who participated therein.

His widow died November 7, 1921, living to the remarkable old age of ninety-four years. Since pioneer times the family has been closely associated with Milwaukee's history and development and the name here has ever been a synonym for progress and improvement. Carl Kieckhefer was the father of four sons and two daughters: Ferdinand A. W., August C. F., William and Charles, all of whom have passed away.

In

August C. F. Kieckhefer, the father of Edwin F. Kieckhefer, is mentioned at length on another page of this work. Edwin F. Kieckhefer was educated in the public and high schools of Milwaukee and also in the Spencerian Business College, from which he was graduated. Throughout his active life he has been associated with elevator building, becoming an employe and later a partner of his father. He is now the vice president of the company and is thoroughly familiar with every phase of the business in every department of manufacturing and also with the sales end of the business. His father had had early experience in carpentering and building and when but nineteen years of age had become a partner of Henry Buestrin in the conduct of general cabinet work and house moving. 1889 he organized the A. Kieckhefer Elevator Company, its plant being situated on Clybourn, between West Water street and Second street. In 1892 the firm built a factory where the plant of the Cutler-Hammer Company now stands and in the panic of 1896 Mr. Kieckhefer lost his property, but in 1898 he purchased the site occupied by the company today and here the business has since been carried on, at Nos. 1026 to 1104 St. Paul avenue. The company is engaged in the building of passenger and freight elevators, which are shipped to all parts of the world, even as far as China. In normal times the concern employs about one hundred and fifty people and the enterprise is one of the important productive industries of Milwaukee. It was with this concern that Edwin F. Kieckhefer became associated after completing his education and since that time he has been an active contributor to the growth and expansion of the business, while following his father's retirement from the active management thereof he was elected to the vice presidency. His associate officers at this time are: Henry J. Kieckhefer, vice president, and Arthur C. Kieckhefer, secretary and treasurer. There is still another brother in the family, August Kieckhefer, Jr., who is the champion three cushion billiard player of the world and conducts a large place of business at 20 East Randolph street, Chicago, Illinois.

On the 30th of December, 1910, Mr. Kieckhefer was married to Miss Jennie Klinger, a native of Wisconsin, born on a farm in Waukesha county, not far from Oconomowoc. Mr. Kieckhefer belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Milwaukee Lodge, No. 46, and the Knights of Pythias. He was the president of the Milwaukee Aquarium Society and finds great pleasure in raising gold fish. He has fish from all parts of the world in his private aquarium and has given exhibits all over the United States. He is also a lover of dogs and has many of the finest bred parti-color Cocker spaniels. He is vice president of the Wisconsin Kennel Club. He represents one of the old and honored pioneer families of Milwaukee, but it is not his line of descent that has won his enviable position in public regard. On the contrary it is his sterling worth, as manifested in business connections and in every relation of life, which has placed him before the public as one of the representative and valued residents of this state.

HENRY J. GRAMLING, M. D.

Dr. Henry J. Gramling, a well known representative of the medical profession and now vice president of the Layton Park State Bank, was born in Dousman, Waukesha county, Wisconsin, May 23, 1874, his parents being Anthony and Theresa (Schetzler) Gramling, both of whom were natives of Germany. The father came to America in 1846, while the mother crossed the Atlantic in the '60s and both families settled in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, where they became identified with farming interests. His father held several offices in his village, being a man of prominence in his community and both he and his wife are deceased.

Henry J. Gramling was educated in the public schools and was reared on a farm. After leaving home at the age of twenty years he took up the study of medicine and matriculated in the Physicians and Surgeons Medical College at St. Louis, Missouri, from which he was graduated with the class of 1899. Immediately afterward, he located for practice at St. Martins, in Milwauke county, where he remained for four years and then, seeking the broader field of opportunity afforded in the larger city he came to Milwaukee in 1903 and during the intervening period of eighteen years has built up an extensive and substantial practice. In 1903 he went abroad and pursued a postgraduate course in Vienna, Austria, covering six months study of medicine and surgery. While in Europe he traveled through Germany, Bohemia and Holland and

