The Fenians favor the French in the war.. Aug. 1870-Feb. Fenian raid into Manitoba suppressed by United States troops, and gen. Neill arrested (see Ireland),

about 12 Oct. Gen. Cluseret (a short time in the service of the Fenians) publishes an account of them in Fraser's Magazine: he says, "Their insurrection was foolishly planned and still more foolishly_executed," and strongly advises reconciliation with England.. ...July, 1872 Great demonstration near Drogheda.. .20 Sept. Escape of Fenian prisoners from West Australia in the Catalpa, American ship, 17 April; arrived at New York... 19 Aug. 1876 O'Mahony, head-centre, dies at New York; grand funeral service.. ...6 Feb. 1877 Davitt and other Fenian convicts released..Jan. to Sept. 1878 Davitt prominent during the land league agitation....1880-81 Arrested and committed to prison..... .3, 4 Feb. 1881 Fère-Champenoise (France). Here the French army under Marmont, Mortier, and Arrighi were surprised and defeated by the allies under the prince of Schwarzenberg, 25 March, 1814, after an heroic resistance. Paris surrendered six days after.

B.C.

Ferghana, see Khokand.

Feriæ Latinæ, solemn Roman festivals, said to have been instituted by Tarquin the Proud, about 534 The principal magistrates of forty-seven towns of Latium assembled on a mount near Rome, and with the Roman authorities offered a bull to Jupiter Latialis.

Fermentation, termed by Gay-Lussac one of the most mysterious processes in nature: he showed that in the process, 45 lbs. of sugar are resolved into 23 of alcohol and 22 of carbonic acid. His memoir appeared in 1810. In 1861 Pasteur brought forward evidence to show that fermentation depends on the presence of minute organisms in the fermenting fluid, and that the source of all such organisms is the atmosphere. For his researches he was awarded an annual pension of 120,000 francs in

1874.

Fermiers Généraux, officers who farmed the French revenues previous to 1789, frequently with much oppression. Lavoisier and 27 of these were executed 8 May, 1794.

Ferndale Colliery Explosion; 8 Nov. 1867; about 178 lives lost; see under Coal.

Ferns (Ireland), an ancient bishopric, once archiepiscopal. St. Edan was seated here in 598. Leighlin and Ferns were united in 1600; and by the Church Temporalities act, passed Aug. 1833, both were united to the bishopric of Ossory; see Ossory.-FERNS, an order of cryptogamous plants, now much cultivated in Wardian cases (which see, and also Nature-printing).

Ferozeshah (India). The British, commanded by sir Hugh Gough, attacked the intrenchments of the Sikhs, and carried their first line of works, 21 Dec. 1845; but night coming on, the operations were suspended till daybreak, when their second line was stormed by gen. Gilbert, and 74 guns captured. The Sikhs advanced to retake their guns, but were repulsed with great loss, and retreated towards the Sutlej, 22 Dec.; and recrossed that river unmolested, 27 Dec. The British loss was reckoned

at 2415.

Ferrara, formerly part of the exarchate of Ravenna, under the emperors of the East. It was subdued by the Lombards in the eighth century, and taken from them about 752 by Pepin, who gave it to pope Stephen II. About 1208 it fell into the hands of the house of Este (which see), and became the principal seat of the literature and fine arts in Italy. Pope Clement VIII. obtained the sovereignty in 1598, on the death of the duke Alphonso II., the last legitimate male of the Este family. His illegitimate nephew, Cæsar, became duke of Modena.

The French under Massena took Ferrara in 1796; but it was restored to the pope in 1814. An Austrian garrison held it from 1849; it retired in June, 1859, and the people rose and declared for annexation to Sardinia, which was accomplished in March, 1860.

Ferrars's Arrest. In March, 1542, Mr. George Ferrars, a member of parliament, while in attendance on the house, was taken in execution by a sheriff's officer for debt, and committed to the Compter prison. The house despatched their sergeant to require his release, which was resisted, and, an affray taking place, his mace was broken. The house in a body repaired to the lords to complain, when the contempt was adjudged to be very great, and the punishment of the offenders was referred to the lower house. On another messenger being sent to the sheriffs by the commons, they delivered up the senator, and the civil magistrates and the creditor were committed to the Tower, the inferior officers to Newgate, and an act was passed releasing Mr. Ferrars from liability for the debt. The king, Henry VIII., highly approved of all these proceedings, and the transaction became the basis of that rule of parliament which exempts members from arrest.-Holinshed.

