with none. I will not pretend to decide whether those powers which formerly took up arms against France, truly and honestly desired the re-establishment of the ancient French monarchy; but if they did, it appears very evident to me, not only that they pursued means which were unsuccessful, but which ought to have been unsuccessful. However, let the faults which have been committed serve to prevent others.If the policy too generally adopted in the present age, regardless of the solid advantages which Great-Britain might infallibly promise berself from the execution of this plan, should attempt to hold it up as a phantom, in opposition to the phantom of invasion, she wil assuredly derive infinitely more disgrace than advantage from the manœuvre. A mean and crooked feint is very far indeed from forming a part of that great policy by which the honour and virtue of a country are united for its defence. I am, Sir, &c. &c. &c.

of an Ottoman force, is more quiet than it has been for some time past. Passwan Oglou, kept in awe by this army, attempts no incursions, and the hordes of robbers which have lately infested that province are reduced to subordination. The navigation of the Danube has not been interrupted, and the merchants in the neighbouring towns, prefer conveying their goods by that river, because both the danger and the expense are less than by land conveyance: the Turks, however, have recently established some duties at Widden, Sophia, and Nissa. --A very flourishing trade is now carried on between the Turkish dominions and those of Prussia, and it is said that measures are in contemplation at the courts of the two countries for giving it additional facilities. --The commercial connexions between England and Germany are now maintained by the way of Embden and Dusseldorf: and it is through that channel that the merchants of Upper Germany, along the banks of the Rhine, in the neighbourhood of Franconia, and in Suabia, and Bavaria, obtain their ne cessary supplies of English manufactures.

INTELLIGENCE.

FOREIGN. According to the last accounts from Constantinople, the Ulemas, or learned in the law, headed by the Mufti, on the 9th of October, presented a petition to the Grand Signior, as Supreme Caliph of the faith, praying him to declare a religious war against Abdul Wachab, and erect the holy standard of Mahomet, in order that every true Mussulman might, in obedience to his duty, take up arms against the heretic. The Reis Effendi, it is said, communicated this application to the English Ambassador, and in consequence of his representations on the imprudence of sending so large a proportion of Turkish troops to a part so distant, while a powerful French army was assembled on the shores of the Adriatic, and might, at any time, go over to the Morea, the application of the Ulemas was not acceded to by the Divan.--The Chresales, a tribe of wandering robbers in Macedonia, have begun their ravages, and have thrown the whole province into consternation. Wherever they go they carry fire and sword; pillaging the villages and slaughtering the inhabitants. Ismael Bey of Seres proceeded against them with a large force, but notwithstanding the want of discipline among the Chresales, they have, hitherto, eluded his pursuit. From the strength of Ismael's force it was at first supposed, that they would have been easily dispersed, but the ill success of his attempts, and the additional numbers which they continue to acquire, seem to destroy all prospect of the speedy restoration of tranquillity.Wallachia, in consequence of the presence

way

-Some

The French Government being inform ed that a number of Hanoverian emigrants had assembled at Embden, for the purpose of obtaining a passage for England, made remonstrance to the Court of Berlin against their reception, and required that they should be immediately sent away: this request, however, was not complied with.loads of rice, which were on the from Lubeck to Hamburgh, were lately stopped by the French soldiers stationed between those cities, upon the ground of their being English inerchandize: and it has now become necessary that all merchandizes whatever, should be accompanied with a certifi cate of their being neutral property, in order to be protected from seizure.-Forty-four vessels from Embden, laden with colonial pro duce, have been detained at Antwerp, by order of the French Government, and a commission has been appointed to inquire into their neutrality. - Mad. Le Clerc, the widow of the late General, and the sister of Buonaparté; was lately married to Prince Borghese, at Monfontaine; and, soon after, set out with her husband for Rome.—Atcording to the last accounts from Paris, Buonaparté had not left Boulogne on the 11th of November. He arrived there on the 4th, at about one o'clock, and immedi ately embarked to inspect the preparations in the harbour: be continued on the water until midnight; and, early on the following morning, was again on board the flotilla. He sleeps in his temporary wooden hou.e,

which has been erected in the camp on the right of the town. His whole time is employed in expediting and examining the great military and naval preparations, which are going on at that place, and in the neighbourhood. He had also inspected the preparations at Ambleteuse, and at port Vimereux, and then returned to Boulogne, whence, it is reported, he will proceed towards Flan ders. The Moniteur asserts, that while the men were digging the foundation of his portable house, at Boulogne, they found a hatchet which is supposed to have belonged to the Roman army which invaded England; and, that at Ambleteuse, they found a medal of William the Conqueror.

