by a few females in the west of London in Aug. 1851; but, though recommended by some American ladies in popular lectures, it was soon totally discontinued. Dreux (N.W. France). Here Montmorenci defeated the Huguenots under Condé, 19 Dec. 1562. Here is the burying-place of the Orleans family since 1816. The duke of Guise, aged 18, the last surviving child of the duc d'Aumale, was buried here 27 July, 1872. The bodies of king Louis Philippe and others of his family were brought here from England and buried, 9 June, 1876. Drill Review OF CHILDREN, see Education, 1870. Drilling-machines, in agriculture. One was invented by Jethro Tull, early in the last century. Drink, see Drunkards. The fountain at the Royal Exchange, with the statue of Char- Drogheda (E. Ireland), formerly Tredagh, a place of great importance, having the privilege of coining money. Here was passed Poynings's law (which see) in 1494. In the reign of Edward VI. an act was passed for the foundation of a university here. The town was besieged several times in the contests between 1641 and 1691, and Cromwell took it by storm, and put the governor, sir A. Aston, and the whole of the garrison, to the sword, 12 Sept. 1649. More than 3000 men, most of them English, perished. It surrendered to William III. in 1690. Drugs, sales regulated by Sale of Food and Drugs act, passed 11 Aug. 1875; see Pharmacy. Druids. Gauls, and Britons, so named from their veneration for Priests, among the ancient Germans, the oak (Brit. derw). They administered sacred things, were the interpreters of the gods, and supreme judges. They headed the Britons who opposed Cæsar's first landing, 55 B.C., and were exterminated by the Roman governor, Suetonius Paulinus, A.D. 61. Drum: the invention is ascribed to Bacchus, who, according to Polyænus, "gave his signals of battle with cymbals and drums." It was used by the Egyptians; and brought by the Moors into Spain, 1713. The drum, or drum capstan, for weighing anchors, was invented by sir S. Morland in 1685.-Anderson. Drumclog (W. Scotland). Here the covenanters defeated Graham of Claverhouse on 1 June, 1679. An account of the conflict is given by Walter Scott in "Old Mortality." Drumcondra, see Roman Catholic. Drunkards were to be excommunicated in the early church, 59 (1 Cor. v. 11). In England, a canon law forof Scots, punished it with death, 870. By 21 James I. bade drunkenness in the clergy, 747. Constantine, king lings, or six hours in the stocks; see Temperance aud c. 7, 1623, a drunkard was liable to a penalty of five shil Teetotaler. A commission to inquire into the prevalence of intem- .30 July, 1879 The establishment of an industrial home for intemperate 1881 Drury-lane Theatre derives its origin from a cockpit which was converted into a theatre in the reign of James I. It was rebuilt and called the Phoenix; and Charles II. granted an exclusive patent to Thomas KilDromore, BISHOPRIC OF (N.E. Ireland), founded ligrew, 25 April, 1662. The actors were called "the by St. Coleman, first bishop, about 556. By an extent king's servants," and ten of them, called "gentlemen of returned 15 James I., this see was valued in the king's the great chamber," had an annual allowance of ten books at 50%. Jeremy Taylor was bishop of Down and yards of scarlet cloth, with lace; see under Theatres. Connor in 1660, and of this see in 1661. In 1842 Dro-Drury-lane Theatrical Fund established 1766. more was united to Down by the Irish Church Temporalities Act of 1833. Druses, a warlike people dwelling among the mountains of Lebanon, derive their origin from a fanatical Drontheim, capital of Norway, founded by Olaf I. Mahometan sect which arose in Egypt about 996, and about 998. Drowned in inland waters in England and Wales, 1877, 2662. fled to Palestine to avoid persecution. They now retain hardly any of the religion of their ancestors: they eat pork and drink wine, and do not practise circumcision, pray, or fast. In the middle of 1860, in consequence of disputes (in which doubtless both parties were to blame), the Druses attacked their neighbors the Maronites (which see), whom they massacred, it was said, without regard to age or sex. Peace was made in July; but in the meantime a religious fury seized the Mahometan population of the neighboring cities, and a general massacre of Christians ensued. Fuad Pacha with Turkish troops, and gen. Hautpoul with French auxiliaries, invaded Lebanon in Aug. and Sept. The Druses surrendered, giving up their chiefs, Jan. 1861; see Damascus and Syria. four to ten times more powerful than gunpowder), comDualin, a new explosive substance (said to be from posed of varying proportions of cellulose (woody fibre), nitro-starch, nitro-mannite, and nitro-cellulose; invented by Carl Ditmar, a Prussian, and made known in 1870. 