Though the author of the New Sanhedrin is the first Christian writer who has proved from the words of Christ himself, to the woman of Samaria, that the local restoration of the Jews to Jerusalem, is not the doctrine of the Gospel, the same opinion was hinted before, by one of our greatest critics, Bishop Warburton. ture of Jewish faith and morality priesthood, as any person can urge strongly displays itself. It is not for the prohibiting the marriage of enough that its disciples are permitted Jews with Christians. If a certain to gratify their disorderly appetites at number of men whose riches furnish the expense of female virtue, and to them with opportunities of multiplyengross all that their unbounded ing debaucheries, and whose faith, wealth can procure them from the as it is called, prevents them from superiority of the temptations it en- marrying; if these are to be defendables them to exhibit. But, provided ed, where is the mighty difference it is not with their own females, they between tolerating such men and an may insinuate, address, and even equal number of " rosy priests and make semblance of marriage, which jolly friars?" The pertinacity of Mr. their faith will not permit them to Cohen, the author of Sacred Truths perform. They may thus destroy the addressed to the Hebrews," in conpeace of families and harrow up the tending for a local restoration of the feelings of parents and relatives, but Jews, &c. against the author of the their faith, their religion, does not New Sanhedrin, is a stream from the permit them to redress these serious same fountain as their abrogated law, injuries, or to afford the balm of con- which forbids marriage; as a means, solation to those whom they may they say, of preventing them from have made miserable. Thus, con- embracing the Christian faith!!! tending for the Jewish faith is both impious and absurd. Now, the fact is, that the measures adopted by the French emperor to oblige the Jews to intermarry with Christians, whom we have seen they have no religious scruples in debauching, would most effectually reform these practices; but some half thinking Chritians and Jews say, this would be subverting Respecting the original precepts of the Jewish faith! This, indeed, may Moses against the marriages of Jews be very safely granted; but in return with Geniles, as the latter were then we may ask, What is the purport, idolators, this law cannot be supposed and why was the Christian religion to be in force now, unless these Jewish first promulgated, but to subvert the champions and their advocates will Jewish faith? What are almost all have the effrontery to place the Christhe doctrines and precepts of the tians of the present day, who tolerate Gospel calculated for, but to subvert and protect them, upon the same footthe Jewish faith? An apostle, Ro- ing with savages and barbarians. But mans xi. 43, declares that nothing to return, the author of the Sacred but the continuance of Jewish unbelief can prevent them from being grafted into the Gospel; and are we to oppose this engrafting of the Jews, by continuing to insist upon the Jewish faith, which is only another word for the unbelief of the Gospel? Are Christians justifiable in pleading for the pernicious operation of a faith in opposition to the faith of Christ, destructive of good morals in any mixed society of Jews and Christians, and contrary to the spirit and even the let ter of the New Testament? A faith which allows the Jew to do wrong to the Christian, but will not permit him to make a just recompence. The old Roman Catholics had as much reason for the celibacy of their Truths seems very angry with the moral regeneration which the French Sanhedrin deem an equivalent with their local restoration. The French emperor and his adherents wish gradually to reform the habits and morals of the Jews, to fit them for the enjoyment of society; but the author of the Sacred Truths, who is neither philosopher or conjurer, would have them emancipated all at once, and "reinstated to their former splendour or greater," an experiment, humanly speaking, as dangerous as a sudden emancipation of the enslaved negro, or the most besotted and bigotted description of Catholics. Next to Duteronomy, chap. xxx. which some have explained as relative to the Ba thereof. bylonish captivity, this author recom- the state of their morals, he was permends the reading of the last of suaded that they must be spiritualized Ezekiel, wherein, he says, will be before they could be naturalized as seen not only the local restoration, Christians. but also the division of land to each Bishop Warburton also, stated it tribe. But it is enough to reply to as his positive opinion, more than this part of Ezekiel, that beyond the half a century ago, "that the natutwelfth verse of the 47th chapter, ralization bill passed in the 20th of neither connection with, nor confir- George II. was contrary to the promation by the New Testament, are phecies; and that their future restito be found. To this limit the meta- tution to divine favour, would conphorical description of the New Jeru- sist, not in being recalled to their own