Soudan is Lord of 5 Kyngdomes that he hathe conquered and apropred to him be strengthe.'-Voiage and Travaile, p. 42, ed. 1727. Chaucer, in The Remedie of Love, says: 'But she that coud so ill do and wold, Sir Thomas More also uses it: 'Syth that the apostles and euangelystes dyd applye and approper that prophane word ecclesia to signify the whole company of christen peple, sacred and sanctifyed in the holy sacrament of baptisme.'-Works, vol. i. p. 428, ed. 1557. Lord Berners, in his translation of The Golden Boke, uses a form still nearer to the French original: For amonge wyse men the sayd wordes are moste estemed when they are well app opryed and sayd to goode purpose.'-Fo. 34, b, ed. 1539. Thus Asprely, fiercely, sharply.-I. 180; II. 223. This is simply the English form of the French adverb asprement, which is constantly used by Froissart in describing feats of arms. speaking of a skirmish in 1340, he says: Et puis requirent les François fièrement et asprement en contrevengeant le seigneur de Potelles qui là gissoit navré à mort.'-Chron. tom. i. p. 101, ed. Pan. Lit. Again, in his account of a sea fight the same year between the English and Normans, he says: "Là se commença bataille dure et forte de tous côtés, et archers et arbalétriers à traire et à lancer l'un contre l'autre diversement et roidement, et gens d'armes à approcher et à combattre main à main asprement et hardiment.' -Ibid. p. 106. The Earl of Angus, in a letter to Henry VIII. dated August 10, 1527, uses the same form as Elyot: Richt Excellent, Richt Hie, and Richt Michty Prince, to certify your Celsitude the Kingis Grace, your moist deir nephew, my Soverane, incontinent eftir the resait of your letteris directit unto His Grace callit me and Lord Maxwell his Wardainis accusand us richt asperlic, and mervelling nocht litill we suld suffir resset, ayde, or supple be gevin to the transgressouris of the lawis of your Majeste his moist dere Uncle.'-State Papers, vol. iv. p. 469. The adjective is used by Chaucer thus in Troylus and Cryseyde: 'For which with humble, trewe, and pitouse herte A thousand tyme mercy I yow preye, Again in the same poem: 'Liketh it yow to wyten, sweete herte, As ye wel knowe, how longe tyme agon That ye me left in aspre peynes smerte." Ibid. vol. v. p. 55. And in Quene Anelyda: 'Jamque domos patrias Cithiee post aspera gentis. When Theseus with werres longe and grete Palsgrave has 'I stare, I loke brode. 733 Assentation, flattery-II. 165. The Latin word assentatio is quite classical. Thus Cicero says, 'Sic habendum est, nullam in amicitiis pestem esse majorem quàm adulationem, blanditiam, assentationem.'-De Amicit. сар. 25. The word seems also to have been naturalised in France, for Cotgrave gives Assentation: assentation, flatterie, colloguing,' but this is not recognised by Littré. Higgins in his 'Address to the Reader,' prefixed to the first edition of the Mirror for Magistrates, says: I wrote the twoo first euen as they now are, and because I would not kepe secrete my first labours in this kinde of study, I shewed them to a friend of myne, desiring his unfayned iudgement in this matter Yet hee making relation to other his frendes what I had done, left mee not quiet till they likewyse had them whose perswasion, as it semed, without any suspition of assentation or flattery, so hath it made mee bolder at this present then before.'-Vol. i. p. 9, ed. 1815. The Earl of Northampton, one of the Commissioners appointed to seene try Garnet, the Jesuit, for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot, in delivering judgment in 1606, said: 'These are not the true grounds nor proper motiues of your standing forth, but your art in cherishing, your malice in encouraging your impietie in strengthening a kinde of practise, neuer heard nor thought upon before in any age, against the life of the most gracious and iust King that euer raigned on either side of Trent, of a Queene, renowmed both for her own worth and for her happy fruit, and of a Prince, whom without assentation, I may bee bold to call the sweetest and the fairest blossome that euer budded, either out of the white or the red Rosary.'-Proceedings against Garnet, signat. Dd. 3, ed. 1606. Assentatour, a flatterer.-II. 176. The Latin assentator, which is used by Cicero in the following passage: Concio, quæ ex imperitissimis constat, tamen judicare solet, quid intersit inter popularem id est assentatorem et levem civem et inter constantem severum et gravem.'-De Amicit. cap. 25. Attemptates, attempts.-II. 324, 335, 386 and note. Auncetour, ancestor.