with 80 veterans, men who lived for adventure alone. But, during the interim, Carvajal had taken refuge in Brownsville and had been compelled to leave his money behind him in Matamoros. Young and his men hung around Brownsville for about a week, and then started overland up the Rio Grande on the Texas side, destined to San Ygnacio, expecting to cross the Rio Grande there and to be in time to engage in some of the anticipated battles. Being short of fu1ds and being halfstarved, they appropriated several head of cattle for food and a number of horses for locomotion. The Mexican ranch owners on the Texas side, accompanied by several Americans, followed Young's party to San Ygnacio and near there fired upon them, killing several and wounding a number. Young was killed as he endeavored to swim the river. He had promised Sheridan that he would not fire on American soil and he faithfully kept his word. Eighteen of the party were captured and on December 2, 1866, were sentenced at Brownsville to a year's confinement in the state penitentiary. Those who escaped into Mexico, assisted the Imperialists at the battle of Santa Gertrudis.

Until the completion of the St. L. B. & M. Ry. into Brownsville during June, 1904, a regular stage route was at first maintained between Brownsville and Corpus Christi and later between Brownsville and Collins and Alice, stations on the TexasMexican Railway between Corpus Christi and Laredo. The old road departed from the City of Brownsville just east of the graveyard; thence proceeded along the present highway to a point just east of Olmito; thence to the northeast within a mile from Palo Alto monument and through what is now known as the FRESXOS COLONY, ten miles north from Brownsville; from there due north to the Arroyo Colorado; thence through Rancho El Sauz to a point about ten miles west of the La Parra ranch called Santa Rosa; thence to Paso de la Piedra and Paso Ancho over Los Olmos Creek, through Santa Gertrudis (King's

Ranch) to Collins or Alice as stated. This road had been maintained by the Spaniards as a road to Goliad and San Antonio, Texas, for more than 150 years. After the sinking of the Confederate Alabama, Raphael Semmes, its intrepid commander, passed over this road going north from Matamoros, Mexico, where he had landed in his efforts to keep within neutral or Confederate territory.

Naval Act1ons Off The R1o Grande And Brazos De Sant1ago:

About six real engagements in which firing took place, occurred off the mouth of the Rio Grande and Brazos, and as these were of no great importance, this will serve as the only reference thereto. The only incident out of the ordinary being that of the capture of Acting Master Charles T. Chase, commanding U. S, Gunboat Antona.

On July 24, 1863, the Antona anchored off the mouth of the Rio Grande and immediately thereafter Acting Master Chase, in citizen's clothes went ashore at Bagdad, ostensibly to forward a letter to the U. S. Consul at Matamoros. Late in the afternoon he took a Mexican boat called the Margarita to return to the Antona. In beating out of the river she had to follow the channel which carried her close to the Texas shore. While close, she was hailed by a party of eight or ten men on the Texas side who commanded the boatman to come to them or they would fire. As the boat touched the Texas shore Mr. Chase was taken out and sent to Brownsville. Acting Master S. V. Bennis, the next in command, cruised about until the next day and then, after satisfying himself of the truth of the report of the capture of Chase, proceeded to Galveston. In the report made by Chase on August 13, 1863, he says that upon being presented to General Bee the next morning, the General offered to liberate him under parole, which parole, he, Chase, refused to accept.

CAPT. MIFFLIN KENEDY was born in Downington, Chester County, Pa., on June 8, 1818, and died at his ranch, La Parra, Cameron County, Texas, on March 14, 1895. His ancestors immigrated from Ireland. In 1835, young Kenedy shipped before the mast on the ship Star of Philadelphia, on voyage to Calcutta. In 1846, Capt. Kenedy proceeded to New Orleans and enlisted for the war with Mexico. He afterwards transported Gen. Taylor and his staff and part of his troops from Matamoros to Camarga, Mexico.

