corn pounded to powder (63), which put to a little water they ate. He had a little tobacco in a bag; but none of them drunk, but when he listed. Some of them had their faces painted black (64), from the forehead to the chin, four or five fingers broad: others after other fashions, as they liked. They brought three or four skins; but we would not truck with them all that day, but wished them to bring more, and we would truck for all; which they promised within a night or two, and would leave these behind them, though we were not willing they should; and they brought all our tools again, which were taken in the woods, in our men's absence (65). So because of the day we dismissed them, so soon as we could. But Samoset, our first acquaintance, either was sick, or feigned himself so, and would not go with them, and stayed with us till Wednesday morning. Then we sent him to them, to know the reason they came not according to their words; and we gave him a hat, a pair of stockings and shoes, a shirt, and a piece of cloth to tie about his waist.

41. Thursday, the twenty-secondth of March, was a fair warm day. About noon we met again about our publick business; but we had scarce been an hour together, but Samoset came again, and Squanto (66), the only native of Patuxet, where we now inhabit, who was one of the twenty captives that by Hunt were carried away, and had been in England, and dwelt in Cornhill with Master John Slanie, a merchant, and could speak a little English, with three others: and they brought with them some few skins to truck, and some red herrings, newly taken and dried, but not salted; and signified unto us, that their great sagamore, Massasoyt, was hard by, with Quadequina, his brother, and all their men. They

could

(63) Nokehick, generally pronounced at present nokake, made of Indian corn, parched, and afterwards reduced to meal, and sifted through a basket. See Williams' Key, chap. II. and Gookin's Coll. chap. III. § 5.

(64) See Williams' Key, chap. XXX. and Gookin's Coll. chap. III. il.

(65) See Prince's Ann. p. 98.

(66) Or Tisqauntum. See par. 48.

could not well express in English what they would; but after an hour the king came to the top of an hill (67) over against us, and had in his train sixty men, that we could well behold them, and they us. We were not willing

We

to send our governour to them, and they unwilling to come to us : so Squanto went again unto him, who brought word that we should send one to parley with him, which we did, which was Edward Winslow, to know his mind, and to signify the mind and will of our governour, which was to have trading and peace with him. sent to the king a pair of knives, and a copper chain, with a jewel in it. To Quadequina we sent likewise a knife, and a jewel to hang in his ear, and withal a pot of strong water, a good quantity of biscuit, and some butter, which were all willingly accepted.

42. Our messenger made a speech unto him, That king James saluted him with words of love and peace, and did accept of him as his friend and ally; and that our governour desired to see him and to truck with him, and to confirm a peace with him as his next neighbour. He liked well of the speech, and heard it attentively, though the interpreters did not well express it. After he had eaten and drunk himself, and given the rest to his company, he looked upon our messenger's sword and armour which he had on, with intimation of his desire to buy it; but, on the other side, our messenger showed his unwillingness to part with it. In the end he left him in the custody of Quadequina, his brother, and came over the brook, and some twenty men following him, leaving all their bows and arrows behind them. We kept six or seven as hostages for our messenger. Captain Standish and Mr. Williamson met the king at the brook, with half a dozen musketeers. They saluted him, and he them so one going over, the one on the one side, and the other on the other, conducted him to an house then in building, where we placed a green rug and three or four cushions. Then instantly came our governour, with a drum and trumpet after him, and some few musketeers. After salutations, our governour kissing his hand, the

(67) Watson's hill, on the south side of Town brook.

king

king kissed him; and so they sat down. The governour called for some strong water, and drunk to him; and he drunk a great draught, that made him sweat all the while after. He called for a little fresh meat, which the king did eat willingly, and did give his followers. Then they treated of peace, which was:

43. First, that neither he nor any of his should injure or do hurt to any of our people.

Secondly, and if any of his did hurt to any of ours, he should send the offender, that we might punish him.

Thirdly, that if any of our tools were taken away, when our people were at work, he should cause them to be restored; and if ours did any harm to any of his, we would do the like to them.

Fourthly, if any did unjustly war against him, we would aid him if any did war against us, he should aid us.

Fifthly, he should send to his neighbour confederates, to certify them of this, that they might not wrong us, but might be likewise comprised in the conditions of

peace.

