Conquest, acquisition of title by, 99; termination of war by, 270, 271. Consolato del Mare. See Sea Laws.
courts as to, 139-141; extradition for, 142-146.
Crusades, influence of, 16, 19. Cuba, intervention in case of, 85. Custom, practice and usage, 29, 30. Customs of Amsterdam. See Sea Laws.
Constitution of the United States as to ambassadors, etc., 31, 183, 184; citizens of the United States, 123; naturalization, 125; criminal pros- ecutions, 179; treaties, 207. Consulates, development of, 18. Consuls, jurisdiction of Supreme Court as to, 31; exemptions of, 137; courts of, 140, 141; histori- | Deceit involving perfidy, 252, 253. cally considered, 186; rank of, 188; nomination of, 189; functions of, 190; powers of, in Eastern and non-Christian states, 193, 194; priv- ileges and immunities of, 194 196; vacating the office of, 196, 197.
Death of diplomatic agent, proceed- ings in case of, 172.
Debts, law as to, in time of war, 274.
Declaration of Paris, agreed to by the United States, 33; provisions of, 247, 255, 302, 303, 315, 317; form of, 247, 398.
Declaration of war, 231, 232; block- ade, 316.
Declarations, defined, 200, 212.
Continuous voyages, rule as to, 320- Definition of international law, 3; a
Contraband of war, capture of, 247, 297; what is, 303-306; penalty for carrying, 306, 307; difference be- tween, and unneutral service, 308- 310; visit and search for, 310-313; rule of, in case of, 313, 314; rela- tions of, to blockade, 314-319; vio- lation of blockade, 319, 320; con- tinuous voyages, 320-324; prize and prize courts, 324-328; visit and search for, 311. Contributions, what they are, 242, 243.
Convention, difference between, and treaty, 199. See Treaties. Convoy, vessels under, 313, 314. Corporations, status of, 54.
state, 39, 40; of neutralized states, 51; of corporations, 54; insurgents, 56; belligerents, 59; jurisdiction, 96; territorial domain, etc., 97; prescription, 101; nationality, 121; diplomacy, 151; treaties, 198; non- hostile redress, 220; retorsion, 220; reprisals, 221; embargo, 221; Pa- cific blockade, 223; war, 229; con- tributions, 243; requisitions, 243; booty, 244; belligerent occupation, 251; prisoners of war, 262; cartel, 265; cartel ship, 265; license to trade, 266; capitulation, 269; neu- trality, 277; neutralization, 278; contraband of war, 303; unneutral service, 308; convoy, 313; block- ade, 314; prize, 324.
Correspondence, diplomatic and con- Denmark, intervention in affairs of,
Courts of admiralty, 30; prize, 30, 324-328; arbitration, 31; domestic matters, 31.
Crete, Pacific blockade of, 223,
Crew of merchant vessels, status of, 236.
80; jurisdiction of, over Danish Sound and Two Belts, 109. Denunciation of treaties, 216. Devastation forbidden in war, 254. Diplomatic agents, exemptions of, 137; laws as to, 152-197. Diplomatic negotiation as a means of settling disputes, 218.
Crimes, jurisdiction of consular Diplomatic papers. See State Papers.
Diplomatic relations, breaking off of, Feudalism, influence of, 16, 19.
Discovery of America, 18; a method of acquiring territory, 98. Dispatches, carriage of, 308. Disputes, amicable settlement of, 217-225.
Domicile, papers proving, 128. Draft of treaties, 203.
"Due diligence," in the Alabama case, 297.
Eastern and non-Christian states, powers of consuls in, 193-196. East India Company, powers of, 54,
Educational institutions, exemption of, 239, 240.
Egypt, relations of, to Great Powers, 92; mixed courts of, 141. Embargo, defined, 221, 222. "Enemy's ships, enemy's goods," doctrine of, 22, 300. Enemy subjects, status of, 238. English orders in council of 1806 and 1807, 315.
Enlistment of troops for belligerent service, 295.
Envoys. See Ambassadors, Diplo- matic Agents.
Equality of states, 68, 88-93.
Equity, a basis of international law, 10.
Estuaries, as affecting jurisdiction, 108.
Exchange, as a means of acquiring
territory, 100; of prisoners of war, 263, 265.
Exequatur, form of, 190; what it relates to, 190, 191, 194, 195. Exploration, exemption of vessels engaged in, 245, 246. Exterritoriality, what it is, 134 et seq., 177.
Extradition, law as to, 141-146.
Financial transactions, intervention on the ground of, 86, 87. Fisheries, on the high seas, 114; Canadian, 114-116; Bering Sea, 116.
Fishing vessels, exemption of, from capture, 246.
Flags of truce, use of, 253, 264, 265, 267-269, 272.
Foraging, when may be resorted to,
Forbidden methods in war, 252-254. Foreign-born subjects, jurisdiction over, 122.
Foreign Enlistment Act of Great Britain, 283.
