RALPH WALDO EMERSON.-From a photograph by Black JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL.-Redrawn from an engraving after a daguerrotype . NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.-From Howells's Literary Friends and Acquaintance HENRY W. LONGFELLOW.-From an old print PRESIDENTIAL TICKET, 1840. From a photograph of the original ticket PAGE 79 81 83 84 85 WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. From Lossing's Field-Book of the War of 1812 86 JOSEPH STORY.-From an engraving after a portrait by Chester 89 CAMPAIGN SYMBOL OF 1840.-Redrawn from a copy of the campaign cartoon 93 JOHN TYLER.-Redrawn from an engraving from a daguerrotype . . 95 THE HANCOCK HOUSE, BOSTON.—Redrawn from a sketch The Men Who Made the Nation BROADWAY, EAST SIDE, BETWEEN GRAND AND HOWARD GENERAL SANTA ANNA.-Redrawn from an old print 99 TITLE-PAGE OF A CAMPAIGN PAMPHLET.-From the original in the New York Public Library III HENRY CLAY.-From a drawing by Davignon. TITLE-PAGE OF "THE CLAY SONGSTER."-From graph from the original. a photo 113 JAMES K. POLK.-Redrawn from an old print PAGE WINFIELD SCOTT.-From an engraving after a daguerrotype 121 THE DEPARTURE OF THE PHILADELPHIA VOLUNTEERS FROM PHILADELPHIA. From a humorous drawing by F. O. C. Darley. 123 CHARGE OF THE "PALMETTOS" AT CHURUBUSCO. From a 125 126 SALMON PORTLAND CHASE.-From Harper's Monthly Magazine 127 LEWIS CASS. From Harper's Monthly Magazine 129 THOMAS WILSON DORR.-Redrawn from an old print 130 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, IN 1848.-Redrawn from an old print . . 131 ENGLISH POWER LOOM FOR WEAVING COTTON, 1847.-Redrawn from an old print 133 CASTLE GARDEN, NEW YORK, IN 1850.-From Harper's 135 EMIGRANT TRAIN CROSSING THE PLAINS.— -Redrawn from an old print. 136 A TYPICAL HOTEL IN THE MIDDLE MINES, CALIFORNIA, ABOUT OLD SPANISH FORT AT MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA, IN 1848.— 139 141 WEBSTER REPLYING TO HAYNE IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE, DANIEL WEBSTER'S BIRTHPLACE, SALISBURY (NOW FRANKLIN), INTERIOR OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ABOUT 1830.- GEORGE MIFFLIN DALLAS. From an engraving by T. B. Welch after a daguerreotype by MM. Clees and Germon. Mr. Dallas was United States Senator from Pennsylvania STATE HOUSE AT COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA.-Reproduced from an engraving by James Akin in John Drayton's A View of South Carolina in the New York Public Library. A GROUP OF SOME OF THE OLDEST HOUSES, CHARLESTON, EDWARD LIVINGSTON.-From a painting which hangs in Whig from New York; a member of Congress from that state PAGE . . 197 A TYPICAL CHARLESTON (S. C.) MANSION, THE GEORGE SAMUEL D. INGHAM.-From a lithograph. In 1829 President Jackson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, but he resigned in 1831 on account of his objection to the "Kitchen Cabinet" JACKSON, WEBSTER, AND CLAY.-From an engraving by THE UNITED STATES TREASURY BUILDING.-From Harper's AMOS KENDALL. From Harper's Magazine, vol. xix. Kendall was Postmaster-General (1835-40) in Jackson's Administration, and with Francis P. Blair, the editor of The Globe, formed the famous "Kitchen Cabinet." These two men were frequently consulted by the President as confidential advisers. To avoid observation they were accustomed to enter the White House by a back door. On this account the opposition party, who believed the advice of these two men caused Jackson to fill nearly all the offices with Democrats, after turning out the incumbents, called them in derision the "Kitchen Cabinet" SCENE IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE IN THE THIRTIES. 201 205 207 211 213 219 PAGE WILLIAM J. DUANE.-From a lithograph. Secretary of the Treasury in 1833 and opposed to Jackson's action in the matter of the United States Bank. In consequence of this President Jackson dismissed him within four months of his appointment, naming in his stead Roger B. Taney. 225 ANDREW JACKSON. From an engraving by G. Kruell after the lithograph by La Fosse; copyrighted by M. Knoedler & Co. Facing p. 226 . LEVI WOODBURY.-From an engraving by G. F. Storm after a drawing by J. B. Longacre. Levi Woodbury, chosen United States Senator in 1825 from New Hampshire, was instrumental in winning over New Hampshire from the Federalist to the Jackson interest, and he was received into the intimate counsels of President Jackson. He was editor of the New Hampshire Patriot, also one of the officers of a bank at Concord and knew what the branches of the United States Bank could do to dominate credit and control exchanges . 230 BENJAMIN LUNDY.-From an engraving in the Print Collec- 234 . 236 CALEB CUSHING. From a photograph by Gardner, Washington, D. C. A colleague of J. Q. Adams in Congress, of which he was a member (1835-1843). He advocated the policy of war with Mexico. In 1853 he served as Attorney-General in President Pierce's Cabinet, and in 1860 he was president of the Democratic convention at Charles |