Algiers, for whom he was authorised to and concealing her true American character. give a ransom, not exceeding 3000 dollars | In this vessel was taken a Mr. Pollard, who per man. To every attempt of this kind, claims to be an American citizen, and is believed the Dey replied, "that not for two mil- to be of Norfolk, Virginia, and who, as an Ame"lions of dollars would he sell his American citizen, is kept in captivity. The governrican slaves!" In reply to an appli- ment, justly solicitous to relieve these unfortucation, in the most confidential manner, uate captives, caused an agent, (whose connecto one of the Dey's ministers, to know the tion with the government was not disclosed) to terms which the Dey expected to extort be sent to Algiers, with the means and with infrom the United States (by keeping our structions to effect their ransom, if it could be citizens slaves) in the event of a treaty done at a price not exceeding three thousand With them, it appears, that "it was a set- dollars per man. The effort did not succeed, "tled point with the Dey, from which he because of the Dey's avowed policy to increase could by no means swerve, that in the the number of his American slaves, in order to "first place, for the privilege of passing the be able to compel a renewal of his treaty with "streights of Gibraltar, two millions of the United States, on terms suited to his rapa"dollars would be required of the Ame- city. Captain Smith, Mr. Pollard, and the Mas"rican Government, and THEN the stipu-ter of the Edwin, are not confined, nor kept at "lations of the late treaty might be re"newed (the old tributary treaty) after "paying up all arrears of tribute," &c. &c. THE REPORT. The committee to whom has been referred the bill" for the protection of the United States "against the Algerine cruizers," with instructions to enquire and report in detail the facts npon which the measure contemplated is predieated, report-- That in the month of July, 1812, the Dey of Algiers, taking offenec, or pretending to take offence, at the quality and quantity of a shipment of milftary stores made by the United States, in pursuance of the stipulation in the Treaty of 1795, and refusing to receive the stores, extorted from the American Consul General at Algiers, by threats of personal impri. sonment, and of reducing to slavery all Ame. ricans in his power, a sum of money claimed as the arrearages of Treaty stipulations, and denied by the United States to be due; and then com. pelled the Consul, and all citizens of the United States at Algiers, abruptly to quit his dominions. -It further appears to the committee, that on the 25th of August following, the American brig Edwin of Salem, owned by Nathaniel Silsbee of that place, while ou a voyage from Malta to Gibraltar, was taken by an Algerine Corsair, and carried into Algiers as prize. The com mander of the brig, Captain George Campbell Smith, and the crew, ten in number, bave ever since been detained in captivity, with the exception of two of them, whose release has been effected under circumstances not indicating any change of hostile temper on the part of the Dey. It also appears, that a vessel, sailing under the Spanish flag has been condemned in Algiers, as laying a false claim to that flag, hard labour; but the rest of the captives are subjected to the well-known horrors of Algerine slavery. The Committee have not been apprised of any other specific outrages upon the persons or property of American citizens besides those stated; and they apprehend, that the fewness of these is attributable to the want of opportunity and not of inclination in the Dey, to prey upon our commerce, aud to enslave our eitizens. The war with Britain has hitherto shat the Mediterranean against American vessels, which, it may be presumed will now shortly venture upon it. The committee are all of opinion, upon the evidence which has been laid before them, that the Dey of Algiers considers his treaty with the United States as at an end, and is waging war against them. The evidence upon which this is founded, and from which are extracted the facts above stated, accompanies this report, and with it is respectfully submitted AN ACT For the protection of the commerce of the United States against the Algerine cruizers. WHEREAS, the Dey of Algiers, on the coast of Barbary, has commenced a predatory warfare against the United States BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas. Sect. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to iustruct the commanders of the respective public vessels aforesaid, to subdue, seize, and make prize of all vessels, goods, and effects, of or belonging to the Dey of Algiers, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law; and also, to cause to be done, all such other acts of precaution or hostility, as the state of war will justify, and may in his opinion require. these latter were entering upon war with US! some of our modest and honest gentlemen; some of our most honourable men, have called America an assassin, because she made war against us, while we were at war with Napoleon.. What will they say now of the venerable head of this Afri- ́ can state? The same honourable, worthies have said, that because America went to war with us, while we had to fight Napoleon, she was the slave of Na this reasoning to the present war between America and Algiers: I fervently hope, that no one will pretend, that, because Algiers went to war with America while America had to fight us, Algiers was the Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That on the application of the owners of private armed vessels of the United States, the President of the United States may grant them special commis-poleon. But I hope they will not apply sions, in the form which he shall direct under the seal of the United States; and such private armed vessels, when so commissioned, shall have the like authority for subduing, seizing, taking, and bring. ing into port any Algerine vessels, goods or effects, as the above-mentioned public armed ves-slave of England!