On

the night of the 9th of October, a dreadful torrent rushed down from the mountains above Funchal, the capital of Madeira, with such violence that nothing could oppose its progress. It continued until the next morning, when it abated, and, before noon, had almost entirely subsided. The injury which was done is not yet exactly known, but it is universally represented to be immense.Letters from Madrid, inserted in the Paris papers, contradict the report of an intended change in the Spanish ministry, which, they say, still possesses the confidence and favour of the King: they declare, however, that both Spain and Portugal have stipulated with France, for the preservation of their neutrality during the war. This measure was effected, it is said, by the interposition of Russia and Prussia.---- According to an official return, dated on the 1st of May, 1803, the inhabitants of New South Wales amounted to seven thousand and ninety-seven persons. including men, women, and children; of whom two thousand nine hundred and four are victualled from the public stock, and the rest are supported by the produce of their own industry.

DOMESTIC. On the 24th of November, the yeomanry of Dublin were relieved from permanent duty; and the inhabitants of the city were permitted to remain from home unil eleven o'clock at night. On the same day, in consequence of some information which had been communicated to the Government, a general search was made for arms, but it is believed that no great quantities were discovered. Three persons were arrested in John Street. on the night of the 25th, and two night after, five others were atrested in a public-house near Firr-house; all charged with treasonable practices. A reward of one hundred pounds has been offered, by proclamation, for the apprehension of the noted robber, Dwyer. In-con-equence of the great inconvenience experienced at Portsmouth from the scarcity of

cash, a meeting was held, pursuant tʊ advertisement, at the Guildhall of that place, on the 22d of November. "The Mayor "presided; and after some discussion cn "the means of alleviating the difficulties "and inconveniences so seriously felt at "Portsmouth and Portsea, for the want of

gold and silver for the purposes of trade, "it was unanimously resolved, that dollars "should be admitted into temporary currency, at 4s. gd. each, but that no person should engage to take more than four "in one payment; and French crowns at "5s. and half crowns at 2s. 6d."--The commissioners appointed by act of Parliament, under the treaty with the United States of America have given notice that, in estimating the loss sustained by claimants, they will, in no case, allow compound interest for the time subsequent to the period, when, it no legal impediments had existed, it might reasonably be supposed that they would have recovered their debt --Mr. Sec. Yorke has written to the Lords Lieutenant near the coast, countermanding the former order for driving off the cattle, &c. &c. on the approach of an enemy; and informing them, that only horses and draught cattle are to be removed, while all the live stock must remain, for the use of his Majesty's forces--On the 25th of November, his Majesty held a chapter of te Knights of the most noble Order of the Garter, for the purpose of electing two Knights of that Order, and disposing of two garters and ribbands, vacant by the death of the Duke of Beauford, and of the Marquis of Stafford. The election took place in due form and order; and, upon examination, it appeared that the Duke of Rutland and the Earl of Hardwicke were the noble persons chosen.On the 29th, Lord Hobart informed the Lord Mayor of London, that the settlement of Berbice had surrendered to his Majesty's arms on the 24th of September: the Park and Tower guns were fired in consequence of this intelligenc

-The Gazette of the 26th contains a pr clamation for subjecting to quarantine al vessels cleared out from Philadelphia, or any other port in Pennsylvania, since the 6th of September; also all vessels from Alexandria, or any other port in Virginia; and also ali from New York since that time. The Gazette of the 24 h, contains an order of Council of the 25th of May, for prohibiting the exportation of naval stores, &c. &c. for six months after the oth of December, when the last order given for the proh bition, will expire.

