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"10 per cent. upon his capital. The from causes, over which the farmers had "present average price, according to no controul, that is to say, in part, at "Saturday's Gazette, is 7s. 11d. the least, from the war. It is not true, bushel. We have thus fulfilled our (though it has nothing to do with the "intention of collecting a few facts, point at issue) that the farmers were "which we have endeavoured to place wholly innocent here; for, they were no"in a prominent point of view, offering toriously amongst the foremost to uphold "such reasons as they are suggested to PITT in making war and in carrying on "our minds. We are quite sure that war, against the Republicans of France. we speak without partiality or prejudice That has been accomplished, which they ourselves; We are neither farmers nor tendered their lives and fortunes to acmerchants, neither growers of home nor complish. The republic of France has "importers of foreign corn. Our chief been destroyed; the Bourbons have been "anxiety is to remove, if possible, some restored; liberty has been nearly put out "prejudices, knowing that he best pro- in that country; and, really, if our far"motes the interests of the poorer classes mers were to suffer in consequence of and of British agriculture, who encou- what has taken place, they certainly would rages and promotes the interests of the come in for their full share of meriting 16 British farmer. "If the price of the that suffering.Now we come to the sub'corn," says an eminent writer, should ject:-The argument is this: that, un"not compensate the price of growing it, less corn is dear, the English farmer can"the most serious evil, the very destruc- not grow it, because it would not bring "tion of agriculture itself, is to be appre-him enough to enable him to pay wages "hended." Now, though this article is of labour, keep of horses, repair of wagwritten with great ability, and with ever gons, cost of seed, and rent to the landgreater craft than ability, it will require, lord.-Now, how fallacious is this! Is I trust, not a great deal to be said, to not the corn which the horses eat, shew that its tendency is to deceive the and which is sown for seed cheap, if people, and to entice them, by a fallacious corn be cheap at market? Are not the statement, into an acquiescence in a mea-wages of labourers, the prices of wheelsure for making corn dear; that being wrights, and the rent of land cheap, if the undisguised object of the writer.- the corn be cheap at market? Why, then, Before I proceed to the main points, let should not the English farmer be as able me notice the insinuation, that objections to grow cheap corn as dear corn? And to a Corn Bill have been owing to the what becomes of all the terrific statement རྩྭ་ industry of faction." What then, is about dependence upon foreign nations, OLD GEORGE ROSE become the about the extortioning of the foreign farleader of faction? He, who wrote a mer, about scarcity, about the ruin of pamphlet to convince the people of Eng- the labourer, and the like? Is it not noland, that, if they did not quietly pay torious, that wheat used to be 5s. a the war-taxes, the French Republicans bushel in England? Nay, is it not notowould deprive them of the blessed com- rious, that it used to be 2s. a bushel? forts of religion? He has, indeed, been How did the farmer live in those days? very industrious upon this occasion; but Was the labourer starved in those days? has his been the industry of faction?" On the contrary, is it not notorious, that Have the petitions of the loyal" of the paupers have increased with the high Southampton, Portsmouth, Winchester, prices? Will any man have the confidence and hundreds of other cities and towns, to deny this? And if this cannot be de proceeded from "the industry of faction?" nied, what reason is there to be alarmed Oh, no! this will never do. The pro-at the prospect of continued cheapness? moters of the measure cannot now raise a ery against the Jacobins. That humbug is over for ever.--Who told this writer, that any body ever. said, that revenge against the farmer was the object of the opposers of the measure? This is pure invention. It is an invented fact, whereon to build a fallacious argument.-But, we are told here, that the high prices arose

What reason is there to suppose, that the farmer will be unable to raise cheap corn, seeing that his labourers, his smith, his wheelwright, his collar-maker, his seed, his rent, will all keep pace with the price of his corn? If these items amount to a hundred pounds a year when wheat is 40s, a quarter, and to two hundred pounds a year when wheat is 20s. a quarter, is not

you are laudably enthusiastic. But the
real tendency of your exertions is to pro-
tect and promote the taxing system, and
thereby to enable the Government to keep
up, during peace, a standing army and all
those means of patronage, heretofore un-
known in England, and the keeping up
of which tends to the total extinguishment
of even the great country gentlemen, the
little ones having all been swallowed up
long ago.--Stand here, I pray you, and
reflect before you proceed another inch.

