FISHGUARD. FISHGUARD (Pembroke). On 22 Feb. 1797, 1400 Frenchmen landed in Cardigan Bay. On the 24 Feb. they surrendered to lord Cawdor with the Castlemartin yeomanry, and some countrymen, armed with scythes and pitchforks, near Fishguard. FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM (Cambridge), founded by Richard viscount Fitzwilliam, who died in 1816, and bequeathed his collection of books, pictures, &c., to the university, with 100,000l. to erect a building to contain them. The building was begun by G. Basevi in 1837, and finished by Cockerell some years after. FLAGEOLET, a musical instrument said to have been invented by Juvigny, about 1581; double flageolet patented by Wm. Bainbridge, 1803; improved 1809 and 1819. FLAMBEAUX, FEAST OF, see Argos. FLAMMOCK'S REBELLION, see Rebellions, 1497. FLANDERS, the principal part of ancient Belgium, which was conquered by Julius Cæsar, 51 B.C. It became part of the kingdom of France, A.D. 843, and was governed by counts subject to the king, from 862 till 1369, the first being Baldwin, FIUME (meaning river), the port of the king- Bras de Fer, who is said to have introduced the dom of Hungary, on the Adriatic: a very ancient cloth manufacture. In 1204, Baldwin IX. became town, built on the supposed site of Tersatica, de- emperor at Constantinople. In 1369, Philip duke of stroyed by Charlemagne about 799, and afterwards Burgundy married Margaret, the heiress of count known as Vitopolis, Cività Sancti Viti ad Flumen, Louis II. After this, Flanders was subjected sucand finally Fiume. After being successively sub-cessively to Burgundy (1384), Austria (1477), and jected to the Greeks, Romans, the eastern emperors, Spain (1555). In 1580 it declared its independence, and the pope, it was transferred to the house of but afterwards returned to its allegiance to the house Austria. It was captured by the French early in of Austria. In 1713 it was included in the empire the century, from whom it was taken by the Eng- of Germany. France obtained a part of Flanders lish in 1813, and given to Austria in 1814. It was by treaty in 1659 and 1679. See Burgundy, Nethertransferred to Hungary in 1822; to the Croats in lands, and Belgium. 1848; restored to Hungary in 1868. A new port and railways have been recently constructed (1877). FIVE FORKS, near Richmond, Virginia. Here general Sheridan turned the front of the Confederates, and defeated them after a fierce struggle, I April, 1865. FIVE HUNDRED, COUNCIL OF, established by the new French constitution, 22 Aug. 1795, was unceremoniously dissolved by Napoleon Bonaparte, 10 Nov. 1799. FIVE MILE ACT, 17 Chas. II. c. 2 (Oct. 1665), forbade Nonconformist teachers who refused to take the non-resistance oath, to come within five miles of any corporation where they had preached since the act of oblivion (unless they were travelling), under the penalty of 40l. They were relieved by Will. III. in 1689. FLADENHEIM, or FLATCHEIM, Saxony. Here Rodolph of Swabia defeated the emperor Henry IV., 27 Jan. 1080. FLAG. The flag acquired its present form in the 6th century, in Spain; it was previously small and square. Ashe. It is said to have been introduced there by the Saracens, before whose time the ensigns of war were extended on cross pieces of wood; see Carrocium. The honour-of-the-flag salute at sea was exacted by England from very early times; but it was formally yielded by the Dutch in 1673, at which period they had been defeated in many actions. Louis XIV. obliged the Spaniards to lower their flag to the French, 1680. Hénault. After an engagement of three hours between Tourville and the Spanish admiral Papachin, the latter yielded by firing a salute of nine guns to the French flag, 2 June, 1688. Idem; see Salute at Sea, and Union Jack. The comte de Chambord definitively declined to give up the white flag for the tricolor (see France), 5 July, 1871 and 27 Oct. 1873. FLAGELLANTS, at Perouse, about 1268, during a plague, they maintained there was no remission of sins without flagellation, and publicly lashed themselves. Clement VI. declared them heretics in 1349: and 90 of them and their leader, Conrad Schmidt, were burnt, 1414. In 1574, Henry III. of France became a Hagellant for a short time. FLANNEL, see Woollen. FLATBUSH, BATTLE OF, see Long Island. FLATTERY, CAPE (W. coast of North America), so named by captain Cook, because at a distance it had the deceptive appearance of a harbour, 1778. FLAVIAN CESARS, the Roman emperors Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian, 