5. THE MEETING AT HALIFAX.

Its opening June 15, 1877

General proceedings and history

Final award......

Payment of $5,500,000 by the United States

6. RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION TO THE HALIFAX MEETING.

Invitation to attend by the Secretary of State...

Method adopted of obtaining information to be used

Comparative preparation of the two sides..

Measures to be taken for securing proper statistics of the sea-fisheries..

Acknowledgments

D. FISHERY STATISTICS.

7. METHODS ADOPTED AND TO BE EMPLOYED

Action of the Treasury Department

Action of the United States Fish Commission.

List of circulars already issued

Mode of distributing circulars

One subject only agitated at one time

Results already elaborated

Bluefish, scup, whale, and menhaden.

Subjects now under investigation

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Information of methods of fishing

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E. NOTICE OF ARTICLES RELATIVE TO THE SEA-FISHERIES PUBLISHED

IN THE APPENDIX.

8. ATTEMPT TO UTILIZE EXPERIENCE OF OTHER NATIONS

Fishery statistics of other nations..........

Methods of other nations illustrated by apparatus imported

Proposed improved fishery exhibit in Washington

Value of information published in Norway.

History of Loffeden Island fisheries

Observations by Sars on Loffoden fisheries

Sea-fisheries of Norway

Geographical distribution of Gadido..

First five years of Emden herring-fishery

Sea-fisheries of Sweden

9. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

Observations with the Casella-Miller thermometer, by Commander L. A. Beardslee...........

F. THE PROPAGATION OF FOOD-FISHES.

10. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.....

Unreasonable expectations in regard to results of fish-culture.

Time required for determination as to success..

Some causes of error or fallacy.

State commissions acting in 1871

State commissions in 1877

Amount of work done by them....

Lake States especially noteworthy

Co-operation with United States Fish Commission

Direct......

Indirect, as in distribution of salmon, &c..

Applications for eggs and fish..

Rapid increase in number

Method of recording

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From Chili and Ecuador for general information concerning fishes
From British Columbia in regard to the utilization of salmon refuse
From New Brunswick in regard to the canning of lobsters......
Fishes not comprehended in the plans of the Commission. Tront and black bass..
General enumeration of fish treated by the United States commission

11. FACILITIES AND ASSISTANCE RENDERED TO THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION..
By government departments

The Navy and Army

By State fish commissions.

By railroad companies

By express companies....

By steamship companies.

By individuals

12. LEGISLATION AND PROTECTION OF THE FISHERIES.
Antagonism between prosecutors of different methods of fishing.
Absence of legislation on part of the general government
The Washington Treaty as affecting the rights of fishermen.
Objections to modes of fishing..

Appeal against trawling by inhabitants of Block Island
Relation of the States to fishery interests...

Establishment of close time..

Removal or palliation of obstructions.

Fish-baskets especially injurious..

Limitations as to size of fish sold

13. WORK ACCOMPLISHED IN 1877

The shad

The Susquehanna station.....

Reasons for temporary discontinuance of more southern stations

Concentration on work in Susquehanna and Connecticut...

Defects of floating boxes....

Improved apparatus of T. B. Ferguson.

Experiments with this apparatus

Work done on the Susquehanna..

The Connecticut station

Transfer of apparatus to South Hadley Falls.

Co-operation of Massachusetts commissions..

Floating boxes used......

Microscopical investigations of H. J. Rice

Experiments at Windsor Locks

Reference to Mr. Milner's report

The Pacific salmon

The Clackamas station..

Alarm of canners at decrease of salmon in the Columbia River

Dispatch of Mr. Stone to organize a station at expense of Oregon and Washington

Fish Propagation Company

Difficulties in selection of site..

Reasons for choosing Clackamas River..

Work required to get the station in running order.
Results accomplished'.

The McCloud River station

Assistance in keeping order rendered by the Army

Interference of illegal fishing with the results

Dates of taking fish.

Donation of 1,000 eggs to the United States Fish Commission by Mr. Eckardt

Introduction of fry into Lake Gardner, Michigan.

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The carp..

Its introduction an especial object of the United States Fish Commission.

American rivals of the same family

Varieties of carp.

Advantages of carp-culture

Rate of growth of carp

Applicability of the fish for certain localities

Previous steps taken for introduction

Recent efforts in charge of Mr. R. Hessel

First trial unsuccessful

Second satisfactory

Number of fish imported...

Placed in Druid Hill Park, Baltimore

United States carp ponds in Washington

Congressional appropriations..

Plans for a permanent establishment...

Other experiments in carp-culture in the United States

Alleged introduction of carp into the Hudson River

Probably not the genuine carp

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The carp-Continued.

13. WORK ACCOMPLISHED IN 1877-Continued.

Introduction by Mr. Poppe into Sonoma, Cal..

The European tench........

Introduction by Mr. Hessel with the carp.

Special peculiarities and value

The golden ide.......

Introduction by Mr. Hessel

The sea herring.

Importance as an article of food

Peculiarities of its eggs.

Spawning habits of the fish

Experiments at Nomans Land, by Vinal N. Edwards..

