1751. William IV.; retired on the invasion of the French in 1795; died in 1806. 1795. [Holland and Belgium united to the French republic.] KINGS. 1806. Louis Bonaparte made king of HOLLAND by his brother 1814; assumed the style of king of the Netherlands, 1840. William II.; born 6 Dec. 1792; succeeded on his father's abdication; died 17 March, 1849, succeeded by 1849. William III., son; born 19 Feb. 1817; married Sophia of Würtemberg, 18 June, 1839. (She died 3 June, 1877.) Married Emma of Waldeck-Pyrmont, 7 Jan. 1879; issue: Wilhelmine, born 31 Aug. 1880. Son: William, prince of Orange, born 4 Sept. 1840; died 11 June, 1879. Heir: Alexander, born 25 Aug. 1851. Holland, New, see Australia and Australasia. Holloway College FOR THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN, near Virginia Water. First brick laid, 12 Sept. 1879. Mr. Holloway gave 250,000l., and promised 100,000l. additional for endowment. Holloway Hospitals. Thomas Holloway, proprietor of the popular ointment, etc., offered the government 250,000l. to erect for the use of the middle classes an asylum for the insane, and hospitals for incurables and convalescents. The asylum was erected at St. Anne's Hill, near Virginia Water, 1873 et seq. Holmfirth Flood. On 5 Feb. 1852, the Bilberry reservoir above Holmfirth, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire, burst its banks, and levelled four mills and many ranges of other buildings, killing more than 90 persons, and devastating property estimated at above half a million. Holstein and Schleswig (N. W. Germany), duchies once belonging to Denmark. The country, inhabited by Saxons, was subdued by Charlemagne in the beginning of the ninth century, and afterwards formed part of the duchy of Saxony. In 1106 or 1110, Adolphus of Schauenberg became count of Holstein: his descendants ruled till 1459, when Adolphus VII. died without issue, and the states of Holstein and Schleswig elected Christian, king of Denmark, his nephew, as their duke, through fear of his arms. In 1544, his grandson, Christian II., divided his states among his brothers, with the condition that the duchies should remain subject to Denmark. The eldest branch of the family reigned in Denmark till the decease of Frederick VII., 15 Nov. 1863. From a younger branch (the dukes of HolsteinGottorp) descended, through marriage, the kings of Sweden from 1751 to 1818, and the reigning family in Russia since 1762, when the duke, as the husband of Anne, became czar. In 1773, Catherine II. of Russia ceded Holstein-Gottorp to Denmark in exchange for Oldenburg, etc. Holy Alliance was ratified at Paris, 26 Sept. 1815, between the emperors of Russia (its originator) and Austria and the king of Prussia, by which they ostensibly bound themselves, among other things, to be governed by Christian principles in all their political transactions, with a view to perpetuating the peace they had achieved. The compact was severely censured in this country as opposed to rational liberty. Holy Brotherhood, see Hermandad. Holy Cross, SOCIETY OF, formed in 1855, by several clergymen of the church of England, “for deepening spiritual life in their brethren; president, the rev. A. H. Mackonochie. It favors auricular confession and other Romanist practices. One of its books, "The Priest in Absolution," was censured by the bishops in convocation, 6 July, 1877, and caused much public excitement. Holy Ghost, see Esprit. Holy Island, see Lindisfarne. Holy League, see Leagues. Holy Maid of Kent. Elizabeth Barton was incited by the Roman Catholic party to oppose the Reformation by pretending to inspirations from heaven. She foretold the speedy and violent death of Henry VIII. if he divorced Catherine of Spain and married Anne BolShe and her eyn, and direful calamities to the nation. confederates were executed at Tyburn, 5 May, 1534. Holy Places IN PALESTINE. These places have been a source of contention between the Greek and Latin churches for several centuries. In the reign of Francis I. they were placed under Latin monks, protected by the French government; but the Greeks from time to time obtained firmans from the Porte invalidating the rights of the Latins, who were