, or fubtraction from the fame, whereby to pretend himself, or themselves the inventor or inventors, devifor or devifors thereof, without the licence, confent, or agreement of the faid Samuel Sutton, his executors, administrators, or affigns, in writing under his or their hands and feals, firft had and obtained in that behalf, upon fuch pains and penalties as can or may be juftly inflicted on fuch offenders, for their contempt of this our royal command; and further, to be anfwerable to the faid Samuel Sutton, his exécutors, administrators, and affigns, according to law, for his and their damages thereby occafioned. And moreover we do by these prefents, for us, our heirs and fucceffours, will and command all and fingular the juftices of the peace, mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs, conftables, headboroughs, and all other officers, and minifters whatsoever of us, our heirs and fucceffours, for the time being, that they or any of them do not, nor fhall at any time hereafter, during the faid term hereby granted, in any wife moleft, trouble, or hinder the faid Samuel Sutton, his executors, administrators, or affigns, or any of them, or his, or their deputy, fervants, or agents, in or about the due and lawful ufe or exercife of the aforefaid invention, or any thing relating thereto.

And lastly, We do by these prefents, for us, our heirs and fucceffours, grant unto the faid Samuel Sutton, his executors, adminiftrators, and affigns, that thefe our letters patent, or the inrolment or exemplification thereof, fhall be in and by all things good, firm, valid, fufficient, and effectual in the law, according to the true intent and meaning thereof, and shall

be

be taken, construed, and adjudged, in the most favourable and beneficial fenfe, for the beft advantage of the faid Samuel Sutton, his executors, adminiftrators, and affigns, as well in all our courts of record as elsewhere, and by all and fingular the officers and minifters whatsoever of us, our heirs and fucceffours, in that part of our faid kingdom of Great Britain called England, or dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick upon Tweed, and our colonies and plantations in America aforefaid, and amongst all and every the fubjects of us, our heirs and fucceffours, whatfoever and wherefoever, notwithstanding the not full and certain defcribing the nature or quality of the faid invention, or of the materials thereto conducing and belonging. In witnefs whereof, We have caufed these our letters to be made patent. Witnefs ourself at Westminster, the fixteenth day of March, in the feventeenth year of our reign.

A DISCOURSE on the SCURVY.

THE feurvy is a name given to fo many disorders of the body seemingly of a different kind, that it may justly be faid to be a manifold and complicated difeafe. The chief fymptoms of it however are clearly defcribed by feveral authors, which are fuch as thefe: the gums rot firft; then the skin is defaced with livid and black fpots; ulcers enfue, efpecially in the fwelled legs; and thefe are with difficulty, if ever, cured. In the laft ftage of the diftemper, even the bones become carious.

It is therefore very plain, that this malady is a kind of corruption of the blood, and the whole mass of the bodily humours. This, when the caufe is fong continued, increases to a degree of putrefaction. All writers are agreed in their opinion, that it is a northern difeafe; imputing it to the cold and moist air of thofe climates, together with the use of stagnating and faltish waters, and the unwholefome food of hard, dried, and falted meats. They therefore obferve, that it rages most, even to be in a manner univerfal, among the inhabitants of the Baltic fea, in Finland, Norway, Denmark, and the places adjacent to the Germanic ocean. And indeed not only the new Latin name, scorbutus, but our English one too, is plainly made from the Saxon Schorbock, or schorbuck, denoting a griping or tearing of the belly *.

This is the fame diftemper, which Pliny, from the ulcers in the mouth and legs, calls by the name of

*Vid. Eugalen. de fcorbuto, & in primis Sennert. lib. iii. part. v.

Потасаве,

ftomacace, or rather fomocace), and fceletyrbe; afcribing it to the drinking of bad waters; and for which, he fays, the herba Britannica, which is our hydrolapathum, or water-dock, was found to be a remedy

*

But long before this, Hippocrates himself took notice of this difeafe, as a diftemper of the fpleen, proceeding very much from cold, raw, and turbid

waters.

Such is this diftemper at land. At fea, in long voyages, it is much more violent ; fo far, that many are of opinion, that upon the two elements it is a malady of a different kind. But it plainly appears from comparing what has been faid of that at land, with what I am going to mention of the fame at fea, that the difference is only in the degree of malignity.

The hiftory of the progrefs of this cruel enemy is fo judiciously and exactly related in Lord Anfon's voyage round the world ‡, when he came into the South fea, where his men were in a moft terrible manner afflicted with it, that I cannot give a more lively description of it, than by taking out of this most entertaining and inftructive book the most material circumstances which occurred in its feveral ftages. This I am the better enabled to do, because being incited by the extraordinary events to make a full inquiry into this whole affair, I have not only had the honour of difcourfing with his Lordfhip upon it, but have also been favoured with the original obfervations of his two ingenious and skilful furgeons ||, from which I

*Nat. hiftor. lib. xxv. § vi. + De internis affection. § xxxiv. & de aërib. aquis, & locis, § x. Pag. 100. &c. Mr Ettrick and Mr Allen.

have