Secretary Root's Record: "Marked Severities" in Philippine Warfare. An Analysis of the Law and Facts Bearing on the Action and Utterances of President Roosevelt and Secretary Root |
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action acts American arms army arrested and confined Balangiga barbarity barrios Batangas and Laguna brigade Brigadier-general burning captured Catbalogan charges civilized warfare Colonel commanding officers convicted court court-martial crimes cruelty death Department disloyal duty enemy evidence facts February February 17 Filipinos fire Funston given guilty headquarters HERBERT WELSH hostile Ibid inhabitants insurgents insurrection investigation J. F. BELL justified killed laws of war letter Lieutenant looting Luzon Macabebe scouts Macabebes MacArthur Major Mallory Major Waller Manila ment Metcalf military necessity murder offence Otis persons Philippine Islands practice President presidente prisoners prisoners of war provinces of Batangas provisions pueblos punish quoted reconcentrado camps record regiment retaliation rules Samar says Secretary of War Secretary Root SECT Senate Document 205 sentence shot Smith soldiers Station Commanders Tagalog Telegraphic circular testimony tion torture town trial troops War Department water cure witnesses words wounded
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Page 7 - Commission should bear in mind that the government which they are establishing is designed not for our satisfaction, or for the expression of our theoretical views, but for the happiness, peace, and prosperity of the people of the Philippine Islands...
Page 78 - The law of war does not allow proclaiming either an individual belonging to the hostile army, or a citizen, or a subject of the hostile government an outlaw, who may be slain without trial by any captor, any more than the modern law of peace allows such international outlawry; on the contrary, it abhors such outrage.
Page 92 - ... armies were depopulated. The agricultural inhabitants were herded in and about the garrison towns, their lands laid waste and their dwellings destroyed. This policy the late Cabinet of Spain justified as a necessary measure of war and as a means of cutting off supplies from the insurgents. It has utterly failed as a war measure. It was not civilized warfare. It was extermination.
Page 75 - Finally, it should be the earnest and paramount aim of the military administration to win the confidence, respect and affection of the inhabitants of the Philippines by assuring...
Page 79 - A prisoner of war remains answerable for his crimes committed against the captor's army or people, committed before he was captured, and for which he has not been punished by his own authorities.
Page 99 - Office, 1863, which order promulgates the instructions for the government of the armies of the United States in the field.
Page 83 - Military necessity admits of all direct destruction of life or limb of armed enemies, and of other persons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable in the armed contests of the war...
Page 85 - Government alone releases captives according to rules prescribed by itself. 75. Prisoners of war are subject to confinement or imprisonment such as may be deemed necessary on account of safety, but they are to be subjected to no other intentional suffering or indignity.
Page 82 - Military necessity, as understood by modern civilized nations, consists in the necessity of those measures which are indispensable for securing the ends of the war, and which are lawful according to the modern law and usages of war.
Page 103 - No. 100, of 1863 (Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field), and to have been decided in favor of the permanency of these regulations.