-As to the result of sels may by law have; and shall therein be sub. the war, I have no doubt, that the Dey ject to the instructions, which may be given by will not have to rejoice much at the sucthe President of the United States, for the regnstead of millions of dollars are likely to be cess of his undertaking. A dry blow in lation of their conduct, and their commissions shall be revocable at his pleasure: Provided, That before any commission shall be granted as aforesaid, the owner or owners of the vessel for which the same may be requested, and the com.. mander thereof for the time being, shall give boud to the United States, with at least two res ponsible sureties, not interested in such vessels, in the penal sum of seven thousand dollars, or if suck vessel be provided with more than one hun dred and fifty men, in the penal sum of fourteen thonsand dollars, with condition for observing the ⚫ treaties and laws of the United States, and the instructions which may be given as aforesaid, and also for satisfying all damages and injuries which shall be done contrary to the tenor thereof, by such commissioned vessel, aud for delivering up the commission when revoked by the President of the United States. his portion. As an Englishman, I must wish, that the Algerines may be beaten by those, who have, unfortunately, so often beaten my own countrymen.-The TIMES newspaper has told us, that it is suspected, that the Algerine war is, with America, a deed, Doctor! and, in what civilian have PRETEXT for increasing her navy. Inyou discovered, that America is restrained What need has she of pretexts? I know, from augmenting her navy at her pleasure? indeed, that, amongst your other follies, you did, during last summer, insist upon it, that, in making peace with America, she should, at last, be compelled to stipu late not to have any ships of war beyond a certain size and number. But, the sti pulation was not obtained; and now, instead of big menaces, you throw out your suspectings for the cogitations of the wise John Bull.-Away driveller! and await a similar fate to your predictions as to the Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That any Algerine vessel, goods or effects, which may be so captured and brought into port, by any private armed vessel of the United States, duly commis-humiliations of France. sioned as aforesaid, may be adjudged good prize, and thereupon shall accrue to the owners, and officers, and men of the capturing vessel, and shall be distributed according to the' agreement which shall have been made between them; or, in failure of such agreement, according to the discretion of the court having cognizance of the capture. OVERTURES OF PEACE FROM THE There is one circumstance connected with this Algerine war, which I think worthy of particular notice; and that is, this regular government began, it appears, its depredations on the Americans, just as EMPEROR NAPOLEON. LETTER FROM M. CAULAINCOURT TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH, DATED PARIS, 4th APRIL 1815, My Lord-The Emperor was auxious to ex press directly to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent the sentiments which inspire him, and to make known to him the high value which be places on the maintenance of the peace happily existing between the two countries. I am com. manded in consequence, my Lord, to address to you the annexed letter, and to beg your Excel-plishment of his noblest intentions. With a dislency to present it to his Royal Highness-The first wish of the Emperor being, that the repose of Europe should remain inviolate, his Majesty has been anxions to manifest this disposition to the Sovereigns who are still assembled at Vienna, and to all other Sovereigns. I have, &c. (Signed) position to respect the rights of other nations, his Majesty has the pleasing hope, thạt those of the French nation will remain inviolate. The maintenance of this precious deposit is the first, as it is the dearest of his duties. The quiet of the world is for a long time assured, if all the other CAULAINCOURT, Duc de Vicence. Sovereigns are disposed, as his Majesty is, to LETTER FROM M. DE CAULAINCOURT TO VIS make their honour consist in the preservation of peace, by placing peace under the safeguard of are, my Lord, the sentiments with which his Majesty is sincerely animated, and which he has commanded me to make known to your Government. I have the honour, &c. (Signed) CAULAINCOURT, Duke of Vicence, His Excellency Lord Castlereagh, &c. LETTER FROM VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH TO SIR-I have been honoured with two letters VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH TO THE EARL OF My Lord-The expectations which induced his Majesty the Emperor, my August Sovereign, to submit to the greatest sacrifices, have not been fulfilled France has not received the price. of the devotion of its Monarch: her hopes have been lamentably deceived. After some months of painful restraint, her sentiments, concealed with regret, have at length manifested themselves in an extraordinary manner; by an universal and spontaneous impulse, she has declared as her deliverer, the man, from wi:om aloue she can expert the guarantee of her liberties and inde, pendence. The Emperor