that body to give them English names. The elder brother had been called Mooanum and Wamsutta; the other had first been Pomartarkim, and then Metacom. The Court now named them Alexander-Pokanoket and Philip, after the great kings of Macedon.

With all Massasoit's friendship for the English, he ever repelled Christianity; and in his later years, while selling the land where Swansea now stands, he earnestly desired to insert in the deed a prohibition of efforts to convert the natives there. His sons shared his feelings; and Philip, while at peace with the whites, answered even Eliot's exhortations with expressions of contempt for the Gospel. So Uncas, the steadfast ally of the whites, always resisted the conversion of his people. And the Narraganset chiefs, while carrying their regard for Roger Williams to the extent of patiently listening to his wearisome monthly sermons, took care that he should not make any proselytes among their subjects; for when the praying Indians sought the precincts of civilization, the sachem could exact no more tribute or service from them, and the powahs saw that their craft was in danger. Hence Alexander - who survived his accession but two years and his successor, Philip, brooded over the decay of their power and their system of religion until they allowed themselves to become hostile and treacherous to the protectors who had so long stood between them and Narraganset bondage.

OTHER DEATHS.

Of the forty-one signers of the Compact, only nineteen survived the Colony's first year; but five of these outlived Bradford. One was Allerton, who long before had departed in dishonor. The others were Howland, Alden, Cooke, Soule, and Doty; of whom the first two will be noticed hereafter.

FRANCIS COOKE had "expended a considerable estate" in promoting the Colony. He died in 1663, aged about eightyone, at which time he had for years been a great-grandfather; yet Hester, his French Walloon wife, survived him. His son

1663-94-1

COOKE. SOULE.-DOTEY.

475 John, a boy of the "Mayflower," was ten times a deputy from Plymouth, and many years a deacon; but in the Quaker troubles was excommunicated, - probably for joining Isaac Robinson's opposition to the proscriptive laws of the Prence cra. John was a pioneer in the Lakeville region; and in 1676 joined in resettling Dartmouth. He then connected himself with Obadiah Holmes' Baptist Church at Newport, and is said to have preached at Dartmouth. His Baptist connection did not prevent his frequent election to the Plymouth General Court as deputy from Dartmouth. He was living in 1694, when he was the only surviving male passenger by the "Mayflower." 1

GEORGE SOULE died in 1680. He was a pioneer at Duxbury, from which town for five years he was a deputy. He carly married Mary Bucket (Becket), of the "Anne," who died in 1677, leaving a large family, through which the name has descended.

EDWARD DOTEY, who died before Bradford, is the only signer to be now accounted for. He married Faith Clark, whose father, Thurston Clark, was frozen to death, December, 1661, while on his way by land from Plymouth to Duxbury. The family is most creditably represented as Doten in Plymouth, and elsewhere as Dotey, Doty, and Doughty. Edward died in 1655, leaving £140. His son, Edward, Jr., who had married Sarah, sister of Elder Faunce, was drowned, with his own son, John, in 1663, while sailing from Plymouth for Boston. The senior Dotey was a thrifty, active citizen; but his public service was mainly in the court, where he often appeared as plaintiff, defendant, juror, or prisoner. It is due to him to add that his presence in the latter rôle was solely for assaults with fist or tongue; as the pugnacity which led him into the Colony's early and only duel remained with him, and caused his arraignment so late as 1651. His sons inherited something of his affinity for the court-room, and, like him, were energetic, useful citizens. Especially was he honored by his great-great-grandson, James Otis, the eminent patriot.

1 Bradford's Hist., 455; 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., viii. 251.

For Dotey it may be said that there was a surprising amount of litigation in the Colony, although from such a population one would rather expect arbitrations and boards of conciliation. With the exception of Elder Brewster, there was hardly a citizen of note who was not at some time a party before the court. It is a curious fact that among the rarest of litigants was Myles Standish, who appeared only twice on his own account, once in 1641, when his dog was killed by John Rowe (whom he made pay £2); and the other case in 1649, when his sheep had been worried by the dog of Benjamin Eaton (who paid 30s.). Save as the old soldier resented cruelty to his animals, he set a rare example of peace.