the farmer as able to raise the forty shil-
ling wheat as the eighty shilling wheat?
How came this writer to be so indiscreet
as to mention horse feed and seed amongst
the outgoings of the farmer? These must
be at a low price, if his market corn is at
a low price. They consist of the same
sort of corn that he has to sell. How,
in the name of common sense, then, should
he have to complain of the amount of
these outgoings, and, at the same time,
complain of the cheapness of his com
But, the truth is, that the absurdity of
these positions arises from a very ma-
terial omission in the enumeration of the
farmer's outgoings; to wit; the TAXES !
which, direct and indirect, amount to
more, aye, to double as much, as his la-
bour, horse feed, seed, implements, and
rent, all put together. The direct taxes
are upon his land, his property, his horses,
his house, his windows, his gig, his dogs,
his man servant, and to these must be
added his poor rates. He pays about 17s.
a bushel tax out of every 20s. which he
lays out in salt; and, in a large farm
house, the salt tax amounts to about 107.
a year. He pays more in tax upon malt
than his barley, of which the malt is made,
amounts to. He pays a tax upon the
soap and candles, and tea and sugar and
wine and spirits used in his house. He
pays a tax on the leather and iron used in
his implements and his harness. And,
be it observed and remembered, that he
pays a tax upon the beer, the gin, the tea,
the sugar, the salt, the soap, the candles,
the shoes, the tobacco, used by his la-
bourers. For every quart of beer drank
by the ploughman, at a public house, the
farmer pays about 4d in tax. The brewer
and malster first pay it; the publican
pays it to them; the labourer pays it to
the publican; the farmer pays it to the
labourer; and, as the farmer must be re-
paid, he must,, of course, charge it in
the price of the next corn that he sells.
-Here, then, is the real cause of the
necessity of high prices. It is the GO-as the food of the manufacturer in France,
VERNMENT, and not the FARMER,
who stands in need of high priced corn.
-Oh! ye Cakes and Westerns, be not;
be not, I pray and supplicate you, mede
the tools of the taxing system! I know
well that neither of you wish for high
prices in order to increase, or keep up
your own incomes. Your wish is to pro-
tect, to secure the well-being of, a de-
scription of persons, as to whose pursuits

-You perceive clearly, that the writer,
whom I have quoted, under pretence of
protecting the farmer and promoting agri-
culture, aims at keeping up the taxes, that
is to say, an immense military establish-
ment and patronage, which it is your in-
terest, and the farmer's interest, and the
country's interest, to see reduced to no
thing, seeing, that we now want no
standing army any more than our fore-
fathers did. I have read a long letter
of Mr, WESTERN to shew, that it is just
and necessary to pass a Bill to protect the
farmer. The reasonings of that very able
letter are unanswerable, if we admit, that
the taxing system must remain in full vi-
gour, which the author seems to admit,
and which I wonder that he should have
admitted. It is clearly shewn, that the
English farmer will not grow corn, unless
he is put upon as good a footing, at least,
as the French farmer. But, then, it is
not shewn, that this cannot be accom-
plished without a Corn Bill; and yet,
this ought to be shewn, and clearly shewn,
by those, who, in open hostility to the
common feeling of mankind, propose such
a measure.-The farmer, and the pro-
sperity of agriculture, do not depend upon
the price of corn alone: there are the
hides, the skins, the wool, and the flax,
All very great articles of produce. These
are, in great part, wrought into articles of
dress by our manufacturers, and thus they
are exported. Make the corn diar; make
the food of the manufacturer twice as dear

America, and elsewhere, and who will
purchase the dear manufactures ?—-But,
take away the taxes that support the
army, the ordnance, a great part of the
navy; abolish the new military schools
and all their enormous expences; return
again to cheap and peaceful government;
lay aside the bayonet and the broad-
sword, and be content with the old-
fashioned sheriff's wand and constable's