Experiment in Germany by Dr. H. A. Meyer.

Special arrangements required for artificial hatching..

Variations in specific gravity of eggs of different fishes; some lighter, others heavier

than water

Comparison of eggs of California salmon and trout

The European turbot and sole...

Great variety of food-fishes already in American waters

Propriety of adding turbot and sole to the number.....

Interest taken by Mr. J. G. Kidder, of Boston......

Employment of Mr. Mather to bring over a supply from England.

Assistance rendered by English gentlemen

Difficulties experienced in getting fish

Assistance of Cunard Steamship Company.

Fish brought over and place of deposit

Acknowledgments to the Treasury Department..........

II. APPENDIX TO REPORT OF COMMISSIONER.

APPENDIX A.-THE SEA-FISHERIES.

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Page.

I. G. Brown Goode. A HISTORY OF THE MENHADEN. By G. Brown Goode, curator of United
States National Museum; WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE AGRICULTURAL USES OF FISHES, by Prof.
W. O. Atwater, professor of chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn..

Section A. Introduction..

1

Section B. The names of the menhaden..

6

Section C. A description of the American species of Brevoortia, with anatomical and physio-

logical notes...

19

Section D. Geographical distribution, and the movements of the schools

Section E. Abundance of the menhaden comparative and absolute..

Section N. Menhaden and other fish, and their products, as related to agriculture. By W.

O. Atwater. (See also Appendix O)

194

Appendix A. Circular relating to statistics of the menhaden fishery

268

Appendix B. List of correspondents from whom contributions Inve been received

271

Appendix C. Bibliography of literature relating to the menhaden

274

Appendix D. Extracts from writings of ichthyologists relating to the menhaden..

279

Appendix F. Tables of ocean temperature for certain points on the east coast of the United

States......

Appendix E. Catalogue of specimens in the United States National Museum illustrating the

history of the menhaden

289

291

Appendix G. Table showing comparative amounts of menhaden, mackerel, shad, and ale-

wives inspected in the State of Massachusetts, 1804 to 1877

Appendix II. List of manufacturers of menhaden oil and guano. Compiled by Mr. Jasper

Pryer.......

295

296

Appendix L. Partial list of vessels employed in the menhaden fishery

297

Appendix K. Prices-current of menhaden oil and review of the markets (from the Oil, Paint,

and Drug Reporter)....

299

I. G. Brown Goode. A HISTORY OF THE MENHADEN-Continued.

Page.

Appendix L. Proceedings of the United States Menhaden Oil and Guano Association ....

Appendix M. Annual reports of menhaden oil and guano manufacturers in the State of

Maine

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368

373

483

503

Appendix N. Statements of correspondents..

Appendix O. Miscellaneous items regarding the use of fish for manure..

Appendix P. Exports of menhaden oil from the port of New York from January, 1875, to

July, 1878...

Appendix Q. Supplementary works, September 22, 1878

.......

(For list of illustrations, occupying 31 plates, see page 15.)

II. Karl Dambeck. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GADIDÆ, OR THE COD FAMILY, IN

ITS RELATION TO FISHERIES AND COMMERCE. By Karl Dambeck. Translated from the

German

A. Characteristics of the Gadida.

B. General distribution

C. The Arctic region of the Gadida.

D. The Atlantic region of the Gadida....

E. The Pacific region of the Gadida.

F. Distribution and fishing of the different species

G. Fisheries and trade.......

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531

531

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536

543

545

547

555

III. Anonymous. AN ACCOUNT OF THE LOFFODEN ISLANDS OF NORWAY. Translated by H.

Jacobson from the German.....

IV. G. O. Sars. REPORT OF PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COD FISHERIES

NEAR THE LOFFODEN ISLANDS, MADE DURING THE YEARS 1864-'69. By G. O. Sars. Trans-

lated by H. Jacobson from the Norwegian

V. G. O. Sars. REPORT OF PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE COD FISHERIES

NEAR THE LOFFODEN ISLANDS, MADE DURING THE YEARS 1870-'73. By G. O. Sars. Trans-

lated from the Norwegian by H. Jacobson..

VI. G. O, Sars. REPORT MADE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OF INVESTIGATIONS

OF THE SALT-WATER FISHERIES OF NORWAY DURING THE YEARS 1874-77. By Prof. G. O.

Sars. Translated from the Norwegian by H. Jacobson.....

B. The lobster and the lobster fisheries on our Southern and Western coasts

C. On drag-net fishing on the coast from Nevlunghaven to Tönsbergfiord..

III. Extracts from Prof. G. O. Sars' report on the Norwegian Atlantic expedition of 1876..

A. Zoological observations...

N. Preliminary report on the zoological observations made during the second Nor-

wegian polar expedition of 1877

692

Y. Report on the practical and scientific investigation of the salt-water fisheries,

made during the second Norwegian polar expedition of 1877

698-706

VII. M. Friele. AN ACCOUNT OF THE FISHERIES OF NORWAY IN 1877. By M. Friele. Trans-

lated from the French by J. Paul Wilson..