Tyne railway, which is almost entirely a railway for the conveyance of coals, the charges, per chaldron, per mile, is 3d. for haulage and railway dues, or 1·13d. per ton; d. per chaldron, per mile, for finding waggons, or 19; and 6d. per chaldron for shipping coals, each chaldron being 53 cwt.

But as, in the comparison with other modes of conveyance of heavy goods, these articles are always loaded and unloaded at the expense of the carriers, we shall not include that part of the charges; the entire cost, therefore, of conveying coals upon that line is 1.32d. per ton, per mile.

We have been favoured with the particulars of the cost of repairs, of the locomotive engines upon the Stanhope and Tyne railway, for the years 1835 and 1836.

We find, therefore, that the repairs of these engines, on the average of the two years of 1835 and 1836, amount to about 111d. per ton, per mile, gross load, or •237d. per ton, per mile, of goods.

In the Appendix, (Notes I. K.,) we give the particulars of the above expenses, arranged under the different heads of cost; from these, it will be seen, that a very great proportion indeed of these expenses consists of labour; or, in taking to pieces, and in obtaining access to the parts requiring repair, and that little more than one half the cost consists of materials; arising almost entirely from the construction of the engines, in placing all the machinery underneath the boiler, and by putting it into as small a space as possible. Mr. Harrison has attempted to diminish the expense of repairs, by placing the boiler and the machinery upon different carriages, with a steam-tight universal joint, of a very ingenious construction, to communicate between the boiler and cylinders, for which he has obtained a patent. Plate XII. The following Table will shew the wear of wheels of the locomotive engines upon that railroad.

From the preceding table, it will appear, that the wear of wheels, will be about 15,000 miles without turning; these wheels being four feet and a half in diameter.

Upon the Clarence railway, the charges are, haulage 375d. per ton, per mile, railway dues 5d. per ton, per mile; and as the company do not find waggons, if we take the cost the same as the Stanhope and Tyne railway, or 19d. per ton, per mile, the entire charges for conveying coals along that line would therefore be 1.065d. per ton, per mile.

These charges are upon the export coals, or coals shipped; upon coals delivered at the landsale depôts, the charges for railway dues are 1d. per ton per mile, making the entire charge for those coals 1.565d. per ton, per mile.

The Stockton and Darlington railway company charge upon export coals, for haulage, d. per ton, per mile, from which a per-centage is deducted, reducing it to 4d. per ton, per mile; railway dues d. per ton, per mile; and if we take the cost of waggons at 19d., the entire cost for export coals will be 1.09d. per ton, per mile, or a little more than is charged by the Clarence railway company. The charge for railway dues upon depôt or landsale coals is 1d. per ton, per mile, making the entire cost 2·09d. per ton, per mile.

f-Table of the Cost of conveying heavy Goods on Railways.

We have, therefore, the cost or charges made for conveying coals, upon the railways, in the north of England, as per following table.

g-Table of the Cost of conveying Goods and
Passengers on Railways.

Having, therefore, determined the expense of conveyance by locomotive power on railways, both on public railways, for the conveyance of general merchandize, minerals, and passengers; and, likewise, of minerals alone, on public railways, we now give the result in a tabular form, taking the cost on the London and Birmingham railway for the expense of haulage.

TABLE XIV.

Table of the cost of conveyance of goods and passengers by locomotive engines, on railroads.