66-96. FLAX. The manufacture in Egypt in very early times was carried thence to Tyre about 588 Britain. It was ordered to be grown in England, by B.C., and to Gaul about I B.C.; and thus reached statute, 24 Hen. VIII. 1533. For many ages the core was separated from the flax, the bark of the plant, by the hand. A mallet was next used; but the old methods of breaking and scutching the flax yielded to a water-mill which was invented in Scotland about 1750; see Hemp. The duty imposed on imported flax, 1842, was repealed 1845. In 1851 chevalier Claussen patented a method of "cottoning" flax. FLAYERS, see Ecorcheurs. FLEECE, see Golden Fleece. FLEET PRISON, MARKET, &c. (London), were built over the small river Fleta, now used as a common sewer. In the reign of Henry VII. this river is said to have been navigable to Holbornbridge. FLEET PRISON was founded in the first year of Richard I., and was allotted for debtors, 1640; and persons were committed here who had incurred the displeasure of the Star-Chamber, and for contempt of the court of Chancery. It was burnt during the Gordon riots, 7 June, 1780, and rebuilt 1781-2. It was pulled down in 1845 (and the debtors removed to the Queen's Bench prison). The site was sold to the London, Dover, and Chatham railway company for 60,000l. on 2 June, 1864. Last vestige removed Feb. 1868 FLEET-MARKET, originally formed in 1737, was removed, and the site named Farringdon-street in 1829. A new (Farringdon) market was opened 20 Nov. 1829. The granite obelisk in Fleet-street, to the memory of alderman Waithman was erected 25 June, 1833 FLEET MARRIAGES. Between the 19th of October, 1704, and 12 Feb. 1705, there were celebrated 295 marriages in the Fleet without licence or certifi 328 FLEUR-DE-LIS, the emblem of France, said to have been brought from heaven by an angel to Clovis, he having made a vow that if he proved victorious in a pending battle with the Alemanni near Cologne, he would embrace Christianity, 496. It was the national emblem till the revolution in 1789, when the tricolor (white, red, and blue) was adopted. The comte de Chambord declared his adherence to the old national flag, 5 July, 1871 and 27 Oct. 1873. FLEURUS (Belgium), the site of several battles. Between the Catholic league under Gonzales de Cordova, and the Protestant union (indecisive) 30 Aug. 1622 The prince of Waldeck defeated by marshal Luxemburg • 1 July, 1690 The allies under the prince of Coburg, defeated by the French revolutionary army commanded by Jourdan, who was enabled to form a junction with the armies of the Moselle, the Ardennes, and the north. (The French used a balloon to reconnoitre the enemy's army, which, it is said, contributed to their success) 26 June, 1794 Here Napoleon defeated Blucher at the battle of Ligny (which sec) . 16 June, 1815 FLIES. An extraordinary fall of these insects in London covered the clothes of passengers, 1707. Chamberlain. In the United States of America the Hessian fly, so called from the notion of its having been brought there by the Hessian troops in the service of England in the War of Independence, ravaged the wheat in 1777. Before and during the severe attack of cholera at Newcastle in Sept. 1853, the air was infested with small flies. FLINTS, see Man. FLORENCE. FLORAL HALL, adjoining Covent-garden theatre, is a large conservatory, 220 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 55 feet high, erected from designs by Mr. E. M. Barry, and was opened with the volunteers' ball, 7 March, 1860. It was used as a flowermarket, 22 May-Aug. 1861. Here was held the West London industrial exhibition, 1 May to 2 Aug. 1865. FLORALIA, annual games at Rome in honour of Flora, instituted about 752, but not celebrated with regularity till about 174 B.C. FLORENCE (Florentia), capital of Tuscany (which see), and from 1864 to 1870, of Italy, is said to have been founded by the soldiers of Sylla (80 B.C.), and enlarged by the Roman triumviri. In its palaces, universities, academies, churches, and libraries, are to be found the rarest works of sculpture and painting in the world. The Florentine academy and Academia della Crusca (established 1582) were instituted to enrich literature and improve the language of Tuscany; the latter was so named, because it rejects like bran all words not purely Tuscan both are now united under the former name. The brick duomo, begun by Arnulfo, 1294; dedicated by pope Eugenius IV., 1436; was completed by Bruncleshichi, 1447; the façade was cased