the merchant vessels of whatsoever nationality anchored in their ports. Therefore, only persons accused of common crimes can be taken from them after due legal procedure and by order of the competent Judge. Those prosecuted on account of political crimes or common crimes in connection with political ones, can only be taken therefrom in case they have embarked in a port of the State which claims them, during their stay in its jurisdictional waters, and after the requirements hereinbefore set forth in the case of common crimes have been fulfilled.

XI. The Diplomatic and Consular Agents of the Contracting Republics in foreign cities, towns and ports shall afford to the persons, vessels and other property of the citizens of any one of them, the same protection as to the persons, ships and other properties of their compatriots, without demanding for their services other or higher charges than those usually made with respect to their nationals.

XII. In the desire of promoting commerce between the Contracting Republics, their respective Governments shall agree upon the establishment of national merchant marines engaged in coastwise commerce and the arrangements to be made with and the subsidies to be granted to steamship companies engaged in the trade between national and foreign ports.

XIII. There shall be a complete and regular exchange of every class of official publications between the Contracting Parties.

XIV. Public instruments executed in one of the Contracting Republics shall be valid in the others, provided they shall have been properly authenticated and in their execution the laws of the Republic whence they issue shall have been observed.

XV. The judicial authorities of the Contracting Republics shall carry out the judicial commissions and warrants in civil, commercial or criminal matters, with regard to citations, interrogatories and other acts of procedure or judicial function.

Other judicial acts, in civil or commercial matters, arising out of a personal suit, shall have in the territory of any one of the Contracting Parties equal force with those of the local tribunals and shall be executed in the same manner, provided always that they shall first have been declared executory by the Supreme Tribunal of the Republic wherein they are to be executed, which shall be done if they meet the essential requirements of their respective legislation and they shall be carried out in accordance with the laws enacted in each country for the execution of judg

ments.

XVI. Desiring to prevent one of the most frequent causes of disturbances in the Republics, the Contracting Governments shall not permit the leaders or principal chiefs of political refugees, nor their agents, to reside in the departments bordering on the countries whose peace they might disturb.

Those who may have established their permanent residence in a frontier department may remain in the place of heir residence

under the immediate surveillance of the Government affording them an asylum, but from the moment when they become a menace to public order they shall be included in the rule of the preceding paragraph.

XVII. Every person, no matter what his nationality, who, within the territory of one of the Contracting Parties, shall initiate or foster revolutionary movements against any of the others, shall be immediately brought to the capital of the Republic, where he shall be submitted to trial according to law.

XVIII. With respect to the Bureau of Central American Republics which shall be established in Guatemala, and with respect to the Pedagogical Institute which is to be created in Costa Rica, the Conventions celebrated to that end, shall be observed, and those that refer to Extradition, Communications, and Annual Conferences, shall remain in full force for the unification of Central American interests.

XIX. The present Treaty shall remain in force for the term of ten years counted from the day of the exchange of ratifications. Nevertheless, if one year before the expiration of said term, none of the Contracting Parties shall have given special notice to the others concerning its intention to terminate it, it shall remain in force until one year after such notification shall have been made.

XX. The stipulations of the Treaties heretofore concluded among the Contracting Countries, being comprised or suitably modified in this, it is declared that all stipulations remain void and revoked by the present, after final approval and exchange of ratifications.

XXI. The exchange of ratifications of the present Treaty, as well as that of the other Conventions of this date, shall be made by means of communications which are to be addressed by the Governments to that of Costa Rica, in order that the latter shall notify the other Contracting States. The Government of Costa Rica shall also communicate its ratification if it effects it.

Signed at the city of Washington on the 20th day of December, 1907.

ADDITIONAL CONVENTION to the General Treaty between the Governments of Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador, respecting Recognition of Governments, Intervention and Re-election of Presidents.-Signed at Washington, December 20, 1907.

[Ratified by all the Signatory States, February and March, 1908.]

THE Governments of the Republics of Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador, have seen fit to conclude a Convention additional to the General Treaty, and to that end have named as Delegates :

Costa Rica: Their Excellencies Doctor Don Luis Anderson and Don Joaquín B. Calvo;

Guatemala: Their Excellencies Doctor Don Antonio Batres Jáuregui, Doctor Don Luis Toledo Herrarte, and Don Victor Sánchez Ocaña;

Honduras Their Excellencies Doctor Don Policarpo Bonilla, Doctor Don Angel Ugarte, and Don E. Constantino Fiallos; Nicaragua: Their Excellencies Doctors Don José Madriz and Don Luis F. Corea; and

Salvador

Their Excellencies Doctor Don Salvador Gallegos, Doctor Don Salvador Rodríguez González, and Don Federico Mejía.