salem may agree with the outline of original country, but in being natuthe holy city, in Rev. chap. xxi and ralized and incorporated into the vaxxii. But beyond Ezekiel the 47th rious communities of the faithful.” and 12th verse, the description of that As to the state of literature among city and portion seems wholly Jewish. the English Jews, not those of the Into the Christian Jerusalem, John continent, the Jewish author of the tells us, chap. xxi. verses 24, 25, 26, Memoirs of Mr. B. Goldsmid, allows the kings of the earth shall bring their "that it is plain from the most auglory and honour. Upon this head thentic information, that the commuEzekiel is silent. Nothing profane, nity of Jews in foreign parts are more or any thing that defileth can any improved, as well as more respected wise enter into the New Testament, than here, where they are little known Jerusalem, Rev. chap. xxi. v. 27. but but by their contrivances and traffic." in Ezekiel, chap. xlviii. v. 15. we are See p. 26. In p. 90 he goes still furtold there shall be a profane place for ther: "It is," he observes, “a shockthe city, for dwelling and for suburbs, ing thing to say, but it is true as eviand the city shall be in the midst dent, that the English part of the Jewish nation are farther removed Of the destruction of the local Je- from knowledge, (I will not mention rusalem, in Mathew xxiv. and cor- learning) than any body of the like responding places, Jesus Christ said number of people, and yet abundantly much. Of a local restoration of that rich to provide for the improvement city or its material temple, not a word, of their offspring, which they bring His temple is his Church, and the peo- up as if the human character was not ple who defend it; and whether the improveable in progression with motestimony of Mr. L. Cohen, or that dern discoveries. Let it not shock of Jesus Christ is to be received all my readers to be told here, that bemay judge. If the Rev. G. Faber, yond a very small number indeed of Mr. J. Bicheno, and other fanciful our people, who are happy enough to divines, without either intending to possess a little more intelligence than invalidate our Lord's testimony, or the mass of their brethren, there is corrupt the morals of society, continue not one in an hundred who can conto feed the prejudices of these igno- strue a simple paragraph in a newsrant Jews, by fostering their hopes paper, &c. and yet they are as careless of a local restoration, it can only be of learning as ever." What a contrast ascribed to the strength and preva- to the state of literature among the lence of millenarian opinions, found- Jews on the continent, as stated in ed more upon tradition than reason the New Sanhedrin already quoted! or revelation. The late Dr. Gill But as a stronger proof that the illuprobably entertained a better idea minating spirit of the sciences and of the true restoration of the Jews true religion has not yet visited some than any of his compeers who have of the best informed among the Engwritten most elaborately upon the lish Jews, the memorialist informs us subject. He says, "he was per- that Mr. G.'s family, and many others, suaded that in 1735, when the bill believe in magical secrets, and the passed the Commons for naturalizing supernatural preparations of the the Jews, that it would not conti- adepts. The following is then given mue;" because, probably, looking at from the report of " living and creUNIVERSAL MAG. VOL. X. -D June 18, 1808. CHRISTIANUS. REASONS for the IMMUNITIES EN- ditalle persons, who do not study to ter, did I not allow that even among deceive others more than themselves!!!" the English Jews there are many who Mr. De Falk, at Mr. Goldsmid's despise such tales. And as to the suptable one day, was invited to call on a posed harsh measures used by the gentleman who resided in the Chapter French government to compel the House, St. Paul's Church-yard, and Jews to purchase rustic property, and have some conversation with him in to till their own land, I have heard a friendly way, on some curious sub- some English Jews, examples of inject. But when," says the gentle- dustry in their own persons and their man," will you come? Upon which families, declare, their brethren on he pulled out a small piece of wax the continent as well able to become candle from his pocket, and giving it agriculturists and vine-dressers now, to him, said, Light this up, Sir, as they were when in Palestine; and when you get home, and I shall be express their conviction that in a with you as soon as it goes out. After short time they may be even thankful watching this light all day and night, for this wholesome compulsion; he did not find it the least lessened which, we may add, will naturally from what it appeared to be when he tend to dignify them in the eyes of first took it. He then removed it to society, beyond any other measures a closet where it might be out of the hitherto adopted. way, expecting it to go out, and Mr. Falk to arrive that minute. Upwards of three weeks elapsed, and the inch of candle was still burning on the morning of the day that De Falk called in the evening