staff. Do this, and there will be quite the constitution. It is for those who proenough left to discharge the just debts of pose such a measure to shew, that it the country and to support the Crown cannot be done without; and this they with sufficient splendour, though Wheat must shew before any just man will give should again fall (as I hope it will) to the his consent to it. The measure would old 5 shillings a bushel of JETHROTULL; be no protection to the farmer; it would and agriculture will flourish and farmers do him no good; it would do the landwill thrive as much as they have done for owner no good: what it gave in prohithe last twenty years; and, what is still bition, it would take away in tax, and of more importance, pauperism will al- give it to the military, naval, and official most disappear, hospitality will revive, and part of the community, the tendency of honesty, the constant companion of com- which must inevitably be to give these a petence, will curtail the long and dismal predominance over all the peaceful arts lists of crimes, commitments, convic- and professions, and to produce all the tions, banishments, and executions, which lamentable consequences which I have now fill the mind with horror and dismay. above described. For these reasons, I, "Here" say the writers, "we take our who am a farmer by taste as well stand. The English farmer cannot grow as in fact, and who am deeply interested corn, unless," by an importation duty, in the prosperity of agriculture, detest and "the foreign farmer be made to bear part abhor, from the bottom of my soul, the "of the English farmer's taxes".-But, he idea of any measure tending to raise, or will not bear part then; for, he will not keep up, the price of corn; and, if there bring his corn, and it is meant that he be but one man in all England found to should not. Here I take my stand. Re-petition against such a measure, I will be duce the taxes of the English farmer, that man. and then he will grow corn enough without the aid of foreign supply; and the COTINENTAL AFFAIRS.It is, immanufacturers, eating cheap food, will be possible to peruse the information which able to sell cheaper than the manufacturers now daily arrives from the Continent, of other nations; and, thus, all will thrive without experiencing the most aweful sen together; make corn dear, by continued sations as to the critical state of affairs heavy taxation, and all will decline toge- in that quarter. It is true, appearances ther, except the military and naval offi- are very often deceitful, and lowering cial part of the community, who will, in clouds frequently subside; but there nethe end, obtain a predominance, such as ver was a period known, in universal histhey possess in the Austrian, Prussian, tory when the "din of preparation" Russian and German dominions, and seemed so great, Let us turn our eyes English freedom and English manners from the Mediterranean to the Baltic, and English morals and English tastes peace and tranquility is no where to be and English learning and eloquence will found. In Italy, all the convulsions of take their flight for ever to the other side the thirteenth century appear to have reof the Atlantic. I hardly think it possi-vived. The dawn of liberty having open, ble, that such men as Mr. Coke and Mr. ed on that delightful country, its inhabiWestern should be the partizans of a tants cannot without difficulty return unmeasure having such a tendency. They der the yoke of slavery. We find the may doubt, whether it be practicable, court of Vienna in the most feverish without injury to the fund-holders, to re- alarm on the subject. Long accustomed duce the taxes so as to enable the farmer as the Austrian monarchy has been to to sell wheat at 5s. a bushel. For my look with anxiety to the entire possession part, I have no doubt at all upon the sub- of the Adriatic Gulf, from the possession ject; but, before I give myself the trou- of the ports of which, she might indulge ble of proving, and my readers the trou- a prospective hope of possessing" ships, ble of reading what I have to say upon "colonies, and commerce," it cannot be, the subject, let the advocates of a new but with the utmost apprehension, that and odious measure give us their argu- she finds the voice of public opinion dements to prove, that the measure is indis- cidedly against her views. Little doubt pensably necessary to the discharge of can be entertained by the most commonthe just debts of the country and to the place politician, that a great motive which support of our government agreeably to influenced Austria to join the Allies, af

the present system, and his very name so seldom oceurs, except when he himself introduces it, that there is every appearance of his sinking fast, as I fervently hope he will, into his old denomination of Bishop of Rome; when Pope, conclave, and cardinals would soon be forgotten, was it not for the perse cutions which religion, from time immemorial, has brought upon mankind. -In Spain, the beloved Ferdinand has outraged every feeling, which the laws of policy and humanity ought to bave dictated. His friends and his foes have fallen in one universal conscription. Neither age nor sex is spared. The reign of priesthood is revived, in all its horrors. That bloody tribunal the Inquisition, is proceeding with gigantic strides. Horror and desolation mark its

the critical period when by Francis's unnatural desertion of his son-in-law-a de sertion so totally unlooked for, that it produced, as it could not fail to do, the most decisive consequences.-I say, the Emperor Francis must have been greatly stimulated to this act, by the jealousy with which he viewed the Iron Crown on the head of Napoleon; shutting out, as it did for ever, all his Italian prospects. The information from Italy is rather barren; but no doubt can be entertained that Austria, finding Murat necessary to her views, has entered into a secret alliance with him to secure his throne, on condition that the upper part of Italy shall become Austrian Insurmountable difficulties have been thrown in the way of this project. Among others, the sudden revival of the King of Sardinia, who, in the present rage for the resuscitation of legi-progress, and universal destruction is the timate monarchs, has, of course, asserted only trace it leaves beland. In France, his claim to his lawful possessions." little of tranquillity appears to have been But great part of the former kingdom of established. Louis XVIII, when all pas Sardinia had so often changed owners, ties agree to be a mild, benificent, and that it was impossible almost to recollect good man, appears to be too much under its dispersed masters. Austria has there- the influence of the priests to be as popufore been contented to secure at presentar as he might be, if he would shake off what she could lay hold of, leaving to their odious yoke. The revolution in that time and fortune the completion of her country, unexampled as it has been in ultimate views. The sacrifice of the free extent, both of moral and political influstate of Genoa to the Sardinian throne ence, has so completely opened the eyes has been a part of this system. This of all mankind, that the delusions of measure is, said, in almost all our news-religion now excite little else than ridipapers, to be tyrannical and oppressive; cule. If I am to believe the Times to be in palpable contradiction to every newspaper which, to use an approprideclaration of the allied powers; and ate phrase on this subject, is always apoviolatory of every profession they made cryphal, a most serious convulsion was as to the liberating of Europe. True, or on the point of lately breaking forth false, as these accusations may be, I have in Paris, in consequence of a fanatic little doubt the poor Genoese must submit monk, wishing, and endeavouring, to . to “existing circumstances." I have also revive one of those monstrous absurdities my fears that Murat himself will ultimate-which disgraced the dark and barbarous ly fall. Alone as he stands among the periods of ignorance and superstition. legitimate monarchs, can it be supposed Nor was it prevented until the king had that his existence will be endured, re-been twice sent to, and, from its increasing minding them of the great man hy whom violence, the most alarming consequences they were set up, and put down at plea- were to be apprehended: and all this sure! Constant reports and hints are because a wretched priest thought procirculated in all the continental papers, of per to deny the rights of sepul re to a the advantageous exchanges offered to respectable woman, who had for sixty him for his present kingdom; and if, like years been an artist in a profession cerDeauharnois, he should not choose to go tainly more harmless, if not more ratione ! with a good grace, he has every reason than his own, From every thing which to dread the result. It may not happen I can perceive in that country, her affairs immediately; but if the new organization are in a most unsettled state. Soult, of Europe remain, his eventual fate may who wishes to out Herod-Herod, ha be considered as already sealed. As to excited a flame in the matter of General the Pope, he is so little thought of under Excelmans, which will require more skill