Ferro, the most western of the Canary isles, from whose west point some geographers have taken their first meridian, was known to the ancients, and was rediscovered in 1402.

Ferrol (N.W. Spain). Upwards of 10,000 British landed near Ferrol under the command of sir James Pulteney, in Aug. 1800. They gained possession of the heights; but, despairing of success, on account of the strength of the works, sir James re-embarked his troops. His conduct was much condemned. Soult captured Ferrol, 27 Jan. 1809. An insurrection of about 1500 men in the arsenal here broke out, headed by brigadier Pozas and capt. Montojo, who raised the red flag, 11 Oct. They dispersed or surrendered when about to be attacked, 17

Oct. 1872.

Fescennine Verses were rude extemporary dialogues, frequently licentious, in favor among the ancient Etruscans at weddings, and still popular in Italy.

Festivals, see under Feasts, Clergy, Music.

Fête de Dieu, a feast of the Roman church in honor of the real presence in the Lord's Supper, kept on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday; see Corpus Christi. Berengarius, archbishop of Angers, opposed the doctrine of transubstantiation, and to atone for his crime a yearly procession was made at Angers, called la fête de Dieu,

1019.

Fête de Vertu, an annual assemblage, chiefly of young persons, to whom were adjudged rewards for industry and virtue. These fêtes, held at Nuneham, in Oxfordshire, begun by lady Harcourt in 1789, were continued till her death.

Feudal Laws. The tenure of land by suit and service to lord or owner, in use in England by the Saxons, about 600, was mainly introduced by William I. in 1066. The kingdom was divided into baronies, which were given on condition of the holders furnishing the king with men and money. The vassalage, limited by Henry VII., 1495, was abolished by statute, 1660. The feudal system was introduced into Scotland by Malcolm II. in 1008, and the hereditary jurisdictions were finally abolished in that kingdom, 1746-7. The feudal laws, established in France by Clovis I. about 486, were discountenanced by Louis XI. in 1470.

Feuillants, a religious order founded by Jean de la Barrière in 1577 at the abbey of Feuillant, near Toulouse, and settled in Paris in 1587. The Feuillant Club, formed in Paris by La Fayette and others in 1789, to counteract the intrigues of the Jacobins, was so named from the convent where they met. A body of Jacobins burst into their hall and obliged them to separate, 25 Dec. 1791; and the club was broken up in 1792.

Fez (in the ancient Mauritania, Africa), founded by

Fictions, see Romances.-FICTIONS IN LAW were invented by the lawyers in the reign of Edward I. as a means of carrying cases from one court to another, whereby the courts became checks to each other.-Hume. Lord Mansfield, in the court of King's Bench, emphatically declared that "no fiction of law shall ever so far prevail against the real truth as to prevent the execution of justice," 31 May, 1784. They have been mostly abolished in the present century.

"Fidelio," Beethoven's single opera; composed in 1804, produced at Vienna, 20 Nov. 1805.

Fidenæ, a Sabine city, frequently at war with Rome. It was finally captured and the inhabitants enslaved, 426 B.C., by the Romans, whose ambassadors they had slain. Field. The country gentleman's weekly paper, devoted to natural history, sports, etc., first appeared 1 Jan. 1853.

Field of March and May, see Champ.

Field of the Cloth of Gold, a plain near Ardres, near Calais, in France, on which Henry VIII. met Francis I. of France, 7-25 June, 1520. The nobility of both kingdoms displayed their magnificence, and many involved themselves in debt. Paintings of the embarkation and interview are at Windsor Castle.

Field-marshal, see Marshal.

Fiery Chamber, see Chambre Ardente. Fieschi's Attempt ON LOUIS PHILIPPE, see France, 1835.

Fifth-monarchy Men, about 1645, supposed the period of the Millennium to be just at hand, when Jesus

Christ should descend from heaven and erect the fifth universal monarchy. They proceeded so far as to elect him king at London. Cromwell dispersed them, 1653.Kearsley. Another rising, with loss of life, was suppressed, 6 Jan. 1661. Thos. Venner, a cooper, their leader, and 16 others, were executed soon after.

Fig-tree (Ficus Carica), brought from the south of Europe before 1548. The Botany Bay fig, Ficus Australis, brought from New South Wales in 1789.