at last (in 1757) expelled from the sacred buildings, which were committed to the care of the Greeks by a hatti-scherif, or imperial ordinance. The holy sepulchre partially destroyed by fire and rebuilt by the Greeks, who claim additional privileges, and cause fresh dissensions...... The Russian and French governments sent envoys (M. Dashkoff and M. Marcellus) to adjust the dispute; an arrangement prevented by the Greek revolution.. The subject again agitated, and the Porte proposed that a 1808 1821 mixed commission should adjudicate on the rival Prince Menschikoff arrives at Constantinople as envoy The duchies were occupied by the Swedes in 1813, but restored to Denmark in 1814, and on 28 May, 1831, constituent assemblies were granted to them. Since 1844 disputes have been rife between the duchies and Denmark, and in 1848 the states-general of the duchies voted their annexation to the German Confederacy, in which they were supported by Prussia; war ensued, which lasted till 1850, when they submitted to Denmark. The agitation in the duchies, encouraged by Prussia, revived in 1857. The Germans in Schleswig desired it to be made a member of the German Confederation, like Hol-ceived this title under the emperor Otho I. the Great, stein; but both duchies demanded a local government crowned at Rome by pope John XII., 2 Feb. 962; see more independent of Denmark, which changes were re- Rome and Germany. sisted by that power. For the events of the war of 1864, see Denmark. By the convention signed at Gastein (which see), 14 Aug. 1865, the government of Holstein was left with Austria, and that of Schleswig with Prussia. The whole of Holstein and part of Schleswig were ceded to Prussia by the treaty of Prague, signed 23 Aug. 1866. Population in 1860, 1,004,473. The 5th clause, directing N. Schleswig to be given to Denmark if the people voted for it, was not acted on, although claimed; and was abrogated, Feb. 1879. Holy Rood or CROSS. A festival instituted on account of the recovery of a large piece of the cross by the emperor Heraclius, after it had been taken away, on the plundering of Jerusalem, about 615. The feast of the Invention (or Finding) of the Cross is on 3 May; that of the Exaltation of the Cross, 14 Sept. At Boxley abbey, in Kent, was a crucifix, called the Rood of Grace; at the dissolution it was broken in pieces as an imposture by Hilsey, bishop of Rochester, at St. Paul's cross, London, 1536. Orange... Elizabeth of England declines the offered s but promises help.... The pacification of Ghent-union of the r The seven northern provinces contrast And declare their independence. Assassination of William of Orange. The ten southern provinces conquered by The provinces solicit help from Eng Battle of Zutphen-sir Philip Sidney L truce of Antwerp for twelve year- Maurice favors the latter and intri off the Downs.. Peace of Westphalia; the repoble Indecisive sea-fights, 1-4 JuL'; Triple alliance of England, Ho.. Charles II. deserts Holland; JE William marries princess Mary Sanguinary war with France Peace of Ryswick signed.. Death of William.. No stadtholder appointed-ad. War against France and Spain Peace of Utrecht. Holland supports the empreso William Henry hereditary stat Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.... War with England for nava! S Civil wars in the Low COULULE The Texel fleet, of twelve ships of a A new constitution is given to title of grand pensionary Holland erected into a irgal Holland united to France... 8 ease which it has a tendency to induce, such disease dis- | 1524, and used in brewing; but the physicians having appears, because two similar diseased actions cannot si- represented that they were unwholesome, their use was multaneously subsist in the same organ.-Brande. Infin- prohibited in 1528.—Anderson. In the year ending 5 Jan. itesimal doses of medicine, such as the millionth of a grain 1853, there were 46,157 acres under hops in England and of aloes, have been employed, it is said, with efficacy. Wales, chiefly in Herefordshire, Kent, and WorcesterThe system requires the patient to regulate his diet and shire, which paid 447,144/. duty; the quantity yielded habits carefully. It has led to a more accurate study of was 51,102,494 lbs., whereof 955,855 lbs. were exported. the materia medica. Introduced into England, 1827. The duty on hops was repealed in 1862, after many apThe Hahnemann hospital was opened in Bloomsbury plications. An act for preventing fraud in the trade square, 16 Sept. 1850. "The World's Convention of was passed in June, 1866.