in a hackney coach, and surprised the gentleman, who had given over all hopes of seeing him soon, as the candle shewed no signs of diminution, but kept burning as ber, he will find by consulting Bufbrightly as at first. As soon as mufon's, or any other Natural History, tual civilities were over, the gentle- that mackarel is a fish, which, of all man went up stairs to look at his can- others, will the soonest taint after dle in the closet, and to his utter sur- being taken: it is, therefore, allowed prise, found it gone as well as the stick to be cried through the streets of Lonit stood in. When he returned to Mr. don, on account of the impossibility De Falk he expressed his astonish- of keeping it fresh till the following ment, and enquired if the agent that day. Milk, your correspondent must removed it would return the candle- observe, may be, and certainly is, had stick, "O yes," replied De Falk, on a Saturday, for that day's use you have it now in the kitchen be- only. Cows must be milked on a low." It was sought after, and found Sunday, otherwise both they and as related, under the dresser. We their milk would be injured; which are further informed that the same is not the case with other commodiMilk magician used sometimes to pawn his ties, such as roots, herbs, &c. plate at Mr. Bunn's, in Houndsditch; is, therefore, allowed to be cried on but it sometimes happened that the Sunday, not only to accommodate articles found their way back from the inhabitants with it, immediately Mr. Bunn's house to the owner, be- from the cow; but likewise to benefit fore the premium and interest were the cow-keeper, who could not so well paid. Another time Mr. De Falk dispose of it when kept a whole day stopped the progress of a raging fire and night. If this explanation is conwhich threatened the synagogue, only sidered satisfactory, your inserting it by writing four Hebrew letters on will oblige, the pillars of a door, when the wind suddenly changed, and the fire immediately subsided! Thus much for Jewish faith; but I should not do justice to their charac Bolton-le-moors, Yours, &c. SOLUTIO. THE BEE.-No. IX. omnia nos. sentiments of modesty and piety rare Floriferis ut apes in saltibus omnia libant, ly to be found in a conqueror surLUCRETIUS. rounded with glory. On his return into Saxony, soon after the battle of Butzen, the people received him with LORD PETERBOROUGH. HE viceroy, who commanded the most enthusiastic acclamations. Tin Barcelonia in 1705, being Turning to his chaplain, Fabricius, ORIGIN OF A SINGULAR POLISH CUSTOM. obliged to surrender it to his lordship, he said, "All this really hurts me: agreed with him upon the articles of but I hope God will not punish me capitulation. But, before they were for the folly of this people. Do not signed, they were surprised by the you see that these people consider me most frightful cries from the city. as something more than human? "You have deceived us, my lord," Great God! thou art my witness, said the viceroy: "we have depend- how very different these vain aped upon your honour, and yet the plauses are from the sentiments of English have entered the town by my heart!" the ramparts. They murder: they plunder: they violate." "You must be mistaken," said his lordship, The Polish noblemen have their "they are the troops of the Prince of heads shaved, with the exception Darmstadt. Only suffer me and my only of a circular patch of short hair, English to go into the city; we will about three or four inches diameter, soon put a stop to their devastations," on the crown. The origin of this He ran into the city with some of his custom took its rise as far back as the troops, and found the Germans commencement of the reign of Casisearching the houses of the principal mir I. in the year 1041. After the inhabitants. He made them quit death of Miecislaw II. (the father of their plunder, and drove them from Casimir), Richsa, his widow, bethe city. He found the Duchess of came regent of the kingdom during Popoli surrounded by the soldiers, the long interregnum which ensued. who were using her with great rudeness, whom he safely delivered to her husband; and having restored peace to the city, he returned to the gate, and signed the capitulation. CHARLES XII. Richsa was an ambitious and unprincipled woman; and her oppressive exactions raised at length such commotions, that she was compelled to a precipitate flight into Saxony for the security of her own person and that The Princess Lubomirsky, (who, of the young prince. Casimir, an in 1705, was in the interest of Au- only son, was soon after conveyed to gustus, King of Poland, then at war Lutetia, (Paris), a city, renowned with Sweden) to avoid the confusion even at this early period as the seat that prevailed in that unhappy coun- of the sciences and of polite manners. try, fed privately into Germany, but Here he was instructed in all the was waylaid and taken, with her learning and accomplishments of the plate, jewels, and a considerable sum time. Meanwhile, the Poles, having of money, by Lieutenant-colonel Ha- passed through all the forms of anargen, a Swedish officer. As soon as