964 This name is also given to another explosive compound, invented by Mr. Nobel, composed of ammonia and sawdust, acted on by nitro-sulphuric acid. Dualism, a term applied to the principles of the advocates for a separate government of Hungary under the emperor of Austria; effected in 1867. Dublin, capital of Ireland, anciently called Ashcled, said to have been built 140. Auliana, daughter of Alpinus, a lord or chief among the Irish, having been drowned at the ford where now Whitworth bridge is built, he changed the name to Auliana, by Ptolemy called Eblana (afterwards corrupted into Dublana). Alpinus is said to have brought "the then rude hill into the form of a town," about 155; see Ireland and Trinity Colleges. Christianity established by St. Patrick, and St. Patrick's cathedral founded.. .....about 448 798 Dublin environed with walls by the Danes.. 1213 1308 1409 State-trial of Wm. Smith O'Brien and Meagher in Dublin, 15 May, [These persons were afterwards tried at Clonmel, and found guilty.] Trial of Mitchel; guilty... Irish Felon newspaper first published.. Nation and Irish Felon suppressed.. Conviction of O'Doherty.. The queen visits Dublin.. .26 May, .1 July, 29 July, ...1 Nov. Royal Exchange opened as a city hall. .6 Aug. 1849 .30 Sept. 1852 Dublin industrial exhibition, which owed its existence to Mr. Dargan, who advanced 80,000l. for the purpose, was erected by Mr. (afterwards sir) John Benson, in the Dublin society's grounds, near Merrion square. It consisted of one large and two smaller halls, lighted from above. It was opened by earl St. Germains, the lord-lieutenant.. ....12 May, 1853 Visited by the queen and prince Albert 30 Aug.; and closed on... 1 Nov. 66 Acts passed to establish a national gallery, museum, etc., 10 Aug. 1854, and 2 July, 1855 British Association meet here (second time).....26 Aug. 1857 Arrival of lord Eglinton-disgraceful contest between the Trinity College students and the police; the latter severely blamed.. 12 March, 1858 Fine-art exhibition proposed, 20 July, 1860; opened by the lord lieutenant, the earl of Carlisle, 24 May, 1861; visited by the prince of Wales, 1 July; and by the queen and prince consort.. 22 Aug. 1861 National Association for Social Science met..14-22 Aug. Demonstration at the funeral of the rebel M'Manus, 10-12 Nov. Lord Rosse installed as chancellor of the university, 17 Feb. 1863 Archbishop Whately dies, 8 Oct.; succeeded by Richard Chenevix Trench. .Nov. Statue of Oliver Goldsmith inaugurated by the lord lieutenant, 5 Jan. ; who opens the National Gallery of Ireland.. 46 66 30 Jan. 1864 New Richmond hospital, to be called the "Carmichael School of Medicine," founded by lord Carlisle (Mr. Carmichael, the surgeon, bequeathed 10,000l. to it), 29 March, Industrial exhibition opened by the lord chancellor, 25 May, The O'Connell monument founded. ..8 Aug. 1570 St. Patrick's cathedral restored by Mr. Benjamin L. Guin1676 ness; reopened.. .24 Feb. 1865 66 Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, founded.. 1683 James II. arrives in Dublin, 24 March; proclaimed, 4 May, 1689 Great gunpowder explosion Lamps first erected in the city Infirmary, Jervis street, founded.. 1693 1698 1728 Parliament-house begun. 1729 International exhibition closed.. The newspaper The Irish People seized, and several Fenians taken in custody (see Fenians and Ireland), 15 Sept. 9 Nov. The international exhibition opened by the prince of Wales .9 May, 1739 Great fire: Mrs. Delany and five others burned; fire- 1765 Marine Society.. 1766 Queen's bridge first erected, 1684; destroyed by a flood, 1763; rebuilt... Act for a general pavement of the city. Royal Exchange begun, 1769; opened. Order of St. Patrick instituted. .7 June, 1866 .30 Oct. Meeting of Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland. 27 Aug. 1867 Two policemen shot (probably by Fenians) ......31 Oct. Funeral demonstration for Allen, Gould, and Larkin, the 1768 Fenians.... .8 Dec. 1773 Visit of prince of Wales (see Ireland). ...15 April, 1868 1779 Sir Benjamin L. Guinness, benefactor, died......19 May, 1783 Church congress held... ..29 Sept.