-II. 30, 31, 76, 'And he that wol have pris of his gentrie, Foxe, the Martyrologist, in his Dedication to Queen Elizabeth of the Saxon Gospels, uses this form of the word at the end of the sixteenth century: 'Moses, that meeke seruaunt of God, in his canticle of the booke of Deuteronomie, willeth us to remember the dayes of olde antiquitie, and to record the auncient generations of our forefathers, and to aske our aunciters, and they (sayth he) shall tell us '-A. ii. b. ed. 1571. Skelton uses the form, auncetry. See Poet. Works, vol. i. p. 128, ed. 1843. Auncientie, and note. antiquity.-II. 396, Auoutry, aduoutry, adultery.-I. 209, 227; II. 188, 190, 212. This is the old French form of the word. Thus in the Laws of William the Conqueror : 'Si le pere truvet sa fille en avulterie en sa maisoun, u en la maisoun soun gendre, ben li laist ocire la avultere.'A.de Chevallet. Or.et For. tom. i. p. 116, ed. 1853. Again in the Chronique des Ducs de Normandie: 'Jugiez est jà, n'i a que dire, Par l'ovraigne del Avoiltire.' -Tom. ii. p. 352, ed. 1838. Again in Le Roman de la Rose, written in the thirteenth century: 'Jà n'oïstes vous onques dire In the fifteenth century we find this 'Il est escript en nostre loy Jubinal, Mystères Inédits, Chaucer, in The Persones Tale, says: Advoutrie, in Latyn, is for to sayn, approching of other mannes bed, thorugh the which tho that whilom were oon fleisch, abaundone here bodyes to other persones.'-Poet. Works, vol. iii. P. 345, ed. 1866. Sir John Maundevile tells us that 'in Cycile there is a manere of serpentes be the whiche men assayen and preven where here children ben bastardis or none, or of lawefulle Mariage. For if thei ben born in righte mariage, the serpentes gon aboute hem, and don hem non harm, and zif thei ben born in avowtrie the serpentes byten hem and envenyme hem.'-Voiage, &c. p. 67, ed. 1727. Auoyd. To empty, clear out, make void. II. 76. From the French vider or vuider, which, by the early writers, is spelt voider. Palsgrave has 'I avoyde, as water dothe that ronneth by a gutter or synke. Je me vuyde, je me suis vuyde, vuyder, prim. conj. This water avoydeth nat well, by lykelyhod the goutter is nat courrant: ceste eaue ne se vuyde pas bien, il jault dire que la gouttiere nest pas courrante.L'Esclair. p. 441. In the French version of the Psalms, written in the twelfth century, Psalm cxxxvii. 7, is thus rendered: Remembrere seies, Sire, des filz Edom, el jur de Jerusalem ; Chi dient: Voidez, voidez, desque al fundament en li.'-Libri Psalm. p. 213, ed. 1860, by M. F. Michel. And in La uie St. Thomas le martir, which is referred by M. Littré to the same century, we find the same form of the word: 'Car ainceis ne l'osast nuls escummenier, Mais qu'um li peust bien faire iglise uoidier.' See Mém. de l'Acad. Berlin, 1838. (Phil. und Hist. Abhandl. p. 61.) The author, in his Dictionary, renders vacuefacio, 'to empty or auoyde.' And in the Promptorium we find 'A-voyden. Evacuo, devacuo. A-voydyd. Evacuatus. Avoydaunce. Evacuacio.'-P. 19. Froissart in his account of the capture of Conualle or Cremale in 1388 by Gautier de Passac, says: 'Quand messire Gautier vit l'entrée, il la fit découvrir, et ôter la terre et les herbes et les ronces qui étoient à l'environ.' (Chron. tom. ii. p. 444, ed. Pan. Lit.), which is thus translated by Lord Berners: And when he sawe the hole where the yssue was, he caused the erthe and busshes to be auoyded.'-Chron. vol. ii. p. 118, ed. 1812. Shakespeare, in Coriolanus, makes one of the servants say: 'What have you to do here, fellow? Pray you avoid the house.' Vol. vi. p. 206, ed. Dyce. And Bacon employs the word in the same sense in his New Atlantis. 'He desired to speak with some few of us; whereupon six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided the room.'-Works, vol. ii. p. 332, ed. 1825. North, in his translation of Plutarch, says: "On a holy daye common playes being kept in Rome, upon some suspition or false reporte, they made proclamation by sound of trumpet, that all the Volsces should auoyde out of Rome before sunne set.-P. 251, ed. 1579. Speed, in the next century used the word precisely in the same sense as Sir T. Elyot: The dinner ended, and all ready to depart, (as though some weighty matters were to be handled) hee (i.e, Osbright) commanded an auoydance from the presence.'-Hist. Great Brit. p. 378, ed. 1632. The word void was used in the same sense: 'He leet voyden out of his chambre alle maner of men, Lordes and othere, for he wolde speke with me in conseille.'-- Sir John Maundevile, Voiage, &c., p. 166, ed. 1727. Awaite, good, to have, to take heed, to keep good watch.