MILITARY. Accounts have been r ceived from France, of the intention of

the

French government to march an army into the territories of the Duke of Wirtemberg. -Preparations are now making to carry the measure into execution, and a large body of troops is collecting for the purpose.— -All the horses in the city of Hanover have been marked, in order that they may be used, whenever it is necessary, without any distinction. The French are entrenching them. scives very strongly at Nieuburg: a great quantity of artillery has been sent there from Hameln, by the Weser, and fifty field pieces are to be sent from Hanover; and, it is said, that six regiments of the Reserve Army are on the way thither from France. On the side of Fort St. George, at Hameln, they are raising a new and very strong work, which was originally intended to have formed part of the fortress, but was never executed.The French troops collected at Boulogne and in its environs, were reviewed by the First Consul on the 8th of November. They executed various manoeuvres adapted for engaging by night, and the divisions and companies went through several novel operations which are intended to be employed in the invasion of England. The encampment of the army resembles a great town, and the tents, in which the men are lodged, are so carefully constructed that they suffer nothing from the weather. Gen. Soult, who superintends that branch of the service pays particular attention to their health and comfort. The shores, there, are lined with artillery, which is constructed on a new plan, and carries an immense distance.--The French troops in the Marquisate of Ancona and the kingdom of Naples consist of about fifteen thousand men: they are maintained at the expense of his Neapolitan Majesty, who issues the necessary disbursements to the com. mander, in specie; and he, in turn, pays the men with French paper, which the inhabitants are obliged to take in payment. The whole of the troops which are lying along the shores of the Adriatic amount to nearly fifty thousand. It is asserted in some of the papers of the continent, that they are intended to cross to the Morea, and thus penetrate into Turkey, and it is further said, that they have been for some time making preparations for that purpose.Letters both from Venice and Trieste, which have appeared in the Paris papers, state that a body of English troops from Malta has been landed in Egypt. Of this, however, nothing is known in England, and there is every reason to doubt, the truth of the intelligence. On the 19th of September, Gen. Grinfeld and Commodore Hood dispatched Lieut. Col. Nicholson, and-Capt. Bland of the navy, with a detachment of troops on board the

Hereux, Alligator, Netley, and Brilliant transport, to take possession of the Batavian colony of Berbice. They arrived in the river Berbice on the morning of the 23d, and sent a flag of truce to the governor, and the military and naval commanders, requiring them to surrender. The flag of truce teturned early the next day, with persons authorised to settle the terms of the capitulation. The commandant of the Batavian troops, however, refused to sanction the surrender without consulting the officers under his command; it was, therefore, agreed that the Netley schooner and a small transport, should pass the bar and wait for his answer. The flag of truce not arriving in the expect ed time, they proceeded to pass the forts, when an officer was sent off with the Commandant's agreement, requesting, at the same time, that the British troops might not land until the following day. This was agreed to, and accordingly, on the 25th of September, the colony was surrendered to his Majesty's arms. It is stipulated, in the articles of capitulation, that the inhabitants and their property shall be placed on the same footing as those of Demarara, but that all the shipping shall be given up; that the judiciary establishments shall continue as they are, during the war, but that all appeals shall be made to his Majesty; that the paper currency of the colony shall retain its value; that the debts due by the colony shall be paid out of the fund of the colony; that the produce of the United States of America shall be exchanged for that of the colony in the same manner, as the British colonies; that all fair and legal grants of land which have been made shall be respected; that during two years, persons having property in the coun try shall be permitted to dispose of it and withdraw it; and that the troops and seamen taken in the colony, shall be made prisoners of war.--The following is the return of the prisoners of war in the colonies of Demarara, Essequibo, and Berbice : At the two former,-1 lieut. colonel, 2 majors, 1 adjutant, 10 captains, 26 first lieutenants, 1 quar ter-master, 3 surgeons, 5 assistant surgeons, 177 serjeants, 20 drummers, and 685 rank and file:At the latter,-1 lieut. colonel, 4 captains, 10 first lieutenants, 6 second lieutenants, 1 quarter-master, 1 surgeon, 6 assistant surgeons, 1 cadet, 26 serjeants, 10 drummers, and 563 rank and file:-and on board the Hippomenes and the Serpent, 4 officers and 71 men.