-2 Oct. Public entry of earl Spencer as lord-lieutenant...16 Jan. 1869 1786 Smith O'Brien's statue unveiled.. ..26 Dec. 1870 State funeral of lord mayor Bulfin (died in office), 16 June, 1871 Fine-art and industrial exhibition opened by the duke of Edinburgh.... ..5 June, 1872 ...30 Nov. 1794 Closed by the lord lieutenant, earl Spencer 66 .14 Dec. 1822 ..19 Sept. 15 April, 1873 Great fire; rioting suppressed by the military...7 June, " Conference on "Home Rule" in the Rotondo, 18-21 Nov. International rifle match, Irish and Americans; Ameri cans won. 46 ..29 June, 1875 Statue of Henry Grattan unveiled. ...6 Jan. 1876 Entry of the duke of Marlborough, new lord lieutenant, 10 Jan. 1877 Freedom of city given to Mr. W. E. Gladstone.....7 Nov. Christ Church cathedral thoroughly restored by Mr. G. E. Street, at the expense of Mr. Henry Roe (above 250,000l.), reopened .1 May, 1878 British Association meet here (third time)...... 14 Aug. Death of cardinal Paul Cullen, Roman Catholic archbishop of Dublin (since 1851), 24 Oct.; successor, monsignor McCabe, elected 28 Nov. Centenary of birth of Thomas Moore celebrated. .28 May, 1879 Theatre Royal burned down; Mr. Egerton, the manager, and 5 others, perish.. .9 Feb. 1880 44 It is supposed that .25 April, 1837 the bishopric of Dublin was founded by St. Patrick in 448. Gregory, bishop in 1121, became archbishop in 1152. It was united to Glandalagh in 1214. George Browne, an Augustine friar of London (deprived by queen Mary in 1554), was the first Protestant archbishop. Dublin has two cathedrals, Christ church and St. Patrick's. The revenue was valued, in the king's books, 30 Henry VIII., at 534/. 15s. 2d. Irish. Kildare, on its last avoidance, was annexed to Dublin, 1846; see Bishops. Ducat, a coin so called because struck by dukes.Johnson. First coined by Longinus, governor of Italy. Procopius. First struck in the duchy of Apulia, 1140.Du Cange. Coined by Robert, king of Sicily, in 1240. Ducking-stool; see Cucking-stool. Duelling took its rise from the judicial combats of the Celtic nations. The first formal duel in England, between William count d'Eu and Godfrey Baynard, took place 1096. Duelling in civil matters was forbid den in France, 1305. Francis I. challenged the emperor Charles V. 1528 without effect. The fight with smallswords was introduced into England, 1587. Proclamation that no person should be pardoned who killed another in a duel, 1679.* Duelling was checked in the army, 1792; and has been abolished in England by the influence of public opinion, aided by the prince consort. A society "for the discouraging of duelling" was established in 1845. "The British Code of Duel" published in 1824, was approved by the duke of Wellington and others; see Battle, Wager of; Combat; and Jarnac. | Mr. Christie killed Mr. Scott.. M. Manuel and Mr. Beaumont. Mr. James Stuart killed Sir Alexander Boswell, 26 March, 1822 The duke of Buckingham and the duke of Bedford; no fatality.... .2 May, Gen. Pepe wounded gen. Carascosa.. Mr. Westall killed capt. Gourlay.. Henry Clay and John Randolph, in America .28 Feb. 1823 1824 1826 .26 Dec. 66 Mr. Beaumont and Mr. Lambton: no result......1 July, Mr. Hayes killed Mr Bric.. Rev. Mr. Hodson wounded Mr. Grady, Duke of Wellington and the earl of Winchelsea; no injury.. Capt. Helsham killed lieut. Crowther. .Aug. 1827 ..21 March, 1829 ...1 April, ..8 Jan. 1830 1728 Mr. W. Lambrecht killed Mr. O. Clayton.. Capt Smith killed Mr. O'Grady. 18 March, 66 Mr. Storey wounded Mr. Matthias. Woodbridge and Phillips, on Boston common. Mr. Purefoy killed col. Roper......... .27 May, 1796 .28 June, 66 .20 Aug. 66 Henry Grattan wounded Isaac Corry 15 Jan. 1800 Lieut. Willis killed major Impey... 26 Aug. 1801 De Witt Clinton and John Swartwout, in America....... 1802 George Ogle and Barnard Coyle; no fatality.. Sir Richard Musgrave and Mr. Todd Jones; sir Richard wounded... 8 June, DeWitt Clinton and Gen. Dayton, in America.. 22 Jan. 1833 Sir John W. Jeffcott and Dr. Hennis; the latter wounded (and died on the 18th). 