France, recognition of republic of, 45-47; relation of, to balance of power, 83; one of the Great Powers, 90; friendship of, with Russia, 93; sale of territory to, by Monaco, 101; by Sweden, 101; partition of Africa by, 103; jurisdiction of, over certain gulfs, 108; treaty of, with England as to enclosed waters, 108; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111; jurisdiction over for- eign merchantmen within her ports, 120, 121; as to foreign-born subjects, 122-124; marriage, 125; naturalization, 127; sale of forests of, by Prussians, 261; termination of wars of, 271; relations of, to neutrality and neutralization, 278, 279; citizens of, on expedition dur- ing Franco-German War, 289; views of, as to horses as contra- band, 305.
"Free ships, free goods," doctrine of, 247, 278, 300-303.
Gallatin, Minister, liability of ser- vant of, to local jurisdiction, 180. Garfield, President, testimony of foreign minister at trial of assas- sin of, 179.
Genêt, M., action of, as to privateers
in the United States, 282; consular prize courts of, 325. Geneva Arbitration, treaty as to, 204; the Alabama case at the, 297. Geneva Convention, as laying down new rules, 32; sick and wounded under, 264, 280; provisions of, 395- 399.
Germany, recognition of, 44; one of the Great Powers, 90; a party to the Triple Alliance, 92; partition of Africa by, 103; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111; juris- diction of, over foreign-born sub- jects, 123, 124; citizens of, in China, 131; volunteer navy of, 255; sale of French forests by, 261; application of, to transport wounded across Belgium, 287; law of, as to prize money, 327. Gift, as a means of acquiring terri- tory, 100.
Good offices, settlement of disputes by resorting to, 218.
Government of armies of United States, 331-365.
Grant, President, recognition of France by, 45; proclamation of, as to belligerent vessels leaving United States ports, 291, 292. Great Britain, diplomatic papers of, 34; protectorates of, 52, 53; power of, over various companies, 54, 55; recognition of belligerency by, 60; relations of, to treaty of Utrecht, 76; difference of, with Venezuela, 78; intervention of, in affairs of Denmark, 80; relation of, to bal- ance of power, 83; one of the Great Powers, 90; attitude of, at the congress of Troppau, 90; Verona, 91; cession of Horse-shoe Reef by, to United States, 100; sale of ter- ritory to, by Netherlands, 101; partition of Africa by, 103; treaty of, with France as to enclosed waters, 108; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111; attitude of, as to the three-mile limit, 112-114;
treaties of, as to Canadian fish- eries, 114-116; Bering Sea, 116, 117; territorial waters jurisdic- tion act of, 120; jurisdiction of, over foreign-born subjects, 123; attitude of, as to naturalization, 127; jurisdiction of, over aliens, 131; immunities of diplomatic agents of, 180 et seq.; protectorate of, over Ionian Islands, 214; war of, with the Transvaal, 230; volun- teer navy of, 256; guaranty of, as to Suez Canal, 280; neutrality laws of, 283; attitude of, as to, Terceira affair, 288; Alabama case, 297; contraband, 307; convoy, 313; blockade, 319, 320; continuous voyages, 320-324; law of, as to prize money, 327.
Great Powers, enumeration of, 90; policy of, 90-93.
Greece, in early international law,
13; recognition of, 44; interven- tion in affairs of, 84, 211; attitude of Great Powers as to, 91, 92, 279; recall of citizens by, 130; pacific blockade of, 223; volunteer navy of, 256.
Guaranty, treaties of, 211; as to canals, 279, 280.
Guerilla troops, status of, 236. Guidon de la Mar. See Sea Laws. Gulfs, as affecting jurisdiction, 108.
Hanseatic League, treaty of, as to
tolls, 109. See Sea Laws. Harbors, neutrality of, 287. "Hinterland Doctrine," explained, 99, 104.
Historical collections, exemption of, 247.
Holy Alliance, relations of, to Mon- roe Doctrine, 77; to intervention, 84; opposition of, to popular liberty, 91.
Horses, as contraband of war, 305. Hospital flag, use of, 253. Hospital ships, exemption of, 245, 246; neutralization of, 280.
Immunities and privileges of diplo- matic agents, 175-182; consuls, 194-197.
Independence of states, 68, 74-87. Indians, extinguishment of title of, 99.
Individuals under international law, 56.
Inequalities among states, court prec-
edence, 89; matters of ceremonial, 89; weight of influence, 89-93. Institute of international law, as to marine jurisdiction, 113; pacific blockade, 223.
Instructions to diplomatic agents, 163, 202; for United States armies, 331-365.