Figures, see Arithmetic and Digits.

Fiji, or VITI ISLES, in the Pacific Ocean, about 1500 miles from Sydney. There are above 200 isles, 80 inhabited; the largest about 360 miles in circumference, with about 60,000 inhabitants, 1200 Europeans.

1860

The islands offered by the king, Thakombau, and chiefs to the British government, but not accepted.....July, 1859 The house of commons granted 1680l. for expenditure in them, and European settlements made. . . . . Annexation to Great Britain proposed in parliament; declined 25 June, 1872; but unconditional cession to the British government accepted by sir Hercules Robinson, July; and announced by him..

..25 Oct. 1874 His club sent as a present to the queen by the king, Thakomban..

Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon first governor.
Many deaths by epidemic measles...
.early in
Outbreak of cannibal devil-worshippers suppressed by the

1875

military; about 20 ringleaders executed...about June, 1876 George William Des Vœux governor... ...Oct. 1880 Files are mentioned (1 Sam. xiii. 21) 1093 B.C. The manufacture of them has attained to great perfection by means of tile-cutting machinery. That set up by Mr. T. Greenwood of Leeds, in 1859, was invented by M. Bernot of Paris. It is said that the price of files made by it is reduced from 32d. to 4d. per dozen.

Filterers. A plan for purifying corrupted water was patented by William Woolcott in 1675. Other modes followed. James Peacock's method of filtration was patented in 1791, and many others since; Ransome's, 1856.

Apparatus for freshening salt-water, brought forward by Grant, 1849; by Macbride, 1849; Gravely, 1858. Dr. Normandy's greatly improved apparatus, 1859, much used in the royal navy.

Fine Arts, see Arts, Paintings, Sculpture, Engraving, etc.

breaking ancient entails and alienating estates, began in Fines AND RECOVERIES, conferring the power of the reign of Edward IV., but was not, properly speaking, law till Henry VII., by correcting some abuses that attended the practice, gave indirectly a sanction to it, 1487. Fines and recoveries were abolished in 1833.

Finisterre, see Cape Finisterre.

Finland, a Russian grand-duchy, in the middle of the twelfth century was conquered by Eric IX. of Sweden, who introduced Christianity. It was several times taken by the Russians (1714, 1742, and 1808), and restored (1721 and 1743); but in 1809 they retained it by treaty; see Abo. Its political constitution was confirmed by the czar in 1800, 1825, and 1855. Population in 1862, 1,746,229; in 1867, 1,830,853; 1875, 1,912, 647. During a dreadful famine whole villages were starved, March, 1868.

Fire. The poets supposed that fire was stolen from heaven by Prometheus. Heraclitus, about 596 B.C., maintained that the world was created from fire, and deemed to be a god omnipotent; see Parsees.

Fire Insurance, see Insurance.

Fire, ROYAL SOCIETY FOR PROTECTION FROM; see Fire-escapes.

Fire-annihilator, an apparatus invented by Mr. T. Phillips, and made known by him in 1849. When put in action, steam and carbonic acid are formed, which extinguish flame. It was not successful commercially. L'Extincteur was invented by Dr. F. Carlier, and patented by A. Vignon in July, 1862. It is an iron cylinder filled with water and carbonic acid gas, generated by bicarbonate of soda and tartaric acid. The apparatus was developed and improved by Mr. W. B. Dick in his Manual and Chemical Fire-engines, which give a continuous flow of water and gas, patented April, 1869.

The "Mata fuego," or "Fire-killer," of M. Banolas of Paris, was successfully exhibited at the Alexandra Palace, 16 Oct. 1880. Great bodies of flame were almost instantaneously

extinguished.

Fire-arms, see Artillery, Cannon, Needle-gun, Chassepot, and Pistols. The first small fire-arms were a species of cannon, borne by two men. Fire arms made at Perugia, in Italy.. Edward IV., when he landed at Ravenspur, is said to Employed by the Burgundians at Arras.

have been accompanied by 300 Flemings, armed with
hand guns...

At Morat the Swiss are said to have had 10,000 arquebus-
iers (men armed with fire-arms).
Fire-arms said to have been used at the siege of Ber-
wick.