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and ability than he possesses, to extin- the monstrous aggression which all Euguish.---Proceeding northward, the affairs rope, and, I lament to say, Great Britain of Holland next meet the eye. Here, we also, have committed against the brave find the most unnatural union between the Norwegiaus. The historian will blush, Dutchman and the Brabanter: men as when he indites the page in which he • opposite in their pursuits, composition, records the detestable fact, that a British and constitution as two animals of the Fleet blockaded the Norwegian ports, to same species can possible be. An army starve that wretched country into subof 75,000 troops, in the pay of England, mission to their new masters, by one half our own countrymen, is in gar- preventing the entry of all the common rison in that country. Where the people articles of necessity, even to food; are satisfied, such an army is unnecessary, and this in violation of the general wish and if they are not satisfied, twice the of the whole country, expressed in the number will not make them so.-It is ut- strongest manner almost by acclamation. terly impossible to describe the state of The mind revolts at a picture like this; Germany, for here calculation is perfectly and yet this is the state of peace and haplost. Report contradicts report, in end-piness which the allied Sovereigns have less variety. One thing alone is clear, so pompously souded throughout Europe that the allied sovereigns, who established they were about to confer upon mankind. the late crusade, in the most solemn It remains to say a few words as to our professions of the most pure disinte- | own favoured country. In the year 1792, restedness are now adopting the very when the heaven-born minister involved system of Napoleon, even to the expres-us in twenty-two years war, had any man sions he made use of in that system. ventured to assert, that in the year 1815, The ear is fatigued with the word "In- we should have incurred a debt of nearly "demnity," and I was in hopes that, in a THOUSAND MILLIONS, and that the common decency, it would have been left boasted "free Englishman," should be out of the vocabulary of the Allies. On subject to a tax by which his most secret the contrary, it appears that the Vienna concerns were laid open to investigation, Congress is occupied, day and night, in he would have been treated either as a carding out fresh "indemnities" for the fool, or a madman. Yet so it is, and so conquerors of their great prototype, the it will continue, unless something like the fallen Napoleon. Russia and Prussia public spirit of former times is revived. are said to be determined on seizing their The operation of corruption has been so 'defenceless prey, and to possess them general, that it has extended its baneful selves by force of what is denied to them influence, more or less, in every quarter. by reason, justice, and common honesty. The vile hireling press has had its full Was there a single act in the whole life of share of the mischief. Men's minds, durthe French Emperor so base and atrocious ing the continuance of the late war, were as the attempt attributed to these monarchs too much occupied with foreign politics, to root out the whole family of the King to devote sufficient of their time and atof Saxony? The deposition of Ferdinand tention to what was passing at home. of Spain, was but child's play to this. The evil, therefore, has taken deep root, He signed his abdication, and Joseph had and it will require all our energies to root a pretence at least to his throne, not only it up. It is a sacred duty every one owes by this act of Ferdinand, but by the will to the country, and I cordially hope that of at least one half of the population of duty may be fulfilled. the country. But, in Saxony, the whole uation, to a man, concur in abhorring this tartar-like usurpation; and it never can be carried but by the loss of much hu- Mr. COBBETT.—I have read with peman blood. The same argument precise- culiar attention an account in the Mornly applies to Poland. That ill-fated coun- ing Chronicle, purporting to be a detail try has been ever the prey to lawless of the proceedings of the late Winchester violence and ambition; and the magna- Meeting on the subject of the Property nimous Alexander is accused of following, Tax.--I have looked this over in the most with undeviating accuracy, the blood-careful manner, and am of opinion, from stained steps of his ancestor, the immor its interual evidence, that this must be a tal Catherine. But how shall I describe | garbled statement, and that Mr. Perry

FINANCE.