NAVAL.There has lately been some doubt whether the naval preparations of the Batavian Republic are so great as was supposed. Most accounts, however, represent them to be very considerable, and some

say, that the number of vessels, boats, &e. which she will furnish to assist in the invasion, is upwards of twelve hundred. Part of these will proceed along the shore, or by the Scheldt to Belgium; and the others will sail directly from the ports of the Republic, with the troops which they are to carry.- Marine Commissioners have been sent to inspect the naval preparations at Amsterdam, and the Texel; and others will be sent to inspect those on the Maese, and in Zealand.--Two divisions of the Flotilla at Ostend are armed, and one in a state of readiness to proceed immediately on the expedition.--Great numbers of seamen and fishermen on the coast of Flanders have been put into requisition, and more than two hundred merchant vessels and large fishing-boats have been taken by Government for transporting cavalry. The fourth division of gun-boats built at Dunkirk, is only waiting for an opportunity of proceeding to Boulogne.--The naval preparations at Boulogne are now very great, and additional detachments are almost daily arriving. Besides those which lately got into that harbour from Dunkirk, three other divisions have arrived safely: one was from Etaples; one consisting of twenty, from Dieppe; and the other with a brigade of light troops on board, from Havre-deGrace. These boats pass along as near the shore as possible, and by that means, are protected by the artillery stationed along the coast for that purpose. Floating batteries, capable of carrying ninety guns each, are building at Boulogne; and some very long cables, which are twenty-seven inches thick, and weigh upwards of seven tons each, have been sent there for the vessels from Dunkirk.--A squadron of boats bound from Calais to Dieppe, were opposed at the entrance of the latter place by some English vessels, which formed a line to prevent their passing: the gunboats, however, forced the line, and after sinking one of the English boats, entered the port. A division of twenty armed boats lately sailed from Cherbourg, and another of twenty-five, is in readiness, and only waits for a favourable wind. ——On the 27th of October thirteen gun-boats and five merchant ships which had been taken for the use of Government, went from St. Maloes to the port where they are to assemble, and, on the next day, were followed by thirteen others, for the same place. There are now ready at St. Maloes, an hundred and fifty-six flat-bottomed boats, which will proceed to the place of their destination in the course of a few days. Notwithstanding, the severe gales which have

blown for some time past, Admiral Lord Cornwallis is still on his station, blockading Brest; and Sir Edward Pellew continues off Ferrol.――On the 15th of November, Capt. Dunbar, in his Majesty's ship Poulette, fell in with a convoy of about thirty sail, escorted by a French national brig, and several other armed vessels, standing eastward from Cherbourg. Cupt. Dunbar, immediately attacked them, drove the whole of them on the rocks of Cape la Hogue, and afterwards succeeded in taking three of them, notwithstanding a smart fire from the shore.--On the 17th inst. his Majesty's frigate Circe, of 32 guns, was lost: she was in chase of a French privateer, and struck the ground, from which accident she made so much water that the crew was obliged to leave her; and she went down soon after.The severe press of seamen which lately took place in England, aud Scotland was extended to Ireland, where it was exercised with greater rigour than has been known for many years.

SUMMARY OF POLITICS.

VOLUNTEER CORPS.

The observations, which have, from time to time, been offered to the public, upon this subject, seem to have, at last, produced some effect; and, people are now beginning seriously to think of the danger of placing much reliance on any sort of force but that of the regular army. The expense, too, has already been felt, and has awakened a spirit of inquiry. Comparisons are made, and the result is always disadvantageous to the volunteer system. The immobility of the corps; the insubordination manifested by many of them; the imminent danger of mixing them with the regular regiments; the influence they may exercise as clubs and as an affiliation. As to all these points, the public appear to be forming a pretty accurate opinion; yet, we frequently hear, amongst those, who are willing to see hope in every thing but their own exertions, and who shut their eyes against danger, only be cause they are too cowardly to look it in the face; amongst such persons, we do still hear it asked: "If volunteers saved America and