10 May, Lord Alvanley and Mr. Morgan O'Connell; 2 shots each, Sir Colquhoun Grant and lord Seymour; no Mr. Roebuck, M. P., and Mr. Black, editor of the Capt. Dickson wounded gen. Evans 4 May, 1835 fatality, 29 May, Morning 19 Nov. 8 April, 1836 Mr. Ruthven and Mr. Scott; and Mr. Ruthven and Mr. Close (Mr. Scott's second); the latter wounded, 23 May, Emile de Girardin killed Armand Carrel (both journalists) 24 July, Graves and Cilley, in America... 66 66 .1838 The earl of Cardigan and capt. Tuckett; 2 shots each; the latter wounded (the earl was tried in the house of lords and acquitted, 16 Feb. 1841).. ..12 Sept. 1840 Capt. Boldero and hon. Craven Berkeley; no fatality, 15 July, 1842 Lieut. Monroe killed col. Fawcett..... ..1 (died 3) July, 1843 Lieut. Hawkey killed lieut. Seton. .20 May, 1845 Duc de Grammont Caderousse kills Mr. Dillon at Paris, for a newspaper attack... .....Oct. 1862 Col. Calhoun and major Rhett (Confederate officers); Calhoun killed, at Charleston, S. C.... 66 [Gen. Beauregard refused to enforce the military law against Rhett, who was promoted to Calhoun's place.] Paul de Cassagnac and M. Lissagaray, journalists (latter run through).. ..4 Sept. 1868 Don Enrique de Bourbon killed by the duc de Montpensier, near Madrid, after much provocation...12 March, 1870 Paul de Cassagnac (wounded) and M. Ranc, Paris, 7 July, 1873 Prince Soutza kills N. Ghika at Fontainebleau...27 Nov. (6 MM. Gambetta and De Fortou; neither hit.......21 Nov. 1878 Duels (often nominal) still frequent in France........1875-81 Duke, from Latin, dur, a leader. In England, during Saxon times, the commanders of armies were called dukes, duces.-Camden. In Gen. xxxvi, some of Esau's descendants are termed dukes. Duke-duke was a title given to the house of Sylvia, in Spain, on account of its possessing many duchies. Edward the Black Prince made duke of Cornwall, 17 March, 1337 Robert de Vere was created marquess of Dublin and duke of Ireland, 9 Rich. II.. Robert III. created David, prince of Scotland, duke of Rothsay, a title which afterwards belonged to the king's eldest son, 1398, and is now borne by the prince of Wales. 1385 Taken by Venetians; and held for a short time. 18 Sept. Dulwich College (Surrey), called God's-gift College, founded by Edward Alleyn, an eminent comedian, was completed and solemnly opened 13 Sept. 1619. Alleyn was its first master, and died in 1626. In 1686 Wm. Cartwright, an actor, gave a library and some portraits, and on 20 Dec. 1810 sir Francis Bourgeois bequeathed his collection of pictures, the gallery for which was erected by sir John Soane, and opened in 1812. Sir Francis died 8 Jan. 1811. In 1857 an act was passed by which the college was reconstituted. Two schools were established; and the number of the almspeople increased. In 1860 the annual income was 11,4827. The new school buildings, founded 26 June, 1866, were opened by the prince of Wales, 21 June, 1870. The Endowed Schools Commissioners put forth a draft scheme for remodelling the charity about Oct. 1872; and another scheme was issued in 1881. Four parishes are benefited by the charity: St. Luke's, Middlesex; St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate; St. Saviour's, Southwark; and St. Giles's, Camberwell. Dumb, see Deaf and Dumb. Dumblane, or DUNBLANE (Perth), an ancient city, near which took place a conflict called the battle of Sheriffmuir, between the royalist army under the duke of Argyll, and the Scots rebels under the earl of Mar, 13 Nov. 1715. Both claimed the victory. Dunbar (Haddington). Here the Scottish army and king John Baliol were defeated by Warrenne, earl of Surrey, 27 April, 1296, and Scotland was subdued. Near here, also, Cromwell obtained a signal victory over the Scots, in arms for Charles II., 3 Sept. 1650. Dunciad, the celebrated satirical poem by Alexander Pope, was published in 1728. Duncombe Park, N. Riding of Yorkshire, the magnificent mansion of the earl of Feversham, with valuable treasures (really a museum open to the public), was destroyed by fire, 11 Jan. 1879. Dundalk (Louth, Ireland). On 5 Oct. 1318, at Foughard, near this place, was defeated and slain Edward Bruce, who had invaded Ireland in 1315. The walls and fortifications of Dundalk were destroyed in 1641. It was taken by Cromwell in 1649. The first cambric manufacture in Ireland was established in this town by artisans from France in 1727. Dundee (E. Scotland), on the Tay. The site was given by William the Lion (reigned 1165-1214) to his brother David, earl of Huntingdon, who built or strengthened the castle, and erected a large church, the tower of which, 156 feet high, still remains. The town was taken by the English in 1385; pillaged by Montrose, 1645; stormed by Monk in 1651; and visited by queen Victoria in 1844. It has thriven since 1815, through its extensive linen manufactories; at one of these (Edwards's) a steam explosion took place on 15 April, 1859, when twenty persons were killed. Claverhouse, viscount Dundee (killed 1689), had a house here. Population in 1861, 90,425; in 1871, 118,974. The Baxter park, the gift of sir David Baxter, opened by earl Russell. ..9 Sept. 1863 The British Association met here. ..4 Sept. 1867 While preparing for building the great Tay bridge of the N. British railway six men were killed.. .27 Aug. 1873 Dunes, see Dunkirk. Dungan-hill (Ireland). Here the English army, commanded by col. Jones, signally defeated the Irish, of whom 6000 are said to have been slain, while the loss on the side of the English was inconsiderable, 8 Aug. 1647. Dunkeld (Perthshire) was made a bishopric by David I. in 1127; the ancient Culdee church, founded by king Constantine III., becoming the cathedral. The beautiful bridge over the Tay, erected by Thomas Telford, was opened in 1809. Dunkirk (N. France), founded in the seventh century, was taken by the Spaniards, Sept. 1652, and retaken from them by the English and French after Turenne's victory over them under Condé on the dunes (or sands), 14 June, 1658, and put into the hands of the English, 25 June following. It was sold by Charles II. for 500,000Z. to Louis XIV., 17 Oct.; restored 1662, and was one of the best-fortified ports in the kingdom; but the works were demolished in conformity with the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The works were ordered to be demolished at the peace of 1763; but in 1783 they were again resumed. The English attempted to besiege Dunkirk; but the duke of York was defeated by Hoche and forced to retire with loss, 7 Sept. 1793. It was made a free port in 1816. Dunmow (Essex), famous for the tenure of the manor (made by Robert Fitz-Walter, 1244), “that whatever married couple will go to the priory, and, kneeling on two sharp-pointed stones, will swear that they have not quarrelled nor repented of their marriage within a year and a day after its celebration, shall receive a flitch of bacon." The earliest recorded claim for the bacon was in 1445, since when, to 1855, it is said to have been demanded only five times. The last claimants, previous to 1855, were John Shakeshanks and his wife, 20 June, 1751; they made a large sum by selling slices of the flitch to witnesses of the ceremony (5000 persons). Flitches were awarded to Mr. and Mrs. Barlow of ChippingOngar, and the Chevalier Chatelaine and his lady, 19 July, 1855. The lord of the manor opposed the revival; but Mr. W. Harrison Ainsworth, the novelist, and some friends, defrayed the expense and superintended the ceremonials. A flitch was awarded in 1860 and 9 July, 1873; on 17 July, 1876, to James Henry and Mary Boosey; to others, 23 July, 1877. Dunse (S. Scotland). Here, on 18 June, 1639, by treaty between the Scots commission and Charles I., their demands were acceded to, and they agreed to disband their army. Disputes arose, and the treaty was not carried into effect. Dunsinane (Perthshire). On the hill was fought the battle between king Macbeth, formerly the thane of Glamis, and Siward, earl of Northumberland, 27 July, 1054. Edward the Confessor had sent Siward on behalf of Malcolm III., whose father, Duncan, the usurper had murdered. Macbeth was defeated, and it was said was pursued to Lumphanan, in Aberdeenshire, and there slain, 1056 or 1057. Duomo, see Milan. Dupes, DAY OF, 11 Nov. 1630, when Richelieu energetically and adroitly frustrated the plan for his ruin, formed by the queen Marie de Médicis and Gaston, duke of Orleans, and others, during the king's illness. Duplex Telegraphy, see under Electric Telegraph. Düppel, or DYBBÖL, see under Denmark, 1864. Dupplin (Perthshire). Here Edward Balliol and his English allies totally defeated the Scots under the | about 330 B.C., as a poet and grammarian, was said to earl of Mar, 11 Aug. 1332, and obtained the crown for have carried weights in his pockets to prevent his being three months. blown away. He was preceptor to Ptolemy PhiladelDurbar, an East Indian term for an audience-cham-phus.