has appeared, the Royal Throne has falleu, and the Bourbon family have quitted our territory, without one drop of blood having been shed for their defence. Borne upon the arms of his people, his Majesty has traversed France, from the point of the coast at which he at first touched the ground, as far as the centre of his capital, to that residence which is now again, as are all French hearts, filled with our dearest remembrances. No obstacles have delayed his Majesty's triumphal progress; from the instant MY LORD-I herewith inclose a copy of an of his re-landing upon French ground, he resumed Overture this day received from M. de Caulain the government of his empire. Scarcely does his court, with the answer returned. You will comfirst reign appear to have been for an instant inmunicate the same to the Allied Sovereigns and terrupted. Every generous passion, every liberal Plenipotentiaries at Vienna, for their informathought, has rallied around him; never did any tion. I have the honour to be, &c. nation present a spactacle of more awful unani. mity. The report of this great event will have reached your Lordship. I am commanded to announce it to you, in the name of the Emperor, and to request you will convey this declaration to the knowledge of his Majesty the King of Great Britain, your August Master. This Restoration of the Emperor to the Throne of France is for him the most brilliant of his triumphs. His Majesty prides himself above all, on the reflection, that he owes it entirely to the love of the French people, and he has no other wish than to repay such affections no longer by the trophies of vain ambition, but by all the advantages of au hononrable repose, and by all the blessings of a happy tranquillity. It is to the duration of peace that the Emperor looks forward for the accom (Signed) Earl of Claucarty, &c. CASTLEREAGH, THE EARL OF CLANCARTY TO VISCOUNT CASTLE REAGH, DATED VIENNA, MAY 6, 1815. MY LORD-Adverting to your Lordship's dispatch, No. 3, and to its several inclosures, conveying a proposal made by the existing Govern ment in France, and your Lordship's answer thereto, I have the honour to acquaint you, for the information of his Majesty's Government, that at a conference held on the 3d inst, his Highness Prince Metternich acquainted us, that a M. de Strassant, who had been stopped on his way hither, at Lintz, from not having been furnished with proper passports, had addressed a letter to his Imperial Majesty, and therewith forwarded some unopened letters which the Emperor had di- | lishment of an individual as the head of the French rected him to unseal in the presence of the Ple- Government, whose past conduct has invariably nipotentiaries of the Allied Powers. These demonstrated, that in snelt a situatiou he will not proved to be a letter from Bonaparte, addressed suffer other nations to be at peace-whose rest to his Majesty, professing a desire to continue at less ambition, whose thirst for foreign conquest, peace, to observe the stipulations of the Treaty and whose disregard for the rights and independ of Paris, &c. and a letter from M. de Canlain. ence of other States, must expose the whole of court to Prince Metternich, containing similar Europe to renewed scenes of plunder and devasta. professions. After reading these Papers, it was tion. However general the feelings of the Soveconsidered whether any, and what answer should reigns may be in favour of the restoration of the be made thereto, when the general opinion ap- King, they no otherwise seek to influence the propeared to be, that none should be returned, and ceedings of the French in the choice of this or of no notice whatever taken of the proposal. Upon any other dynasty, or forın of Government, thau this, as indeed upon all other occasions subse- may be essential to the safety and permanent quent to the resumption of authority by Bona- tranquillity of the rest of Europe; such reaparte, wherein the present state of the Continen-sonable security being afforded by France in this tal Powers, with regard to France, bas come un-respect, as other States have a legitimate right der discussion, but one opinion has appeared to to claim in their own defence, their object will direct the Councils of the several Sovereigns. be satisfied; and they shall joyfully return to that They adhere, and from the commencement have state of peace, which will then, and then only, be never ceased to adhere, to their Declaration of open to them, and lay down those arms which the 13th of March, with respect to the actual they have only taken up for the purpose of ac Ruler of France. They are in a state of hostility quiring that tranquillity so eagerly desired by with him and his adherents, not from choice, but | them on the part of their respective Empires.from necessity, because past experience has Such, my Lord, are the general sentiments of the shewn, that no faith has been kept by him, and Sovereigns and of their Ministers here assem that no reliance can be placed on the professions bled; and it should seem, that the glorions for of one who has hitherto no longer regarded the bearance observed by them, when masters most solemn compacts than as it may have of the French capital in the early part of the snited his own convenience to observe them, last year, ought to prove to the French, that whose word, the only assurance he can afford for this is not a war against their freedom and his peaceable disposition, is not less in direct op-independence, or excited by any spirit of ambi position to the tenor of his former life, than it is to the military position in which he is actually placed. They feel that they should neither