Thus of the "Mayflower's" forty-one men, there were but four to follow Bradford to his grave; of the eighteen matrons, doubtless Mrs. Susanna Winslow was the only survivor; but of the children and youths, there may have been some fifteen. At the close of 1679, twelve of " the old stock" were living (viz., Mr. and Mrs. Alden, Mrs. Winslow, Mrs. Howland, George Soule, Giles Hopkins, John Cooke, Resolved White, Henry Sampson, Samuel Fuller, second, Samuel Eaton, Mary Allerton-Cushman). In 1690 only Cooke, White, and Mrs. Cushman remained; and in 1699 the death of the last forever closed this sacred roll.

CHAPTER LVII.

GOVERNOR PRENCE.-THE QUAKER TROUBLES.

The Drence

HOMAS PRENCE, son of Thomas of Lechdale,

THO

a

Gloucestershire, early became a leader. In 1624 he married Patience Brewster; she dying in 1634, he next year married Mary, daughter of William Collier, the richest man in the Colony; in 1662 his third marriage was with the widow of Samuel Freeman. As his only son died young, the Governor did not transmit his name; but through his seven daughters his posterity is large, under the names of Freeman, Howland, Tracy, Barker, Mayo, Snow, Howes, and others. He was early at Duxbury, and a pioneer at Eastham. He was governor in 1634 and 1638, and from Bradford's death to his own (1657 to 1673). He was an assistant at least twenty-two years; a commissioner, thirteen; and Colonial treasurer in 1637. He also held various special trusts, civil and military.

In 1654, the English Government having ordered that Plymouth extend her authority over all the settlers on the lower Kennebec, the Colony deputed Prence, who assembled the settlers at Merry-meeting Bay, near the Kennebec's mouth. Sixteen planters having readily sworn fidelity to England, and also to New Plymouth, proceeded to choose Mr. Thomas Purchase as their magistrate, a choice which Prence confirmed. (See Chapter XXXIX.) A few simple

laws were agreed upon, but grave offences were to be tried at Plymouth. Thomas Southworth, who was then in charge of the Plymouth trading-house, higher up the river, was also made a magistrate, and was to co-operate with Purchase. Prence's mission was then ended, and the Pilgrim Republic had reached the dignity of holding a colony.

In 1638 Plymouth leased her Kennebec trade for one sixth its profits, and from this rent built her first prison (1639-41). In 1651 a new lease was made for three years, at £50 a year; and again, in 1654, for seven years, at £35 a year. In 1661 she sold the entire territory for £400. The purchasers, by calling themselves the Plymouth Company, have misled some writers, for from the time of this sale neither Plymouth nor any of her people had any connection with the region. (It is a curious fact that the deed did not pass until 1665, and was not recorded until 1719.)

The records so far depart from their usual course as to notice Prence's appearance, saying:

"He was excellently qualified for the office of governor. He had a countenance full of majesty, and therein, as well as otherwise, was a terror to evil-doers."

Prence was just the man, as to dignity, wealth, and orthodox zeal, to be cordially received by the leaders at the Bay, and by the Colonial Commissioners, who represented the dominant bigotry of the younger and greater Colonies. His father-in-law, Collier, was an apostle of the same school. Under these influences Prence became yet more rigid and harsh. With a gentle but steady pressure in the opposite direction, his record must have been more pleasant to review. Still, it is no small thing in his favor that in the uneasy year of Bradford's death Prence was chosen governor by a unanimous ballot; and when, in 1663, he moved from Eastham to Plymouth, that Colony established for him a yearly salary of £50, and provided him with an official dwelling.

Prence had no sooner assumed Bradford's duties than he was confronted by a set of fanatics who forced their way