-II. 48, 102, 107, 316. The author in his Dictionary translates the Latin word observo, 'to awayte diligently with the eyes and also the mynde, to take good hede.' In the Promptorium we find 'Awaytinge or takinge hede. Attendens.' P.17. And also Waytyn or a-spyyn (waytyn after). Observo.' P. 513. Palsgrave has 'I awayte, I lie in wayte of a person to marke what he dothe or sayeth. Je aguayte, prim. conj. and je me tiens en aguayt, je me suis tenu en aguayt, tenir en aguayt. Haste thou awayted me this tourne: mas tu aguayté ce tour? Let him awayte hardely, for whan he thynketh leste, he may happe to be taken sleper: quil se tienne sur son guayt or quil se tienne en aguayt, car quant il pence le moyns, on le surprendra par aduen'ure en dormant.' And also I ley in wayte of one to do him a displeasure. Je aguayte, prim. conj. I have layed in wayte for him these ten nyghtes to do hym a displeasure je lay aguayté ces dix nuictz pour luy faire quelque desplaysir.'-L'Esclairciss. pp. 441,605. The English word is no doubt derived from the French aguet, aguetter, which by early writers were spelt agait, agaiter, or await, awaiter, respectively. M. A. de Chevallet says: On écrevait autrefois wait, waiter, aussi bien que gait, gaitter.-Tud. waht, guet, faction; wahten, faire le guet, faire faction, guetter, veiller sur quelqu'un ou sur quelque chose.' And in the Laws of William the Conqueror, which he prints from the original MSS., we find this form of the word: 'et si aveir trespassent per iloc u il deivent waiter,' which he translates 'et si des bestiaux passent par le lieu où les gardes doivent exercer leur surveillance.' Origine et Form. de la lan. Fran., tom. i. pp. 114, 506, ed. 1853. Pierre de Fontaines, a celebrated jurisconsult of the thirteenth century, in a work called Le Conseil, written like the De Laudibus of our own Fortescue, for the instruction of a young prince, has the following passage in which the word occurs in the sense of to watch: Li Empereres Valentins et Theodoxes et Archemes dient à ciaus des contrées Nous donnons à tous franque poosté qui que soit Cheualiers ki ira par nuit essilier les cans ou waitera les chemins ki sunt hantables par armes.' P. 145, ed. 1668. The word waite or wayte in the sense of watch was retained in the sixteenth century, in connection with feudal tenure, and Spelman mentions an inquisition post mortem, taken in the reign of Elizabeth, in which it is stated that the manor of Narborough is held of the Queen ut de manerio suo de Wingrave, per servitium militare et per redditum 14s., pro wayte fee et Castle garde.' Gloss. sub voc. Waitefee. B. Baratour, a cheat, a disorderly per son.-II. 158. This is the English form of the French barateur, which - Cotgrave translates: A deceiver, 'Car il est menteur et parjure, -M. de Montaiglon, Rec. de Poes. Franç., tom. vii. p. 249, ed. 1857. Sir John Maundevile, speaking of the subjects of Prestre John, says: "Thei sette not be no Barettes, ne by Cawteles, - ne of no disceytes.' — Voiage, etc., P. 329, ed. 1727. In England, however, it seems to have been more generally used to designate a brawler or riotous person. Thus in the Customs of London, published by Arnold at the commencement of the sixteenth century, charge is given to 'the Quest of Warmot in euery Warde,' to enquire 'yf ther be ony comon ryator, barratur, or ony comon nyght walker wythout lyght, contrary to the ordynaunce of the cite, be dwellyng wythin the warde.'P. 90, ed. 1811. Lord Coke defines a barrettor' as 'a common moover and exciter, or maintainer of suits, quarrels, or parts, either in courts, or elsewhere in the country, in three manners: first, in disturbance of the peace: secondly, in taking or keeping of possessions of lands in controversie, not only by force, but also by subtiltie and a deceit, and most commonly in suppression of truth and right: thirdly, by false inventions, and sowing of calumniations, rumours, and reports, whereby discord and disquiet may grow betweene neighbours.'-Co. Litt. 368, b. It may be added that the word 'barratry' is still preserved in English law, and Sir Travers Twiss, in his valuable edition of the Black Book of the Admiralty, observes that : 'the use of the word "barrataria" in the Amalphitan Table is suggestive that the term was imported into Italy direct from the Levant, and was Latinised by the Amalphitans, its origin, under any circumstances, being traceable to the Sanskrit word "bharat. - Vol. iv. p. 5, note, the Rolls. ed. Bargenette, the name of a dance.— I. 230. Probably this is merely the English form of the French word Bergerette. Palsgrave has: Kynde of daunce-bargeret.'-L'Esclair. p. 236. That the word is French is evident not merely from the collocation in the text, the words pavion and turgion being indisputably the names of French dances, but from the fact that Gascoigne, in one of his pieces, The Adventures of Master F. I., employs the very word in a passage which shows that it was a dance accompanied by a · And before hem wente minstrels many one And so dauncing into the mede they fare. In England's Helicon, a collection of |