By virtue of the invitation sent in accordance with Article II of the Protocol signed at Washington September 17, 1907,† by the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the five Central American Republics, their Excellencies, the Representative of the Government of the United Mexican States, Ambassador Don Enrique C. Creel, and the Representative of the Government of the United States of America, Mr. William I. Buchanan, were present at all the deliberations.

The Delegates assembled in the Central American Peace Conference at Washington, after having communicated to one another their respective full powers, which they found to be in due form, have agreed to carry out the said purpose in the following manner :

ART. I. The Governments of the High Contracting Parties shall not recognize any other Government which may come into power in any of the five Republics as a consequence of a coup d'état, or of a revolution against the recognized Government, so long as the freely elected representatives of the people thereof have not constitutionally reorganized the country.

II. No Government of Central America shall in case of civil war intervene in favour of or against the Government of the country where the struggle takes place.

III. The Governments of Central America, in the first place, are recommended to endeavour to bring about, by the means at their *See page 835. + See page 834.

command, a constitutional reform in the sense of prohibiting the re-election of the President of a Republic, where such prohibition does not exist, secondly to adopt all measures necessary to effect a complete guarantee of the principle of alternation in power.

Signed at the city of Washington on the 20th day of December, 1907.

CONVENTION between the Governments of Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador, for the Establishment of a Central American Court of Justice.Signed at Washington, December 20, 1907.

[Ratified by all the Signatory States, February and March, 1908.]

THE Governments of the Republics of Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Salvador, for the purpose of efficaciously guaranteeing their rights and maintaining peace and harmony inalterably in their relations, without being obliged to resort in any case to the employment of force, have agreed to conclude a Convention for the constitution of a Court of Justice charged with accomplishing such high aims, and, to that end, have named as Delegates:

Costa Rica: Their Excellencies Doctor Don Luis Anderson and Don Joaquín B. Calvo ;

Guatemala: Their Excellencies Doctor Don Antonio Batres Jáuregui, Doctor Don Luis Toledo Herrarte, and Don Victor Sánchez Ocaña.

Honduras Their Excellencies Doctor Don Policarpo Bonilla, Doctor Don Angel Ugarte, and Don E. Constantino Fiallos;

Nicaragua: Their Excellencies Doctors Don José Madriz and Don Luis F. Corea; and

Salvador Their Excellencies Doctor Don Salvador Gallegos, Doctor Don Salvador Rodríguez González, and Don Federico Mejía.

By virtue of the invitation sent in accordance with Article II of the Protocol signed at Washington on September 17, 1907,* by the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the five Central American Republics, their Excellencies, the Representative of the Government of the United Mexican States, Ambassador Don Enrique C. Creel, and the Representative of the Government of the United States of America, Mr. William I. Buchanan, were present at all the deliberations.

The Delegates, assembled in the Central American Peace Conference at Washington, after having communicated to one another their respective full powers, which they found to be in due form, have agreed to carry out the said purpose in the following manner: ART. I. The High Contracting Parties agree by the present Convention to constitute and maintain a permanent tribunal which shall be called the "Central American Court of Justice," to which they bind themselves to submit all controversies or questions which may arise among them, of whatsoever nature and no matter what their origin may be, in case the respective Departments of Foreign Affairs should not have been able to reach an understanding.

II. This Court shall also take cognizance of the questions which individuals of one Central American country may raise against any of the other Contracting Governments, because of the violation of Treaties or Conventions, and other cases of an international character; no matter whether their own Government supports said claim or not; and provided that the remedies which the laws of the respective country provide against such violation shall have been exhausted or that denial of justice shall have been shown.

III.† It shall also take cognizance of the cases which by common accord the Contracting Governments may submit to it, no matter whether they arise between two or more of them or between one of the said Governments and individuals.

IV. The Court can likewise take cognizance of the international questions which by special agreement any one of the Central American Governments and a foreign Government may have determined to submit to it.

V. The Central American Court of Justice shall sit at the City of Cartago, in the Republic of Costa Rica, but it may temporarily transfer its residence to another point in Central America whenever it deems it expedient for reasons of health, or in order to insure the exercise of its functions, or of the personal safety of its

members.

* See page 834.

The text of this Article was corrected by an additional Protocol of the same date, see page 847.