had the opportunity of seeing the Kaiser, King Edward of England and Franz Josef of Austria, as well as Czar Nicholas of Russia. He benefited greatly by his studies abroad and in 1912 he pursued a postgraduate course in the University of New York and took postgraduate work in the Polyclinic College at Chicago. He was mustered into the United States army as a member of the Medical Corps at Fort Riley on the 23d of August, 1918, being commissioned a first lieutenant. He was there stationed until honorably discharged on the 9th of December, following. He has served as one of the staff surgeons of Trinity Hospital and before entering the army taught in the medical department at Marquette University. In August, 1920, he established the Gramling Clinic, of which he is the senior representative. He is associated with his two brothers, Dr. Joseph J. and Ferdinand Gramling, in the ownership of the Fort Gramling Farms, consisting of about five hundred acres at Dousman, Wisconsin, whereon they breed pure Holstein-Fresian cattle, having about one hundred head. They keep these cattle both for breeding purposes and milk production and conduct the business under the name of the Fort Gramling Farms.

Another feature of the business activity of Dr. Henry J. Gramling, who is regarded as one of the most energetic and enterprising business men of this section, is the Layton Park State Bank, of which he became one of the organizers and of which he is now the vice president. He aided in the incorporation of the bank and his sound judgment is a valuable asset in its management. The building occupied was erected by the Layton Park Holding Company, of which Dr. Gramling is the president. In all business affairs he manifests keen sagacity and sound judgment, carrying forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes, for when one avenue of opportunity seems closed he carves out other paths whereby to reach the desired goal.

On the 10th of July, 1900, Dr. Gramling was married to Miss Frances M. Link, of Burt, Iowa. They were reared together as school children and by their marriage they have became the parents of six children: Gregory, who is a senior in the arts and science department of the Marquette University; Henry J., who is a senior in the Marquette Academy; Robert, a freshman in Marquette Academy; William E., Frances K. and Anthony J., who are students in the parochial school of the Holy Ghost. As indicated the family is Catholic in religious faith and Dr. Gramling was active in the Catholic Federation of Wisconsin, of which he was serving as president of the county organization and for one term as secretary of the state federation. Along strictly professional lines he is connected with the Milwaukee Medical Society, the Milwaukee County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Broad reading and study and the proceedings of these bodies to which he belongs keep him in touch with the most advanced thought and research of the profession and he has ever been a close student of the science of medicine and surgery, so that he has developed a high degree of efficiency and ability in his chosen calling.

JOSEPH J. GRAMLING, M. D.

No history of Milwaukee would be complete without reference to Dr. Joseph J. Gramling, now a most capable physician, standing in the front ranks among the representatives of the medical fraternity in the Cream city. He was born in Dousman, Waukesha county, Wisconsin, on the 26th of June, 1881, and is a brother of Dr. Henry J. Gramling, in connection with whose sketch extended reference is made to the parents and family. The public schools afforded to Dr. Joseph J. Gramling his early educational opportunities. His youth was spent on the home farm and he early became familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. In the winter months he attended school and thus his time was passed to the age of eighteen years. When desirous of gaining a broader education he became a student in the Valparaiso College at Valparaiso, Indiana, and thus completed his more specifically literary course. He next entered the Milwaukee Medical College, which is the medical department of Marquette University, and was graduated therefrom on the 15th of May, 1905.

Dr. Gramling began the practice of his profession in St. Martins, Milwaukee county, where he remained for a period of eleven years and since that time he has resided in the city of Milwaukee, winning a most creditable and substantial place as one of the forceful and resourceful members of the medical profession in this city. He is a partner of the Gramling Clinic and member of Trinity Hospital staff. He belongs to the Milwaukee Medical Society and also to the American Medical Association and by broad reading and study he keeps informed concerning the onward march of the profession. He is also one of the owners of the Gramling Farm, being connected with his two brothers in the ownership and conduct of a valuable tract of land of five hundred acres in Waukesha county, which is devoted to the breeding of pure bred Holstein-Fresian cattle and he now has on the farm about one hundred head, which are raised for sale and milk production. Dr. Gramling is also the treasurer of the Milwaukee Snow Conveyor Company.