-The Hop and Malt Exchange, Homœopathic Physicians" opened at Philadelphia, 26 Southwark, was opened in Oct. 1867.-Large quantities June, 1876. London School of Homœopathy, founded are raised in the United States, especially in western 15 Dec. 1876. Homœopathic congress met at Liverpool, New York, Wisconsin, Michigan, California, and Ver14 Sept. 1877. mont. The production in the United States has rapidly increased. It amounted in 1850 to 3,497,029 lbs.; in 1860 to 10,991,996 lbs.; in 1870 to 25,456,669 lbs. Horatii AND Curiatii, see Rome, 669 B.C. Horn; Hornpipe. The horn is thought to be, next to the reed, the earliest wind-instrument, and has been found among most savage nations. It was first Egyp-made of horn, hence the name; afterwards of brass, with keys for the semitones, in the last century.-The dance called the Hornpipe is supposed to be so named from its having been performed to the Welsh pib-corn, that is hornpipe, about 1300.-Spencer. Many hornpipes were composed in the eighteenth century. The "College Hornpipe" was very popular. Homoousion AND Homoiousion (Greek, opooúGLOV, same essence; opotovσiov, similar essence or being), terms employed with respect to the nature of the Father and the Son in the Trinity. The orthodox party adopted the former term as a party cry at the council of Nice, 325; the Arians adopted the latter at Seleucia, 359. Homs, Syria. Here Ibrahim Pacha and the tians severely defeated the Turks, 8 July, 1832. Honduras, discovered by Columbus in 1502, and conquered by the Spaniards 1523, is one of the republics of Central America; see America. Great Britain ceded the Bay Islands to Honduras, 28 Nov. 1859. President, gen. J. M. Medina, elected 1 Feb. 1864, and in 1869. Provisional president, C. Arias (Dec. 1872). P. Leiva, 1875; M. A. Soto, 29 May, 1877. War with San Salvador, May, 1871, and May, 1872. The town of Omoa, Spanish Honduras, was bombarded by H.M.S. Niobe, to obtain redress for injuries to British subjects, 19 Aug. 1873. Population, about 350,000 (1877). Horne Tooke, etc. The trial of Messrs. Hardy, Tooke, Joyce, Thelwall, and others, on a charge of hightreason, caused a great sensation. They were taken into custody on 20 May, 1794. Mr. Hardy was tried 29 Oct., and, after a trial of eight days, was honorably acquitted. John Horne Tooke was tried and acquitted, 20 Nov.; and Mr. Thelwall was acquitted, 5 Dec.; the others were discharged. Acts were passed to prohibit Mr. Thelwall's political lectures in 1795. British Honduras, Central America, was settled by English from Jamaica soon after a treaty with Spain in 1667. They were often disturbed by the Spaniards, and sometimes expelled, till 1783. Balize or Belize, the cap- Horology, see Clocks. The British Horological Inital, is a great seat of the mahogany trade. In 1861 the stitute, Clerkenwell, London, established in 1858, for the population was 25,635, and the revenue, 35,7571. Gov-benefit of watchmakers, publishes a monthly journal. ernor, James R. Longden, 1867; William W. Cairns, 1870; major Robert Miller Mundy, 1874; F. P. Barlee, 1877. Honeymoon. It was a custom to drink of diluted honey for thirty days, or a moon's age, after a wedding feast, and hence arose the term honeymoon, of Teutonic origin. Attila the Hun drank, it is said, so freely of hydromel on his marriage-day that he died of suffocation, 453. Hong-Kong, an island off the coast of China, was taken by capt. Elliott, 23 Aug. 1839, and ceded to Great Britain 20 Jan. 1841. Its chief town is Victoria, built in 1842, and erected into a bishopric in 1849. Sir John Bowring, governor from 1854 to 1859, was succeeded by sir Hercules Robinson. Governors: sir Richard G. MacDonnell, 1865; sir Arthur Edward Kennedy, 1872; John Pope Hennessy, Nov. 1876. Honi soit qui mal y pense, "Evil be to him who evil thinks." It is mythically said that the countess of Salisbury, at a ball at court, happening to drop her garter, the king, Edward III., took it up and presented it to her with these words, which afterwards became the motto of the order of the Garter; see Garter. Honor. Temples were erected to Honor by Scipio Africanus, about 197 B.C.; and by C. Marius, about 102 B.C.