with marble by the Italian government and uncovered Destroyed by Totila Rebuilt by Charlemagne Becomes an independent republic Arti or guilds established. Dante born here Factions of the Bianchi and Neri. FLOATING BATTERIES, see Batteries, Death of Lorenzo de' Medici and Gibraltar, 1781. Dec. 1883 about 541 about 800 about 1198 14 May, 1265 1266 1300 Cosmo de' about 1420 8 April, 1492 23 May, 1498 Savonarola strangled and burnt governor. Cosmo de' Medici created grand-duke of Tuscany; makes Florence his capital: see Tuscany Revolution at Florence FLODDEN FIELD (Northumberland). The site of a battle on 9 Sept. 1513, between the English and Scots; in consequence of James IV. of Scotland having taken part with Louis XII. of France against Henry VIII. of England. James, many of his nobles, and upwards of 10,000 of his army, were slain; while the English, who were commanded by Florence decreed the capital of Italy till the acqui - 1530 1569 7 April, 1860 27 April, 1859 Annexation to Sardinia voted by people, 11, 12 March; the king enters Florence. The king opens the exhibition of the industrial products of Italy 15 Sept. 1861 FLORES. FLORES, or Isle of Flowers (one of the Azores, which see), discovered by Vanderberg in 1439; and settled by the Portuguese in 1448. FLORIDA, a peninsula, one of the southern states of North America, first discovered by Sebastian Cabot in 1497. It was visited by Juan Ponce de Leon, the Spanish navigator, April 4, 1512, in a voyage he had undertaken to discover a fountain whose waters had the property of restoring youth to the aged who tasted them! Florida was conquered by the Spaniards under Ferdinand de Soto in 1539; but the settlement was not fully established until 1565. It was plundered by sir Francis Drake in 1585; and by Davis, a buccaneer, in 1665. It was invaded by the British in 1702; and again by gen. Oglethorpe in 1740; ceded to the British crown in 1763: taken by the Spaniards in 1781; and guaranteed to them in 1783. The Americans purchase Louisiana from the French The Spaniards compelled to cede all Florida to the Florida admitted as a state 1801 24 Oct. 1820 Seceded from the Union, Dec. 1860; readmitted (see United States) 1865 A ship caual proposed; company organized May 1883 After long neglect, this beautiful and fertile wilderness warmly taken up by British and American capitalists .1883-4 FLORIN, a coin first made by the Florentines. A florin was issued by Edward III. which was current in England at the value of 6s. in 1337. Camden. This English coin was called floren after the Florentine coin, because the latter was of the best gold. Ashe. The florin of Germany is in value 28. 4. that of Spain, 4s. 41d.; that of Palermo and Sicily, 28. 6d.; that of Holland, 28. Ayliffe. Silver florins (value 28.) were issued in England in 1849. FLOWERS. Many of our present common flowers were introduced into England from the reign of Henry VII. to that of Elizabeth (14851603). The art of preserving flowers in sand was discovered in 1633. A mode of preserving them from the effects of frost in winter, and hastening their vegetation in summer, was invented in America, by Geo. Morris, in 1792. A very great number have been introduced from America, Australia, the Cape, &c., during the present century. London Flower-girl Brigade formed by baroness autumn 1880 Fox-glove, Canaries Honeyflower, great, Cape. Judas tree, S. Europe, before Laurel, Alexandrian, Portugal, before Lily, gigantic, N. South Wales Magnolia (see Magnolia), N. America. Magnolia, laurel-leaved, N. America Milk-wort, giant-flowered, Cape Carolina Petunia, S. America Rose, China, China Rose, damask, S. Europe, about. Rose, the Provence, Flanders Rose, sweet-scented guelder, from China Rose, tube, from Java and Ceylon Rose without thorns, N. America, before Rosemary, S. Europe Sage, African, Cape Sage, Mexican, Mexico St. Peter's wort, N. America Sassafras, N. America, before Savin, S. Europe, before 1596 Snowdrop, Carolina 1774 Sorrel-tree, N. America, before 1640 1665 1548 1811 1567 Sweet-bay, S. of Europe, before Tamarisk plant, Germany Tea tree, China, about Tooth-ache tree, from Carolina, before Trumpet-flower, N. America 1696 Trumpet-flower, Cape 1690 Tulip, Vienna 1567 Verbena, S. America 1818 Victoria Regia, Guiana • 1570 Virginian creeper, N. America . 1596 Virgin's bower, Japan 1790 Wax-tree, China . 1779 Weeping willow, Levant, before 1816 Winter-berry, Virginia. . 