Sixthly, that when their men came,they should leave their bows and arrows behind them, as we should do our pieces, when we came to them.

Lastly, that doing thus, king James would esteem of him as his friend and ally (68).

44. All which the king seemed to like well; and it was applauded of his followers. All the while he sat by the governour, he trembled for fear. In his person he is a very lusty man, in his best years, an able body, grave of countenance, and spare of speech; in his attire little or nothing differing from the rest of his followers, only in a great chain of white bone beads about his neck; and at it, behind his neck hangs a little bag of tobacco, which he drank and gave us to drink. His face was His face was painted with a sad red like murrey; and oiled both head and face,

that

(68) "This treaty, the work of one day, being honestly intended on both sides, was kept with fidelity as long as Massasoyt lived, but was afterward [in 1675] broken by Philip, his successor." Belknap's Biog. p. 214.

that he looked greasily. All his followers likewise were in their faces, in part or in whole, painted, some black, some red, some yellow, and some white; some with crosses and other antick works; some had skins on them, and some naked; all strong, tall men in appearance. The king had in his bosom, hanging in a string, a great long knife. He marvelled much at our trumpet; and some of his men would sound it as well as they could. Samoset and Squanto stayed all night with us; and the king and all his men lay all night in the wood, not above half an English mile from us, and all their wives and women with them. They said, that within eight or nine days they would come and set corn on the other side of the brook, and dwell there all summer, which is hard by us.

45. That night we kept good watch; but there was no appearance of danger. The next morning divers of their people came over to us, hoping to get some victuals, as we imagined. Some of them told us the king would have. some of us come see him. Captain Standish and Isaac Alderton (69) went venterously, who were welcomed of him after their manner. He gave them three or four ground nuts and some tobacco. We cannot yet conceive, but that he is willing to have peace with us; for they have seen our people sometimes alone two or three in the woods at work and fowling, when as they offered them no harm, as they might easily have done; and especially because he hath a potent adversary, the Narrohigansets (70), that are at war with him, against whom he thinks we may be some strength to him, for our pieces are terrible unto them. This morning they stayed till ten or eleven of the clock; and our governour bid them send the king's kettle, and filled it with peas, which pleased them well; and so they went their way.

46. Friday was a very fair day. Samoset and Squanto still remained with us. Squanto went at noon to fish for eels. At night he came home with as many as he could lift in one hand; which our people were glad of. They were fat and sweet. He trod them out with his feet; and

Hutch. Vol. II. p. 461.

(69) Generally spelled Allerton. Point Alderton, at the entrance of Boston harbour, takes its name from him. (70) Written at present Narraganset.

and so caught them with his hands, without any other instrument.

47. This day we proceeded on with our common business, from which we had been so often hindered by the savages' coming; and concluded both of military orders, and of some laws and orders as we thought behooveful for our present estate and condition; and likewise chose our governour for this year, which was Master John Carver, a man well approved amongst us.

48.

I's

A Journey to Pakanokick.

T seemed good to the company, for many considerations, to send some amongst them to Massasoyt, the greatest commander amongst the savages, bordering about us; partly to know where to find them, if occasion served; as also to see their strength, discover the country, prevent abuses in their disorderly coming unto us, make satisfaction for some conceived injuries to be done on our parts, and to continue the league of peace and friendship between them and us. For these and the like ends, it pleased the governour to make choice of Stephen Hopkins and Edward Winslow, to go unto him ; and having a fit opportunity by reason of a savage called Tisquantum (71), that could speak English, coming unto us with all expedition provided a horseman's coat of red cotton, and laced with a slight lace, for a present, that both they and their message might be acceptable amongst

them.

49. We set forward the tenth (72) of June, about nine o'clock in the morning, our guide resolving that night to rest at Namaschet (73), a town under Massasoyt, and conceived by us to be very near, because the inhabitants flocked so thick upon every slight occasion amongst us;

(71) Or Squanto: See par. 41.

but

(72) "June 10th. being Lord's day, it is very unlikely that they set out then, and is also inconsistent with the rest of the Journal: whereas July 2d. is Monday, when Gov. Bradford says, We sent Mr. Edward Winslow, &c." Prince Ann. p. 105.

(73) Or Namasket: that part of Middleborough, which the English first began to settle. Coll. Hist. Soc. Vol. III. p. 148.