Filioque ("and from the Son"), inserted in the Ni

into use, 1480; and the musket employed in the armies of the emperor Charles V. about

All these were of very rude construction, being first discharged by a lighted match, afterwards (about 1517) by a wheel-lock, then by the fl nt.

1364 1414

1471

1476

1521

..Aug. 1874

(See Mitrailleuse and Gatling.) Fire-brigade. The "London Fire-engine Establishment," an amalgamation of the engines of the different companies, was established in London in 1832 by Mr. Charles Bell Ford, director of the Sun fire-office. It then had 80 men and 19 stations. In 1863 it had 130 men and 20 stations. In May, 1862, a commission recommended the establishment of a fire-brigade, which was effected by the Metropolitan Fire-brigade act in 1865. The establishment then gave up its plant to the Metropolitan Board of Works. The fire-brigade is supported by a d. rate, and by contributions from government and from the insurance offices. It came into action and its energies were successfully tested at the great fire at St. Katharine's docks, 1 Jan. 1866.

Fire-damp Indicator, a small apparatus, about the size of a chronometer, invented by Mr. G. F. Ansell, and patented by him in 1865, by which the presence of very small quantities of fire-damp or light carburetted hydrogen gas may be detected in mines. It is an application of the law of the diffusion of gases.

Fire detector AND ALARM, a mechanical and chemical apparatus invented by prof. Grechi, which causes a bell to be rung and exhibits colored light when the temperature of a room is greatly increased. It was tried at the International exhibition, London, 4 June, 1873. Fire-engines are said to have been invented by Ctesibius, 250 B.C. They are mentioned by Pliny, A.D. 70. A "water-bow" was patented by Thomas Grent in 1632; one was constructed by John Van der Heyden about 1663. Bramah's engine was patented in 1793. Mr. John Braithwaite constructed a steam fire-engine in 1830. A trial of steam fire-engines took place at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham, on 1, 2, 3 July, 1863, when prizes were awarded to a large one by Merryweather, and a small one by Shand and Mason; see Fire-annihilator.

W. Dennis's portable self-acting pneumatic fire-engine was tried successfully at gas-works near the Thames, 30 Nov. 1876

Fire-escapes were patented by David Marie (1766) and Joachim Smith (1773). The Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire was first established in 1836; its object was not fully attained till 1843, when it was reorganized, beginning with six escape stations in London; in March, 1859, it possessed 67; in 1866, 85. In 1858 504 fires had been attended and 57 persons rescued. In 1861 it was stated that 84 lives had been saved by the society's officers. In 1866, 695 fires had been attended and 78 lives saved. In Aug. 1867, the plant of the society was virtually presented to the Board of Works, in consequence of the passing of the Metropolitan Firebrigade Act, 1865. Versmann's composition for rendering washing dresses fire-proof was published about 1860. Fireman's Respirator, the invention of Dr. Tyndall (1870-71), is a combination of his respirator of cotton-wool moistened with glycerine, and Dr. Stenhouse's charcoal respirator. Armed with this apparatus, a man may remain a long time in the densest smoke.

Fires IN LONDON. The conflagration of a city, with all its tumult of concomitant distress, is one of the most dreadful spectacles which this world can offer to human eyes.-Dr. Johnson. See Chicago, Santiago, Liverpool, 1862, etc.

.. 1212

A great part of the city destroyed, including St. Paul's
cathedral....
...962 and 1037
One at London bridge began on the Southwark side, and
was communicated to the other side and hemmed in a
numerous crowd; about 3000 were drowned, and a
great part of the city, north and south, burned.....
The Great Fire, whose ruins covered 436 acres, extended
from the Tower to the Temple church, and from the
northeast gate to Holborn bridge. It began in a bak-
er's house in Pudding lane, behind Monument yard,
and destroyed, in the space of four days, 89 churches,
including St. Paul's), the city gates, the Royal Ex-
change, the Custom-house, Guildhall, Sion College, and
many other public buildings, besides 13,200 houses,
laying waste 400 streets. About 200,000 persons en.
camped in Islington and Highgate fields (see Monu-
ment)

In Southwark, 60 houses burned.
In Wapping, 150 houses burned, 50 lives lost.
Custom-house burned...

At Shadwell, 50 houses burned.

