"History is but the essence of innumerable biographies."- Thomas Carlyle.

THE

TWENTIETH CENTURY

BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

OF

NOTABLE AMERICANS

BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
ADMINISTRATORS, CLERGYMEN
COMMANDERS, EDITORS, ENGINEERS
JURISTS, MERCHANTS, OFFICIALS
PHILANTHROPISTS, SCIENTISTS

STATESMEN AND OTHERS WHO
ARE MAKING AMERICAN HISTORY

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ROSSITER JOHNSON, PH. D., LL. D.

EDITOR OF THE ANNUAL CYCLOPÆDIA AND ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA

MANAGING EDITOR

JOHN HOWARD BROWN

WITH WHOM ARE ASSOCIATED MANY EMINENT CONTRIBUTORS

VOLUME VIII

MOUL PYNE

BOSTON

THE BIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

1904