France, why should not volunteers save England also? As much mischief might arise from the further circulation of this plausible falacy, it is right to endeavour to arrest its progress.The position, though stated in a shape at once interrogatory and hypothetical, though commencing with an if and closing with a mark of interrogation, is, as to the meaning intended to be conveyed, full as positive as if it were divested of those two

circumstances, and, amounts to an assertion, that volunteers saved America and France, and therefore, volunteers can save England also. -Were one to admit the premises to be true, the conclusion would not follow; unless it were previously proved, that the salvation effected in America and France was of the same sort as that which we hope to provide for in England, and also that the volunteers of those countries were of the same sort as our volunteers, and employed in the same manner as ours are, and are intended to be, employed. As to the first point, one would think, that some of the advocates of the volunteer system, and particularly those, who, like Mr. Sheridan, have recently been -siezed with a hot fit of loyalty, would not regard America and France as having been saved, but, rather, as having been lost, by the military exertions made during their revolu tionary wars. From that sort of salvation, which consists of successful revolt, of the murder of a monarch, of the exile of a royal family, of the exchange of rational liberty, under the mild sway of a lawful prince, for the odious and capricious tyranny of a democratic rabble, or that of a low bred ironhearted usurper; from this sort of salvation, God in his mercy, preserve us! Here, however, it will, probably, be objected, that it is merely as military men that the volunteers are to be considered; and, that, be the cause, in which they are engaged, what it may; be the contest for monarchy or democracy, for or against the lawful prince, the force of the volunteers is to be regarded as the same. But, to say nothing of the inconsistency of those, who use an argument like this, while, in the next breath, they hold out the righteous views of our volunteers as sufficient to supply the place both of discipline and experience, it may be safely asserted, in the words of a member of the American Congress, that the same things, which are best calculated to pull down, are worst calculated to uphold, a government: "town"meetings and military committees," said he, "were very good for the purpose of de

stroying the colonial tyranny" [so he was pleased to call it]" of the British King

and parliament, but, the moment that was "done, before we could venture to raise "other governments in their stead, the military committees were abolished." That the military associations, formed, in England and Scotland, under the name of volunteer corps, are not less formidable than they were in America, will be readily allowed by all those, who are in the least acquainted with the conditions, on which they have agreed to be held together. The " Declaration," as it is termed, of one of these corps, states,

in substance, as follows: FIRST: that the affairs of the corps be managed by a committee to be appointed quarterly, and to consist of one field officer, one captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, one serjeant, and sixteen privates, seven to be a quorum, of which sir must be privates. The other field officers may be present and deliver their sentiments at all meetings of the committee; but only one shall be entitled to vote.--SECONDLY: that the field officers, to sit in the committee, be elected in rotation, concurring with the colonel; the other officers to be selected by, and out of, their respective ranks; and the privates to be elected by, and out of, their respective companies. All the officers and one balf of the privates to be changed at every new election, and no one to be eligible for more than two quarters in succession.THIRDLY: that the committee meet twice in every month, and at any other times the superior officer or the committee may, upon due notice given, direct.-FOURTHLY: that the committee shall, whenever request. ed by twenty-one members of the corps, call a general meeting of the corps, to be held within seven days after the request shall be transmitted to the committee.- -There is, further, a sub-committee to manage the finances of the corps.The commissioned officers are to be elected by a ballot of the whole corps; and the non-commissioned officers are to be elected by, and out of, their respective companies. The grand committee, that is to say, a quorum of one officer and six privates, have fall power, to admit or reject, any person proposed as a member of the corps; to grant leave of absence; to admit of apologies for disobedience of orders, &c.; to fix days and hours for drilling, muster, and field-days; to fine, censure, or expel any member or members of the corps, officers not excepted; to appoint a court

of honour" for the deciding of disputes, and for preventing the disputants from seeking

any other mode of redress;" to grant leave of resigning; and, finally, to propose new rules and regulations, or the abolition of those already agreed on. Whether the person, who traced out this "Declaration," borrowed a leaf from the book of the Cor responding Societies, or whether he were so fortunate as to obtain access to the prolific pigeon-holes of the Abbé Sieyes, will, per haps, never be known; but, certain it is, that a system of government more republican, more democratie, more immediately growing out of "the rights of man and of a citizen," never yet appeared in the world. As to the life, which a commanding officer of a corps like this must lead, it is, on his own account, but of little consequence; for, the man,

who