On the 1st of October, 1907, was celebrated the marriage of Dr. Gramling and Miss Juliana Link, who passed away on the 5th of July, 1913, leaving a family of four children: Margaret, Joseph J., Dorothy Lou and James Anthony. The family residence is at number 450 Layton boulevard. Dr. Gramling and his family are communicants of the Catholic church and he is identified with the Knights of Columbus. Through

out his career he has been actuated by a laudable ambition that has prompted him to retain the highest possible position in his profession, in business circles and in his connection with public interests, for at all times he endorses those projects and plans which receive the support of all loyal and progressive citizens.

JOHN P. BRUEMMER.

John P. Bruemmer, a live stock commission merchant of Milwaukee, is a pioneer in this business, in which he has been engaged for thirty-five years, long occupying a position of leadership among the business men in this line in Wisconsin. He was born in Milwaukee, December 3, 1863, and is one of a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters, whose parents were Joachim and Ernstina (Striemke) Bruemmer. The father came to the United States in 1854 and remained a resident of Milwaukee to the time of his death in 1899. He was a brickmaker and for twentytwo years he was in the employ of George Burnham. His wife, who came to the United States when a maiden of but twelve summers, lived on the south side of Milwaukee throughout her remaining days, covering a period of seventy-one years. She passed away on the 3d of August, 1920, at the age of eighty-three. Their children are all living, all married and all residents of Milwaukee.

John P. Bruemmer was educated in the eighth ward school and in his youth clerked in his father's grocery store until he had attained his majority. When twentyone years of age he entered the employ of George B. Van Norman, a prominent stock yardsman of that day and now of Chicago. His connection with Mr. Van Norman covered a period of fifteen years and since that time Mr. Bruemmer has been engaged in the live stock commission business on his own account. His life has been passed in Milwaukee. with the exception of the period of fifteen years spent in Chicago. He has been very successful in the management of his affairs and is now in comfortable financial circumstances-in fact, he is numbered among the men of affluence in this city and occupies a beautiful home at the corner of National and Thirteenth avenues. On the 28th of November, 1894, Mr. Bruemmer was united in marriage to Miss Bertha Clara Heitman, who was born in Milwaukee, and they have become parents of three living sons and a daughter: Lyman, Arthur, John and Florence. They also lost one son, George, who was killed in an automobile accident August 12, 1914, when twelve years of age.

Mr. Bruemmer is a thirty-second degree Mason and a loyal follower of the teachings and purposes of the craft. In politics he is a republican when national issues are involved but at local elections casts his ballot for the most capable candidate, regardless of party ties. He belongs to the Association of Commerce and to the West Side Old Settlers Club, also to the Eleventh Avenue Advancement Association and he is a director in the Wisconsin State Bank. His home, however, is his club and his interest centers at his own fireside. This does not preclude his active support of plans and measures for the general good and Milwaukee has long classed him with her representative citizens.

FREDERICK CHARLES MEINHARDT.

Frederick Charles Meinhardt, secretary and treasurer of the Milwaukee Motor Products Company, Incorporated, was born in this city August 16, 1880. His father, Fred John Meinhardt, is also a native of Milwaukee, born here in 1856, where he still makes his home and is engaged in the boat building business. His father was Charles F. W. Meinhardt, a native of Saxony, Germany, who came to the United State in 1846, and at once established his home in Milwaukee. He made the trip to the new world alone when a young man of twenty-six. He represented one of the old families of Saxony and he became the founder of the family in the United States. Born and reared in Milwaukee, Fred John Meinhardt, after reaching adult age, married Margaret Schiffler, a native of this city. Her father was Michael Schiffler, a native of Bavaria, who was brought to the United States by his parents in 1851, when a child of fifteen years, the family settling in Oak Creek, or what is now South Milwaukee. They afterward became farming people of Minnesota and from Minneapolis, Michael Schiffler returned to Milwaukee about 1880. Thus in both the paternal and maternal lines Frederick Charles Meinhardt is a representative of old families of this city.