Capt. Kenedy and Capt. Richard King, during 1850 organized a steamboat company under the name of M. Kenedy & Co., and between 1850 and 1865 purchased and used on the Rio Grande 26 boats. In 1876 Kenedy, King, and Uriah Lott built the Corpus Christi, San Diego, and Rio Grande narrow gauge railroad from Corpus to Laredo, 163 miles. Afterwards Captain Kenedy assisted to organize the San Antonia and Aransas Pass Railway. Captain Kenedy supplied the money and credit for the construction of the first seven hundred miles. Captain Kenedy was married on April 16, 1852, to Mrs. Petra Vela de Vidal of Mier, Mexico. They ad six children of whom two survive, John G. Kenedy, owner and head f the Kenedy Pasture Company, and Mrs. Sarah Spohn of Corpus.

After further discussion, however, General Bee liberated him unconditionally and even offered to return him to the mouti of the river. Chase declined this offer and returned by way of Matamoros.

Hereinbefore reference has been made to the CORTINA RAID which occurred in 1859, and to the fact that Major Heintzelman, U. S. Army, Tobin's Rangers, and Brownsville citizens drove him, Cortina, from his stronghold near Brownsville. As a Recuerdo the names of the civilians are here now given, as follows:

Company A, Brownsville Citizens, for service under Major Heintzelman, U. S. Army.

Mifflin Kenedy, Captain, R. B. Kingsbury, Dan O'Boyle, Wm. Stalworth, Ruben Norris, Antonio Espinosa, Pedro Reyes, Wm. Smith, Joe L. Putegnat, John F. Clark, E. Jeff Kenedy, Robert L. Dalzell, F. T. Post, Peter Sharkey, Alexander Werbiski, O. S. Seaver, John Flynn, Wm. Stone, Luke Bust, Henry Ligon, Wm. Nelson, T. Johnson, Franklin Cummings, George Ward, George Thompson, Francis J. Parker, G. T. Waugh, John Graham, Idelfonso Martinez, Israel B. Bigelow, Captain Kerr, Gun Cannon, L. A. Neale, Wm. Kepple, Robert Shears, Richard Swenck, Mortimer N. Stevens, John McGloin, H. Manschalk. James George, Lieutenant Langdon, G. T. Johnson, G. Dillard, H. Leget, Joe Hernandez, Howard, Sawyer, Johnson, Stevens, Joe Richards, P. Griffin, Samuel P. Gelston, Jeff Barthelow, Henry Webb, Matthew Kivlen, Hartshorn, Ed Dougherty, J. B. Gray, Nicholas Chano.

These civilians were the first to pursue Cortina's band after his invasion of Brownsville in 1859. With a small cannon presented to them by Gen. Pedro Hinojosa, they followed Cortina nine miles. There the Civilian Company was ambushed. They brought the cannon to the rescue. It exploded. According to

the statement of the Captain, while it took about a day to make the nine miles in pursuit, it took about half an hour to make the same distance on the retreat.

The Monroe Doctr1ne, 1823:

(From an official communication directed to the Emperor of Russia by James Monroe, President of the United States of America.)

At the proposal of the Russian Imperial Government, made through the minister of the Emperor residing here, a full power and instructions have been transmitted to the Minister of the United States at St. Petersburgh, to arrange, by amicable negotiation, the respective rights and interests of the two nations on the northwest coast of this continent. A similar proposal had been made by his Imperial Majesty to the government of Great Britain, which has likewise been acceded to. The government of the United States has been desirous, by this friendly proceeding, of manifesting the great value which they have invariably attached to the friendship of the Emperor, and their solicitude to cultivate the best understanding with his government. In the discussions to which this interest has given rise, and in the arrangements by which they may terminate, the occasion has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.

It was stated at the commencement of the last session, that a great effort was then making in Spain and Portugal, to improve the condition of the people of those countries, and that it appeared to be conducted with extraordinary moderation. It need scarcely be remarked, that the result has been, so far, very different from what was then anticipated. Of events in that quarter of the globe, with which we have so much intercourse, and from which