1791 Youlan, China 1789 FLUORESCENCE. When the invisible 1803 chemical rays of the blue end of the solar spectrum are sent through uranium glass or solutions of quinine, horse-chestnut bark, or stramonium datura, they become luminous. This phenomenon was termed "fluorescence" by its discoverer, professor 1781 1793 1714 FLUORINE. Stokes, in 1852. By means of fluorescence Drs. Bence Jones and Dupré detected the presence of quinoidine in animal tissues; see Calorescence. FLUORINE, a gaseous element, obtained from fluor spar; first collected over mercury by Priestley; Its property of corroding all vessels is so great that it is separated with great difficulty. It was named by Ampère in 1810. Its chemical history was further elucidated by Davy (1809), Berzelius (1824), and succeeding chemists. The corroding property of fluoric acid was employed in the arts in 1760, by Schwankhard of Nuremberg. Gmelin. FLUSHING, a seaport of the Netherlands, on the isle of Walcheren. For the siege, see Walcheren Expedition. It was fortified by Napoleon I., but the works were finally dismantled in 1867. The port improved, and new dock opened by the king of Holland, 8 Sept. 1873. FLUTE. The transverse flute, incorrectly termed the "German" instead of the Swiss flute, was known to the ancients. It was described by Michael Pretorius, of Wolfenbuttel, in 1620, and by Mersenne of Paris, in 1636. It was much improved by the French in the 17th century, by Quantz, Tacet, Florio, Potter, Miller, Nicholson, and others in the 18th. In the present century also the Nicholsons, Boehm of Munich, Godfrey of Paris, Carter, Rockstro, and Rudall and Rose of London, have greatly contributed to the perfection of this instrument. See Flageolet. FLUXIONS, a branch of the higher mathematics, invented by Newton, 1665, similar to the differential calculus described by Leibnitz, 1684. A fierce controversy ensued as to the priority of the discovery. The finest applications of the calculus are by Newton, Euler, La Grange, and La Place. The first elementary work on fluxions in England is a tract of twenty-two pages in A New Short Treatise of Algebra, together with a Specimen of the Nature and Algorithm of Fluxions, by John Harris, M.A. London, 1702. Mr. H. C. Linfield tried his steam flying machine on the FŎ, RELIGION OF, the form of Buddhism (which see) existing in China. FOG. In 1862 much attention was paid to the subject of fog signals by the Royal commission on Lighthouses, &c. The use of bells, steam-trumpets, a battery of whistles blown by steam, the transmission of sound through water, the siren, &c., were considered. A fog horn blown by steam is in use at Dungeness lighthouse (1869). For Dr. Tyndall's experiments, see Acoustics. Continued fogginess in London, Nov. 1879, to Feb. 1880, caused much mortality; very bad on 25 Dec. 1879. Fatal fogs, Dec. 1881, Jan. 1882. Mr. De Cordova's fog signals announced, March, 1883Prof. Holmes' siren fog horn tried in the Zuyder Zee, reported successful, Sept. 1883. Capt. Barker's marine safety signal code for merchant vessels; he indicates directions for sailing by combinations of short and long blasts of a fog horn, 1879-1884. FOIX (S. France), a county established 1050, and united with Bearn, 1290. About 1494 Catherine de Foix, the heiress, married Jean d'Albret, whose descendant, Henry IV., as king of France, united Foix to the monarchy, 1589. FOLK LORE, a general name given by Mr. WJ. Thoms, in 1846, to popular legends, fairy tales, local traditions, old outdying customs, superstitions, and similar matters. The formation of the Folk-lore society was proposed by Mr. W. J. Thoms in "Notes and Queries," I Dec. 1877; established in 1878. FONT. Formerly the baptistery was a small place partitioned off in a church, within which a large font was placed, where the persons to be were submerged. Previously, lakes and rivers were resorted to for baptised (frequently adults) immersion. Fonts are said to have been set up in churches in the sixth century. FONTAINEBLEAU, near the Seine, France. The royal palace, founded by Robert le Pieux about 999, enlarged and adorned by successive kings, was completed by Louis Philippe, 1837-40. Foutainebleau was entered by the Austrians, 17 Feb. 1814bade farewell to his army, 20 April, 1814. Here Napoleon resigned his dignity, 4 April, and Peace between France, Denmark, &c. Treaty between Germany and Holland Treaty between Napoleon and Spain The decree of Fontainebleau for the destruction of British merchandise issued 19 Oct. 1810 2 Sept. 1670 8 Nov. 1785 . 