Page images
PDF
EPUB

PREFACE

The principal aim of this study is to present statistical and other informational data concerning the numerous labor problems that arose in the United States during the recent war, and to outline the development of war labor administration. The data were gathered during the war period and the study was completed shortly after the cessation of hostilities. No pretense is made to discuss the developments that have taken place in the period of reconstruction, except where it has seemed necessary to add data to round out certain phases of the presentation. The conclusions in the final chapter were formulated in the light of the war experiences of the United States and, altho the months subsequent to the signing of the armistice have uncovered developments that may seem to invalidate some of the conclusions regarding the future relations of capital and labor, the author is still of the opinion that his analysis has adequate basis in fact and that future developments will sustain his conclusions.

This opportunity is taken to express the writer's appreciation of the very valuable criticisms and suggestions made by Professor John A. Fairlie of the University of Illinois, who has read the manuscript. The author is especially indebted to his wife, Anna E. Watkins, whose constant coöperation has made this study possible.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

NATURE AND ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM

I. ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION AND THE LABOR PROBLEM

Economic Readjustments, 18. Labor Problems, 23.

II. THE ATTITUDE OF AMERICAN LABOR TOWARD THE WAR

The Socialist Party and the War, 29. Labor and Pro-

duction, 38. Labor Conscription Proposed, 41. The

Loyalty of Labor, 43.

III. LABOR CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PRODUCTION

The Labor Supply and its Distribution, 51. Labor

Turnover, 59. Inequality in Wage Scales, 61. Indus-

trial Housing and Transportation, 63. Labor Effi-

ciency, 66. Women and Children in Industry, 68.

Labor Safeguards, 75. Industrial Unrest, 78.

IV. ANALYSIS OF RECENT INDUSTRIAL UNREST

Summary of Causes, 88. High Cost of Living, 89.

Inequality in Wage Standards, 100. Demand for

Shorter Hours, 101. Faulty Distribution of the Labor

Supply and the Absence of Machinery for Better Dis-

tribution, 104. Absentee Ownership and Control of

Industry, 105. Autocratic Government in Industry,

105. Inadequate Means for Adjusting Labor Disputes,

106. Prevalence of Profiteering, 106. The Spread of

Internationalism, 108. Inadequate Housing and

Transportation Facilities, 109. The Lack of Desirable

Social Environment in Industrial Neighborhoods, 109.

Adjustment of Compensation for Overtime, Night-

Work and Holidays, 109. Discrimination against

Union Employees, and the Use of Intimidation and Co-

ercion by both Employers and Workers, 109. Demand

for Recognition of the Union, 110. Undesirable Con-

ditions of Employment, 111. Demand for a Minimum

Wage Scale, 112. Employment of Women, 112. De-

ductions from Wages, 113. The Use of the Permit

System, 113. Discounting Orders for Money Advanced

to Workmen, 114. The Apprentice System, 115. De-

mand for Specific and More Frequent Pay-Days, 115.

The Polyglot Character of the Working Force, 115

« PreviousContinue »