-The Legion of Honor was created by Bonaparte in 1802. Honveds, the militia of Hungary. They supported the rebellion against the emperor in 1849, but on the completion of the changes whereby the independence of Hungary was secured, in 1868, they offered a loyal address to the emperor-king. Hooks AND Codfish, party names; see Holland, 1347. Hoop-petticoat, see Crinoline. Hops, in use in England in 1425.-Harleian MS. Introduced from the Netherlands into England about Horse. The people of Thessaly were excellent equestrians, and probably first among the Greeks who broke them in for service in war; whence probably arose the fable that Thessaly was originally inhabited by centaurs. "Solomon had 40,000 stalls of horses for his chariots, and 12,000 horsemen," 1014 B.C. 1 Kings iv. 26. The Greeks and Romaus had some covering to secure their horses' hoofs from injury. In the ninth century horses were only shod in time of frost. Shoeing was introduced into England by William I., 1066; see Races. The horse-tax was imposed in 1784. Its operation was extended, and its amount increased, in 1796; and again in 1808. The existing duty upon "horses for riding" only, in England, amounts to about 350,000l. per year. 1862 Annual license duty on horses and mules, 10s. 6d. each; horse dealers' license, 127. 10s. (act passed 1869).. Mr. J. S. Rarey, an American, made a great sensation in London by taming vicious and wild horses, and even a zebra from the Zoological Gardens. His system is founded on a profound study of the disposition of the animal, and on kindness. He initiated many illustrious persons in his method (on 20 March, lord Palmerston and twenty others) binding them to secrecy; from which they were released in June, when his book was reprinted in England without his consent.... He was engaged to instruct cavalry officers and riding masters of the army... 1870 1858 ...July, 1859 .May, 1860 ...July, 1864 He gave a lecture to the London cabmen, which was well A great Franco-Anglo-American horse, mule, and donkey 66 William Shaw.. Dublin, 11 Sept.; this is opposed by Mr. William Shaw, Mitchell Henry, and others. Sept. Holy Sepulchre, a Byzantine church in modern | Death of Mr. Butt, 5 May; succeeded as leader by Mr. Jerusalem. Fergusson, Robinson, and others consider Mr. Parnell proposes election of a convention to meet at the true site of the Holy Sepulchre to be the mosque of Omar, the "dome of the Rock." The question is still undecided. The Order of the Holy Sepulchre was founded by Godfrey of Bouillon, 1099; revived by pope Alexander VI. 1496; reorganized 1847 and 1868. Holy Wars, see Crusades. government... .20, 21 Jan. 1880 Meeting at Dublin; pronounced opposition to British Shaw and Mr. Parnell.. 44 66 Holy Water is said to have been used in churches 31 home-rulers voted with the government; 16 with Mr. Parnell.. .13 July, as early as A.D. 120.—A she. Home rule convention at Newcastle-on-Tyne.....9 Aug. Holy Week, or the "Week of Indulgences," is the Meeting at Dublin; Mr. Justin McCarthy appointed vicepresident; resolution to resist coercion in Ireland week before Easter. adopted.... .27 Dec. Trial of Mr. Parnell and others at Dublin (see Trials), 28 Dec., 1880-25 Jan. 1881 Strong manifesto of Mr. Parnell; a counter one by Mr. Holydays Act, see Bank Holidays. Holyhead (W. Anglesea). A college was established here in the twelfth century. The harbor was improved by Rennie, and Holyhead was made the chief packet station for Ireland. The breakwater, erected by Rendel and Hawkshaw (1846 et seq.), was inaugurated by the prince of Wales, 19 Aug. 1873; and a new harbor and railway extension inaugurated by the prince, 17 June, 1880. Holyoke (Massachusetts, U.S.). A Roman Catholic church here took fire; a panic ensued; and about 80 were burned or trampled to death, 26, 27 May, 