.2-6 Sept. 1666

1676 ...... 1715 1718 ...10 Sept. 1736

In Cornhill ward, 200 houses burned; this fire began in
Change alley, and was the most terrible since the great
fire of 1666..
.25 March, 1749

At Covent Garden, 50 houses burned..
In Smithfield 28 houses burned..
At Shadwell, 30 houses burned.

In Throgmorton street, 20 houses burned..
At Wapping, 20 houses..

At Hermitage stairs, 31 houses.

1759

...

1761

At Horsely down, 30 houses, besides many warehouses and

ships...

1774 1775 1779

..30 April, 1780 ..June,

Newgate, etc., by the Gordon mob.
In Aldersgate street, 40 houses; the loss exceeding 100,-
In the Strand, 40 houses burned

The Opera-house..

1781

..5 Nov. 1783 ..17 June, 1789 .12 Oct. 1790

At Rotherhithe, 20 houses
Again, when many ships and 60 houses were consumed,

Pantheon, Oxford street..

14 Sept. 1791 14 June, 1792

At Wapping, 630 houses, and an East India warehouse, in which 35,000 bags of saltpetre were stored: the loss 1,000,000l. (tents for the sufferers were lent by the gov ernment)...

Astley's amphitheatre..

St. Paul's church, Covent garden..

In the Minories, 30 houses..
At Shadwell, 20 houses burned

In the King's Bench, 50 residences. Near the Customs, three West India 300,000l....

At Wapping, 30 houses.

44

.21 July, 1794 .17 Sept. ...11 Sept. 1795 ..1 Nov. 1796 ..23 March, 1797 14 July, 1799 warehouses; loss

.11 Feb. 1800 ....6 Oct.

In Store street, Tottenham Court road, immense property The great tower over the choir of Westminster abbey destroyed.

burned..

.27 Sept. 1802 ..9 July, 1803 .1 Sept.

Astley's again, and 40 houses..
Frith street, Soho, lasted several days; many houses de-
stroyed
Surrey theatre

Covent garden theatre.. Drury-lane theatre..

.2 Dec. ..12 Aug. 1805 .20 Sept. 1803 .24 Feb. 1809

Conduit street; Mr. Windham, in aiding to save Mr.

North's library, received an injury which caused his death. .9 July,

Fire at Duke street, London bridge; property lost esti mated at 60,000l.. ...19 Feb. At the Rose and Crown, Love lane, City; 4 lives lost, 18 May, Foot of London bridge, four large hop warehouses burn23 June, ed; loss 150,000/... Collard and Co., pianoforte-makers, Camden Town; loss 60,000l... .19 Dec. CL The warehouses of Messrs. Pawson, St. Paul's churchyard, burned... ..24 Feb. 1853 Works of Gutta-percha Company, near City road; loss 5 June, 66 100,000/.. .10 Aug. 66 .10 Sept.

66

Millwall; loss

66

21 May, 1862

66

66

Mr. Joel's, Fore street, City; 4 lives lost.. Mr. Boor's, druggist, Bishopsgate street; explosion; 2 lives lost 7 June, Great Cumberland street, Hyde park; Mr. S. Barrett and 2 daughters burned. ..15 Aug. Messrs. Price's oil-mills, Blackfriars, burned; great loss of property.. 20 Nov. Ancient Austin-friars church, City, partially destroyed, 22 Nov. Mr. Chard's, Portland street, Soho; 6 lives lost...26 Dec. Messrs. Capel's, Seething lane, City; great destruction of property... .....18 April, 1863 Warehouses of Messrs. Grant and others, between Wood street and Milk street; property worth about 100,000l. destroyed.. ..19 Dec. Meriton's wharf, Dockhead; immense loss of property,

7 June, 1864 Royal Savoy chapel, Strand, destroyed.. .7 July, Haberdashers' hall and Messrs. Tapling and others' warehouses ..19 Sept. Messrs. Barry, Sufferance wharves, Dockhead; great loss, 25, 26 Nov. ..30, 31 Jan. 1865

Surrey theatre destroyed....