Insurgents, who are, 56-58. Intercourse of states, 70. International law, definition and general scope of, 3-5; nature of, 6-11; historical development of, in early period, 12-14; in middle period, 14-19; in modern period, 19-24; writers, 24-28; sources of, practice and usage, 29, 30; prec- edent and decisions, 30, 31; treaties and state papers, 31-33; text writers, 33, 34; diplomatic papers, 34, 35; states, definition, 39, 40; nature, 40, 41; recognition of new, 41-49; legal persons having qualified status, members of con- federations, etc., 50, 51; neutral- ized states, 51, 52; protectorates, suzerainties, etc., 51-53; corpora- tions, 54, 55; individuals, 56; in- surgents, 56–58; belligerents,59–63; communities not fully civilized,
63, 64; general rights and obliga- tions of states, existence, 67, 68; independence, 68; equality, 68, 69; jurisdiction, 69; property, 69, 70; intercourse, 70; existence, appli- cation of the right, 71, 72; ex- tension of the right to subjects, 72, 73; independence, manner of exer- cise, 74, 75; balance of power, 75, 76; Monroe Doctrine, 77, 78; non- intervention, 78, 79; practice as to intervention, 79-87; equality in general, 88, 89; inequalities, 89- 93; jurisdiction, in general, 96; domain, 97, 98; method of acquisi- tion, 98-102; qualified, 103, 104; maritime and fluvial, 104, 105; rivers, 105, 106; navigation of rivers, 106-108; enclosed waters, 108-112; the three-mile limit, 112– 114; fisheries, 114-117; vessels, 117-121; personal, general-nation- ality, 121, 122; natural-born sub- jects, 122; foreign-born subjects, 122-124; acquired nationality, 125– 130; jurisdiction over aliens, 130- 133; exemptions from jurisdiction, 134, 135; sovereigns, 135, 136; state officers and property, 136- 139; special exemptions, 139–141; extradition, 142-146; servitudes, 146, 147; property, in general, 148, 149; of the state, 149; diplomacy and international relations in time of peace, general development, 151, 152; diplomatic agents, 152- 159; suite, 160; who may send diplomatic agents, 160, 161; who may be sent, 161, 162; credentials, instructions, passport, 162-165; ceremonial, 165-170; functions, 170-172; termination of mission, 172-175; immunities and privi- leges, 175-182; diplomatic practice of the United States, 183-186; consuls, 186-197; treaties, defini- tion, 198, 199; other forms of international agreements, 199-202; negotiation of, 202–209; validity of,
209-210; classification of, 210-212; interpretation of, 212-214; ter- mination of, 214-216; amicable settlement of disputes, 217-219; non-hostile redress, 220; retorsion, 220, 221; reprisals, 221; embargo, 221, 222; Pacific blockade, 223- 225; war, definition, 229; com- mencement, 229, 230; declaration, 231, 232; object, 232, 233; general effects, 233, 234; status of persons in war, persons affected by war, 235; combatants, 235-237; non- combatants, 237, 238; status of property on land, public property of the enemy, 239, 240; real prop- erty of enemy subjects, 240, 241; personal property of enemy sub- jects, 241-244; status of property at sea, vessels, 245, 246; goods, 247; submarine telegraphic cables, 248; conduct of hostilities, bellig- erent occupation, 250-252; forbid- den methods, 252-254; privateers, 254, 255; volunteer and auxiliary navy, 255-257; capture and ran- som, 257-259; postliminium, 260- 262; prisoners and their treatment, 262-264; non-hostile relations of belligerents, 264-269; termination of war, methods of, 270; by con- quest, 270, 271; by cessation of hos- tilities, 271, 272; treaty of peace, 272-274; definition of neutrality, 277; forms of neutrality and of neutralization, 277-280; history, 280-283; declaration, 283, 284; divisions, 284; relations of neutral states and belligerent states, gen- eral principles of the relations between states, 285, 286; neutral territorial jurisdiction, 286-289; regulations of neutral relations, 289-293; no direct assistance by neutral, 293-295; positive obliga- tions of a neutral state, 295-297; neutral relations between states and individuals: ordinary com- merce, 299-303; contraband, 303- Koszta, case of, 129, 130.
306; penalty for carrying contra- band, 306, 307; unneutral service, 308-310; visit and search, 310–313; convoy, 313, 314; blockade, 314- 319; violation of blockade, 319, 320; continuous voyages, 320-324; prize and prize courts, 324-328. Internment of belligerent troops, 286, 290.
Interpretation of treaties, 212-214. Intervention in affairs of other nations, 77-87.
Ionian Islands, protectorate of, 23, 214.
Islands, title to, when formed in rivers, 102.
Italy, one of the Great Powers, 90; relation of, to the Triple Alliance, 92; partition of Africa by, 103; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111.
Jackson, President, attitude of, as to the Falkland Islands, 46. Japan, recognition of, 43, 44, juris- diction of, over aliens, 131, 132; freedom of Emperor of, from suit, 136; treaty of United States with, as to consular functions, 193; ter- mination of treaty of, with China, 215; prize law of, 246, 313; treaty of peace of, with China, 272; atti- tude of, as to convoy, 314. Jettison of cargo, 13. Jurisdiction of states, 69, 94 et seq.; of diplomatic agents, 175-182; consuls, 193-196; over batants, 237; neutral territorial, 286-289; in case of blockade, 314- 324; as to prize courts, 325. See International Law.
Jus belli, early international law,
Jus fetiale, defined, 7, 13. Jus gentium, defined, 7, 14. Jus inter gentes, defined, 7, 14. Jus naturale, defined, 6.
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