chy, were at length urged by their Charles heard of this adventure, he distress to wish for a king, and it was wrote, with his own hand, to the resolved to recall their lawful prince. colonel,-" As I do not make war But the place of his retreat was unwith women, you will, as soon as known. Casimir, chagrined at his you receive this, set your prisoner at degradation, became disgusted with liberty, and restore all that belongs the world, and had sought an asylum to her: and if you think the rest of in the Abbey of Clugni. Here the the way not sufficiently safe for her Polish ambassadors ultimately found to travel, you will escort her yourself him, and explained the object of their to the borders of Saxony." mission. But the prince was no longer at liberty. He had already The great Gustavus Adolphus, like passed his noviciate, and had even be our immortal Lord Nelson, in the come a deacon. From these sacred midst of his conquests, preserved engagements, none but the Pope GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. 2 could liberate him; and which he who by an alternate motion of their at length consented to do only on the feet, kept the cloth in perpetual rofollowing conditions:-1, That the tation. One of them, in the mean Poles should contribute each an an- time, sung the verse, and all the rest nual sum of money in perpetuity, for at once joined in the chorus. And the maintenance of a lamp in the even at this day, when these songs church of St. Peter.-2, That all the are sung in genteel company, a lady's nobles, on great festivals, during the handkerchief or a gentleman's bonsacrifice, should wear about the neck net supplies the place of the piece of a stole of linen, similar to that worn cloth, every one laying hold of a corby the priests and deacons.-3, That ner. The time of this species of the Poles thenceforward should all singing is not so quick as that of the wear their hair in the form of a reel, nor so slow as the Jurram. It crown, after the manner of the monks is, however, exceedingly lively, and of that period. justifies what a French gentleman RIGHT OF NOBILITY IN POLAND. observed of the Scots music: La According to the ancient Polish musique Eccossoise sur tout pour le laws, the circumstances constituting a divertissement et toucher le cœur. noble were either the actual possession of a freehold estate, or the being able to prove descent from ancestors formerly possessing a freehold estate; the following of no trade, nor profession, and the being at liberty to chuse his place of abode. ILLUSTRATION OF A CURIOUS Some Observations upon the Rhetoric of the BAR, the PULPIT, and the SENATE; together with cursory remarks upon the mechanical part of Oratory. By Mr. YELVERTON. SIR, THE HE indulgence which you shewed to my observations upon Mr. William Shaw in his "Ana- Thomson, (See vol. ix. p. 125) a conlysis of the Gaelic Language," gives tinuation of which I shall shortly have the following curious illustration of a the pleasure of sending you, induces Scotch custom." There is a species me to offer you the following reof poetry," says he, "peculiar to the marks upon the subject of oratory. Gael, called Jurram and Orain lu- Rhetoric is, itself, a captivating and athaidh. The music of the Jurram an alluring science. Among the vahas always that mixture of grandeur rious methods adopted to interest and and melancholy that never fails to direct the passions of mankind, this gain its end. They are sung on has been one which, from the earliest board of ships and buirlings by the ages of civilised society, has been emsailors when they row or work, to de- ployed. Cicero, indeed, attributes its ceive the time. The subject is gene- invention to the man who first perrally the life and actions of some chief suaded his fellow creatures to congreor relation. The language is such as gate into society. to express the sentiments and actions Every man, however uncultivated described; the music, expression, his mind may be, possesses the rhetoand stroke of the oars, coinciding in ric of nature: the spontaneous warmth such exact time, both the sailor and and energy of language which flow the passenger forget their hardships from strong internal sensations. This and fatigue, even in the most incle- rhetoric, often more eloquent than ment seasons. The Orain luathaidh, that which is the offspring of study, with the same view, is sung when forms a kind of natural barrier against they work on shore, and derives its the oppressions of despotism under name from luathaidh, milling or every shape. That it often appears, fulling. Till very lately, fulling of with sublime energy, in the untucloths by mills was not known in the tored savage, the following instance, Highlands, and in some parts is not selected from many, will prove. yet introduced. They fulled their A negro who was being tried, after cloth by laying it wet on an extended having made a manly speech, was frame of rods wattled together, around told that the torture should make which were placed as many women him confess his crimes. His veins as could conveniently be employed, swelled with indignation: his frame |