Saville House (where George III. was born), Leicester square. ...28 Feb. Poulterers' arms, Leadenhall market; 2 lives lost, 13 June, Messrs. Meeking & Co., Holborn; damage 30,000l., 24 June, Messrs. Sotheby & Co., auctioneers; valuable library destroyed.. 29 June, Great fire at Beale's wharf; about 18,000l. damage,

30 Oct. 66 .1 Jan. 1866

66

Immense fire at St. Katharine's docks.
Holland & Hennen's premises, Duke street, Blooms-
bury, destroyed.
26 Aug.
Great fire in Haydon square, Minories; depot of North-
western Railway company, and other warehouses;
great loss...
.11 Sept.
....21 Oct.
....5 Nov.
North wing of the Crystal Palace destroyed .....30 Dec.
Quebec street, Oxford street; 6 lives lost......11 March, 1867
Rotherhithe, 16 or 17 houses burned; about 100 persons
destitute.
.12 Sept.

Standard theatre, Shoreditch, burned down..
In Hampstead road, 13 lives lost...

Kirkman's pianoforte manufactory. Messrs. Scott Russell & Co.'s works, 100,000l...

Premises of Messrs. Savill & Edwards, printers, Chan

dos street, destroyed..

Premises of Townend & Co., Bread street, destroyed; loss about 100,000..

Messrs. Cubitt's premises, Pimlico.
Whittington Club house..

..31 Dec. ..17 Aug. 1854 ..3 Dec. 46

Her Majesty's theatre, Royal opera-house, destroyed (see Opera) .6 Dec. Oxford music - hall, Oxford street, partially destroyed, 11 Feb. 1868 Above 20 shops burned in Portman market, Marylebone, 23 Feb. Hubbard and Stutters's hop-warehouses, and many small houses, destroyed.. 10 Aug. pictures, etc., .19 Aug. 14 March, 1869

66

66

64

Messrs. Scott Russell's (third fire), much valuable machinery destroyed..

Adelaide rooms, Strand, destroyed...
All-Saints church, Walworth, destroyed..

.12 March, ....1 April,

Mrs. Jago's, Pentonville hill; 3 perish..

Messrs. Dobbs's premises, Fleet street
Shad Thames flour-mill; loss about 100,000l....17 July,
Messrs. Broadwood's, pianoforte - makers, Westminster,
12 Aug.

66

Premises of Messrs. Almonds, army-accoutrement makers, and others, in St. Martin's lane; estimated loss 20,000/.... ...9 Nov. Messrs. Pickford's premises, at Chalk farm station, 9 June, 1857 Gilbert street, Bloomsbury; 15 lives lost......28 March, 1858 Fresh wharf; 25,000l. of silk.. ...21 June, London docks; great explosion: man killed by fright; loss about 150,000l.. .29 June, Limehouse; Messrs. Forest, Dixon's, etc. premises destroyed, and Blackwall railway arches; insured, 19, 20 July,

Moscow road, Bayswater; through explosion works; 7 persons perish..

Mr. McMicken's, Newington butts; 4 lost..

.27 April,

..5 June,

of fire

..1 Oct. 66

Old Star and Garter hotel, Richmond; Wm. Lever, the manager, killed..

.10 Oct. 66

12 Jan. 1870

Mr. Hill's, upholsterer, Waterloo road; 6 children suffocated..

Church street, Rotherhithe; 3 lives lost..

Cecil House, Cecil street, Strand; Mr. Forbes burned;
architectural books, etc., of Mr. G. G. Scott destroyed,
4 Sept.
Mr. Bush's, manufacturing chemist, Liverpool street,
Bishopsgate; 4 lives lost..
.27 Sept.
Crouch end,
.5 March, 1871
26 March,

Chapel street, Edgware road, 4 lives lost;
Hornsey, 3 lives lost..

Pavilion road, Chelsea; 5 deaths

Gray's-inn road; James Ford, a fireman, lost his life after saving 6. ...7 Oct Thames street; Nicholson's and other warehouses destroyed; great loss. .24 Oct. Oxford music-hall; quite destroyed.. ...1 Nov. 1872 City flour-mills, Upper Thames street; 1 fireman killed, 10, 11, 12 Nov. Grosvenor mews, Bond street, 6 killed.... .27 May, 1873 Alexandra palace, Muswell hill, destroyed; 1 life lost, 9 June, Silver street, Stepney; 2 killed.. .10 Sept. Lloyd's newspaper printing-office, Whitefriars, destroyed, 4 P. M. 29 Dec. Pantechnicon (which see), Knightsbridge; much valuable property destroyed 13, 14 Feb. 1874 Carnaby street, W.; 2 lives lost.. ....15 Feb. Latta's great hop-warehouse, Bermondsey, destroyed, 28 Dec.