27 Oct. 1807 25 Jan. 1813 FLYING, ARTIFICIAL. In Greek mythology, Daedalus is said to have attached wings of wax to the body of his son Icarus, who, neglecting the advice of his father, flew so high that the sun melted his wings, and he fell into the Icarian sea. Archytas is said to have made a flying dove, about 400 B.C. Friar Bacon maintained the possibility of the art of flying, and predicted it would be a general practice, 1273. Bishop Wilkins says (1651), it will yet be as usual to hear a man call for his wings when he is going on a journey, as it is now to hear him call for his boots! Borelli (about 1670) showed the futility of these speculations. About Concordat between Napoleon and pope Pius VII. 1800 sir George Cayley experimented on the subject, and in 1843 Mr. Henson invented a flying machine; but nothing has been devised capable of serving a practical purpose. The motion of birds in relation to aeronautics was much discussed by scientific men in 1867-8. At a meeting of the Aeronautical society, 26 March, 1868, it was stated that a member had actually, by his muscular force, aided by apparatus, risen from the ground and flown horizontally. Dr. James Pettigrew published his elaborate researches on flying, 1867-71. M. Von Groof, a Belgian, "the flying-man," descended from a balloon by means of a parachute resembling wings, in 1874: but was killed by falling through failure of his apparatus at Chelsea, 9 July. Mr. Simmonds tried his flying-machine (combining an umbrella and kite), at Chatham, and failed: it carried sand bags about 100 feet high; and fell, 15 Dec. It failed again 23 Dec. 1875. FONTENAILLE, or Fontenay (Fontanetu), a village in Burgundy. Near here Charles the Bald and Louis the German totally defeated their brother the emperor Lothaire I. 25 June, 841. This victory, termed "the judgment of God," conduced to the formation of the French monarchy. FONTENOY, near Tournay, in Belgium, the site of an obstinate sanguinary battle on 30 April (11 May, N.S.), 1745, between the French, commanded by marshal Saxe, and the English, Hanoverians, Dutch, and Austrians, commanded by the duke of Cumberland. The king Louis XV. and the dauphin were present. The success of the British at the commencement is still quoted as an illustration of the extraordinary power of a column; and the advance of the Austrians during several hours at Marengo (14.June, 1800) was compared to it by FONTHILL ABBEY. Bonaparte. The allies lost 12,000 men, and the French nearly an equal number; but the allies were compelled to retire. Marshal Saxe (ill of the disorder of which he afterwards died) was carried about to all the posts in a litter, assuring his troops that the day would be their own. FONTHILL ABBEY, Wiltshire, founded in 1796, the mansion of William Beckford, author of Vathek," and son of Alderman Beckford. He died 2 May, 1844. Within this edifice (which alone cost 273,000l.) were collected costly articles of vertù and art, and the rarest works of the old masters. The sale of the abbey and its contents to Mr. Farquhar took place in 1822; 7200 catalogues at a guinea each were sold in a few days. On 21 Dec. 1825, the lofty tower fell, and in consequence the remaining buildings were sold. FOOD, see Provisions. A Food Journal published 1870; continued several years. Sale of Food and Drugs Act passed 11 Aug. 1875. Dr. Arthur Hill Hassall's "Food and its Adulterations" published 1854, and since. International food exhibition at Agricultural Hall, Islington, 13-20 Oct. 1880. National food reform society, advocates abstinence from animal food, 1883. FOOLS, FESTIVALS OF, were held at Paris on the 1st of January, when, we are told, all sorts of absurdities were committed, from 1198 to 1438. Fools or licensed jesters were kept at court in England up to the time of Charles I. 1625. The "order of Fools' founded by Adolphus, count of Cleves, for philanthropic purposes, 1381, existed in 1520. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE, see Cattle. FORBES MACKENZIE'S ACT (16 & 17 Vict. c. 67) "for the better regulation of publichouses in Scotland," passed in 1853. It permits grocers to sell spirits, &c., as usual, but forbids drinking on the premises, which is to be confined to places duly licensed. Much dram-drinking previously took place in grocers' shops. FORCE, see Conservation, and Correlation. FOREIGN CATTLE MARKET. The city of London having been required to provide this market before I Jan. 1872, by the Contagious Diseases Act (for Animals), 1869, the Common Council, 7 Nov. 1870, agreed to the expenditure of 160,000l. for the purpose. The site chosen, Deptford dockyard, was much opposed. The requisite alterations were made by Mr. Horace Jones, and the market was formally opened by the lord mayor, 28 Dec. 1871; for use on i Jan. 1872. FOREIGN ENLISTMENT ACT, 59 Geo. III. c. 69 (1819), forbids British subjects to enter the service of a foreign state, without licence from the king or privy council, and prohibits the fitting out or equipping ships for any foreign power to be employed against any power with which our government is at peace; see Trials, 1862, 1863. In 1606, Englishmen were forbidden to enter foreign service, without taking an oath not to be reconciled to the pope. The act was suspended in 1835 on behalf of the British Legion (which see). The act passed 9 Aug. 1870, relates to illegal enlisting, shipbuilding, and expeditions, FOREIGNERS, see Alien and Law. FOREIGNJURISDICTION ACTS, passed in 1843, 1865, and 1866, were extended and amended by 41 & 42 Vict. c. 67, passed 16 Aug. 1878. FOREIGN LEGION. Foreigners have frequently been employed as auxiliaries in the pay of the British government; see Hessians. An act (18 & 19 Vict. c. 2) for the formation of a foreign legion as a contingent in the Russian war (1855), was passed 23 Dec. 1854. The queen and prince Albert reviewed 3500 soldiers, principally Swiss and Germans, at Shorncliffe, 9 Aug. 1855. On the peace in 1856, many were sent to the Cape of Good Hope; but not prospering, returned. FOREIGN LOANS, see Loans. FOREIGN OFFICE was established at the re-arrangement of the duties of secretaries of state in 1782. It has the exclusive charge of British interests and subjects in foreign countries. The secretary for foreign affairs negotiates treaties, selects ambassadors, consuls, &c., for foreign countries, and grants passports. The new foreign office building in the Italian style (designed by Sir Gilbert Scott), was begun in 1864. A portion of it was inaugurated by Mr. Disraeli's reception, 25 March, and it was occupied by lord Stanley, 24 June, 1868. See Administrations under separate heads, and Secretaries. Foreign Office Circular warning travellers and others that they will incur capture at their own risk Aug. 1881 Important changes in the departments announced Feb. 1883 permitted to accept a foreign order from the sovereign FOREIGN ORDERS. No British subject is of any foreign country, or wear the insignia thereof, without her majesty's consent, by orders issued in 1812 and 1834;-regulations published in London Gazette, 10 May, 1855. FORESTALLING was forbidden by statutes (in 1350, 1552, &c.), all repealed in 1844. FORESTS. There were in England, even in and upwards of 780 parks. See New Forest. the last century, as many as 68 forests, 18 chases, International Forestry exhibition at Edinburgh, recommended by government, Nov. 1883; opened on 1 July; closed 11 Oct. 1884 "The Forester," by J. Brown; new edition . 1882 *The endeavour to enlist for this legion, in 1854, in the United States, gave great offence to the American government. Mr. Crampton, our envoy, was dismissed, 28 May, 1856, in spite of all the judicious pacific efforts of Lord Napier was sent out as our reprelord Clarendon. sentative in 1857. The commissioners appointed to enquire into the state of the woods and forests, between 1787 and 1793, reported the following as belonging to the crown, viz, :—In Berkshire, Windsor Forest and Windsor Great and Little Park. In Dorset, Cranburn Chase. In Essex, Waltham or Epping and Hainault Forest. In Gloucestershire, Dean Forest. In Hampshire, the New Forest, Alice Holt, Woolmer Forest, and Bere Forest. In Kent, Bushey, and Hampton-court Parks. Greenwich Park. In Middlesex, St. James's, Hyde, In Northamptonshire, the forests of Whittlebury, Saleey, and Rockingham. In Nottingham, Sherwood Forest. In Oxford, Whichwood Forest. In Surrey, Richmond Park. Several of these have been disforested since 1851, viz. Hainault, Whichwood, and Whittlebury. A committee of the Motion in parliament to preserve Epping Forest, adopted house of commons respecting forests, sat in 1863. 14 Feb. 1870; and the decision of the Master of the Rolls, 10 Nov. 1874, stopped the enclosures by the lords of manors. The lord mayor Stone visited the forest in state 14 Oct. 1875. The commissioners' new scheme was duke and duchess of Connaught, 16 Oct. 1880. The forest published July, 1876. Memorial trees were planted by the was dedicated to the use of the people by the Queen, 6 May, 1882. |