After acquiring a public school education, he entered the employ of Landauer & Company, with whom he remained for four years, starting in the position of elevator boy and working his way upward until he was a salesman in the notions department. He was afterward employed in the United States engineering department as stenographer in connection with river and harbor improvements and devoted nineteen years of his life to the government service, rising to the position of auditor. Colonel William V. Judson, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. who, as American attache with the Russian army during the Russo-Japanese war, was captured by the Japanese at Mukden and returned to the United States. Mr. Meinhardt was the stenographer who took down and assisted Colonel Judson in the arrangement of the report on the Russian army maneuvers. In 1916 he had charge of the office at Nogales, Arizona, being there situated during the troublous times when the city was fired upon by the Mexicans and it seemed that war with that country was imminent. At Nogales he was in charge of the engineer's office, having control of railroad operations into Mexico in case of war, for Pershing and his troops.

In June, 1918, Mr. Meinhardt resigned from the government service and became office manager for the Milwaukee Auto Engine & Supply Company, which on the 1st of December, 1921, adopted the name of the Milwaukee Motor Products Company, Incorporated. In June, 1920, he became secretary and treasurer of this company and in his official position has since bent his energy to administrative direction and executive control. With his return to Milwaukee, Mr. Meinhardt became a teacher of bookkeeping and accounting in the evening sessions of the South Division high school in 1918 and in 1919 taught the same branches in the West Division high school. He is now a lecturer in the Marquette University on the subject of auditing, theory and practice, in connection with the third year course of certified public accounting. Mr. Meinhardt has always been a student himself and has devoted much time to the study of law, business administration, salesmanship, philosophy and psychology, being well versed along all these lines. He is a deep student of human nature and keenly interested in those mental processes which are analyzed through the science of psychology. He loves a good book and reading is his hobby. He likewise greatly enjoys swimming and takes long hikes, finding keen pleasure in the out-of-doors.

On the 5th of May, 1902, Mr. Meinhardt was married to Miss Clara Meyer, a daughter of Henry Meyer, a native of Germany and formerly a Milwaukee carpenter. They have become parents of four children: Lucile, who is now a student in the Normal School at Milwaukee and possesses marked musical talent, while she has also written an acceptable play adopted by the North Division high school. She is prominent in local dramatic circles and has given many readings before Milwaukee audiences; Alan, a student in the Washington high school; and Fred and John, who are pursuing the work of the grades.

Mr. Meinhardt has never been active in politics except during the period of the World war, when he was prominent as a worker in the Wisconsin Loyalty Legion. He was also a member of the registration board in the twenty-first ward, local division No. 10. He is a Mason, belonging to Damascus Lodge, No. 290. The nature of his interests are further indicated in the fact that he is a member of the Office Managers' Association of Milwaukee and chairman of its membership committee, also a member of the City Club and of the Association of Commerce. No activity or project looking to the benefit and welfare of the city seeks his aid in vain. He stands at all times for progress and improvement in relation to the community, to the commonwealth and to the country. He is of the third generation of the Meinhardt family residing in Milwaukee and throughout the period representatives of the name have been forceful factors in upholding high civic standards and interests.

EMIL REINHOLDT BINTE.

Emil Reinholdt Binte, the pioneer chiropractor of Milwaukee, who is engaged in practice as a member of the firm of Binte & Binte, which was organized in 1910, is a native son of Wisconsin, his birth having occurred on his father's farm near Iron Ridge, December 28, 1884. His father, William Binte, still resides at Iron Ridge, where he is living retired. The family has long been an influential one of Dodge county and Herman F. Binte, an uncle of E. R. Binte of this review, has served as sheriff of the county. The father, William Binte, was also born on the farm of his father, Ferdinand Binte, who was a native of Germany but came to the United States when quite young. Throughout his life to the time of his retirement William Binte followed the occupation of farming but is now enjoying in well earned rest the fruits of his former toil. He married Louise Schultz, who passed away in January, 1905. She was born in Herman, Dodge county, Wisconsin, a daughter of Carl Schultz, who was a native of Germany and who became a Wisconsin farmer.