-Elian. Julia, niece of Augustus, had a dwarf ber or reception. On 18 Oct. 1864, a durbar was held named Coropas, two feet and a hand's-breadth high; at Lahore by the viceroy of India, sir John Lawrence, at and Andromeda, a freed-maid of Julia's, was of the same which 604 of the most illustrious princes and chieftains height.-Pliny. Aug. Cæsar exhibited in his plays a of the northwest province were present, magnificently man not two feet in stature.—Sueton. Alypius of Alexclothed. Similar ones were held in 1866, 1867, and on andria, a logician and philosopher, was but one foot five inches and a half high; he seemed to be consumed into 27 March, 1869, at Umballah. a kind of divine nature."-Vos. Instit. Sir Seymour Fitzgerald, governor of Bombay, held a great durbar of the princes of Western India at Poona, 6 Oct. 1868 College founded (abolished at the Reformation) 1569 1650 1660 By the Scots.. 1640 Cromwell quartered his Scotch prisoners in the cathedral.... Cromwell established a college, 1657; which was suppressed at the Restoration.. The palatine privileges, granted to the bishop by the crown... ..June, 1836 MODERN DWARFS.-John D'Estrix of Mechlin was brought to Charles Stratton (termed general Tom Thumb), an American, Mr. Collard, aged 22, smaller than Stratton, sang at concerts in Several dwarfs (said to be smaller than the preceding) exhib- Che-mah, a Chinese, 42 years old, 25 inches high, exhibited Dyeing is attributed to the Tyrians, about 1500 B.C. The English are said to have sent fine goods to be dyed 1608. "Two dyers of Exeter were flogged for teaching in Holland till the art was brought to them, probably in their art in the north" (of England), 1628. A statute been greatly improved by chemical research. A discovagainst abuses in dyeing passed in 1783. The art has ery of Dr. Stenhouse, in 1848, led to M. Marnas procuring mauve from lichens; and Dr. Hofmann's production of aniline from coal-tar has led to the invention of a number of beautiful dyes (mauve, magenta, red, green, black, etc.); see Aniline. Dust and Disease. A controversy respecting the connection between them originated with a lecture on the subject by professor Tyndall at the Royal Institution, of 25 parts of silicious earth saturated with 75 parts of Dynamite, a new explosive compound, consisting 21 Jan. 1870, when he demonstrated the presence of organic matters in the dust of the atmosphere in conform-nitro-glycerine (which see). It is suitable for mining ity with the experiments of Pasteur and other eminent purposes, and was tried and approved at Merstham 14 July, 1868. It was invented by A. Nobel to obviate philosophers; see Germ Theory. danger. Its manufacture is very dangerous. Thirteen men killed by explosion of dynamite in a railway tunnel at Cymmer, S. Wales, 21 April, 1876. Dutch Plays, " Annie Mie," by Rosier Faassen, and others, were performed at the Imperial Theatre, Westminster, 7 June et seq. 1880. Madame Catherine Beersman's acting was much approved. Dutch Republic, see Holland. Duumviri, two Roman patricians appointed by Tarquin the Proud, 520 B., to take care of the books of the Sibyls, which were supposed to contain the fate of the Roman empire. The books were placed in the Capitol, and secured in a chest under the ground. The number of keepers was increased to ten (the Decemviri) 365 B.C., afterwards to fifteen; the added five called quinque viri. Dwarfs, ANCIENT. Philetas of Cos, distinguished A man named Thomson, Thomassin, or Thomas, consigned a cask of dynamite to Bremerhafen, to be conveyed by the North German Lloyd's steamer Mosel. With it he sent a clockwork machine, which would in eight days give the cask a blow powerful enough to explode the dynamite and destroy the ship. From some cause the machine went off and exploded in the dock, killing above 80 and wounding about 200 persons, chiefly emigrants and their friends, 11 Dec. 1875. Thomson committed suicide, dying 16 Dec. 1875, after confessing his crime, his object being to obtain the paltry sum for which he had insured his goods. It appears that similar machines were known in 1873. Use of dynamite for killing oxen tried and advocated, sum mer, 1877. Its use in fisheries prohibited by parliament, 14 Aug. 1877. |