perform their duty to themselves or to the people committed by Providence to their charge, if they were now to listen to those professions of a desire for peace which have been made, and suffer themselves thus to be lulled into the supposition that they might now relieve their people from the burthen of supporting immense military masses, by diminishing their forces to a peace establishment, convinced as the several Sovereigns are from past experience, that no sooner should they have been disarmed, than advantage would be taken of their want of preparation, to renew those scenes of aggression and bloodshed, from which they had hoped that the peace so gloriously won at Paris, would long have secured them. They are at war, then, for the purpose of obtaining some security for their own independence, and for the re-conquest of that peace and permanent tranquillity, for which the world has so long panted. They are not even at war for the greater or less portion of security which France can afford them of future tranquillity, but because France under its present chief, is noable to afford them any security whatever. In this war, they do not desire to interfere with any legitimate right of the French people; they have no design to oppose the claim of that nation to choose their own form of Government, or intention to trench, in any respect, upon their independence as a great and free people but they do think they have a right, and that of the highest nature, to contend against the re-estab tion, or desire of conquest, but one arising out of CLANCARTY. Printed and Published by G. HOUSTON, No. 192, Strand; where all Communications addressed to the Editor, are requested to be forwarded. VOL. XXVII. No. 22.] LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 3, 1815. [Price 1s. 673] LETTER IX. TO THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL. On the political Effects Produced in Ame rica by the Peace of Ghent. [674 "reading the Proclamation, in the USU"AL WAY, at the door of the office at "Whitehall." This was all, and, I will be bound, that even the people passing in the street did not know what it was that was reading. This is what the COURIER Botley, 29th May, 1815, calls the usual way of proclaiming peace! MY LORD-It was frequently observed There was no illuminations; no firing of by me, in former letters, which I had the guns; no ringing of bells; no demonstrahonour to address to your Lordship, dur- tions of joy. In short, the country, which ing the war with America, that, if you had been so eager for the war, and so unawere, at last, as I foretold you would be, nimous for its prosecution, seemed not at compelled to make peace without hum-all to regret, that it never knew the exact bling America, and, indeed, without sub-period when peace returned. It felt duing her, or nearly subduing her, the re-ashamed of the result of the war, and was sult would be honourable to her, sceing that she would, in a war single-handed against England, -have succeeded in defending herself. It was clear, that, when once the contest became a single combat, to defend herself must be to her triumph and to us defeat. And, if she came out of the war without any, even the smallest concession, her triumph over us must raise her greatly in the estimation of her own people and of all the world. She did come out of the war in this way; and the natural consequences have followed. I do not know, that I have before noticed the fact in print, but it is now time that I should; I mean the curious fact relative to the proclamation of peace with America. We know that peace with any power is usually proclaimed by HERALDS, who, starting at St. James's Palace, go into the City, with a grand display of armorial ensigns, and accompanied by troops in gay attire, and by bands of martial music, stopping, from time to time, to read the King's proclamation of the peace. This was done at the Peace of Amiens and at the Peace of Paris. Indeed, it is the usual way in which the cessation of war is proclaimed. Now, then, how was the peace with America proclaimed? There was no procession at all: there was nothing of the usual ceremony. But, the COURIER newspaper, and, I believe, that paper only, informed the public, that "peace with "America was proclaimed to-day, by glad to be told nothing at all about it. But, in America! There the full force of public feeling was made manifest.The country resounded from New Or leans to the utmost borders of the Lakes; from the orange groves to the wheat lands, buried four feet deep in snow, was heard the voice of joy, the boast of success, the shout of victory. I, who had always felt anxious for the freedom of America; I, whose predictions have been so completely fulfilled in the result of this contest; even I cannot keep down all feeling of mortification at these demonstrations of triumph, related in the American prints now before me. Even in me, the Englishman so far gets the better of all other feelings and consideration. What, then, must be the feelings of those, my Lord, who urged on and who prosecuted that fatal war? This An American paper now before me, the Boston "Yankee," of the 9th of December last, gives an account, copied from our London papers, of our Jubilee last summer, when "old BLUCHER" was so squeezed and hugged, and had his jaws so nastily licked over by the filthy women, who were called "Ladies." Yankee calls it "John Bull's great National Jubilee;" and, I assure you, the famous victory gained by the naval force of England over the American fleet on the Serpentine River is not forgotten! But, the editor of the Yankee has made a mistake. He thought it was the Thames on |