1875. Holyrood Palace (Edinburgh), formerly an abbey, was for several centuries the residence of the monarchs of Scotland. The abbey, of which some vestiges remain, was founded by David I. in 1128, and in the burial-place within its walls are interred several of his successors. The palace is a large quadrangular edifice of hewn stone, with a court within surrounded by piaz zas. In the northwest tower is the bedchamber which was occupied by queen Mary; and from an adjoining cabinet to it David Rizzio, her favorite, was dragged forth and murdered, 9 March, 1566. The northwest towers were built by James V., and the remaining part of the palace was added during the reign of Charles II. Mr. Pinkerton states that the palace was burned in 1650, and rebuilt in 1659. Great improvements were made in 1857. The queen held her court here, 30 Aug. 1850. Home and Colonial School Society, Gray's Inn road; founded 1836. Governesses and teachers are trained. Home Hospitals' Association FOR PAYING PATIENTS, founded in July, 1877. The first home hospital, in Fitzroy square, London, was opened 28 June, 1880. Home Missionary Society, founded 1819. 1878 it had 192 stations, and employed 187 agents 243 lay preachers. In and Home Rule. The Home Government Association (for Home Rule), established in Dublin in 1870; held its first anniversary meeting, 26 June, 1871. It includes both Catholics and Protestants among its members. Mr. Isaac Butt, a leader of the movement, elected M. P. for Limerick.. ..20 Sept. 1871 Home rule advocated by archbishop McHale and others of the Romanist clergy in Ireland. The programme of the party requiring an Irish parlia ment of queen, lords, and commons, and other powers, published... 1873 .25 Oct. 66 A conference at the Rotondo, Dublin, reported a failure, 18-21 Nov. 44 A motion in the commons in favor of home rule defeated (314 to 52). .20 March, 1874 Mr. I. Butt's motion for a committee on the subject, 30 June; was negatived (458 to 61), 2, 3 July, 1875; again (291 to 61), 30 June, 1 July, 1876; again (417 to 67), 24 April, 1877 Stormy convention at Dublin, Mr. Butt chairman, 21, 22 Aug. The home rule party in the house of commons very obstructive (see Parliament). Meeting of home-rule M.P.'s at Dublin; Mr. Butt still leader... He virtually gives in to the obstructionists, Jan.; resigns, 64 .9 Oct. 66 April, 1878 (See Ireland and Parliament.) Home Secretary, sce Secretaries, and all the administrations under the name of their premier. New Home Office, Westminster, occupied 6 Aug. 1875. Homer's Iliad AND Odyssey, the earliest and most perfect epic poems in the world. The first begins with the wrath of Achilles, and ends with the funeral of Hector; the second recounts the voyages and adventures of Ulysses, after the destruction of Troy. Various dates are assigned to these works, from 962 to 915 B.C. Among the thousands of volumes burned at Constantinople, A.D. 477, are said to have been the works of Homer, written in golden letters on the great gut of a dragon, 120 feet long. F. A. Wolf, in his Prolegomena, in 1795, argued that the Homeric poems were composed of independent epic songs, collected and arranged by Pisistratus about 550 B.C. This theory occasioned much controversy. The first English version of the Iliad, by Arthur Hall, appeared in 1581. The most celebrated versions of Homer's works are Chapman's, 1616; Hobbes's, 1675; Pope's, 1715-25; Cowper's, 1791; and Bryant's, 1870-1. The translation of the Iliad by the earl of Derby (1864) is much commended. Homicide was tried at Athens by the Areopagites, 1507 B.C. He that killed another at any public exercise of skill, or who killed another that lay hid to do a person mischief of a grievous nature, was not deemed guilty. He who killed a man taken with another's wife, sister, daughter, or concubine, or killed a man who, without just grounds, assaulted another violently, was not deemed a homicide. Among the Jews wilful murder was capital; but for chance-medley the offender was to flee to one of the cities of refuge, and there continue till the death of the high-priest, 1451 B.C. (Numb. xxxv.). 9 Geo. IV. c. 31 (1828) distinguishes between justifiable homicide and homicide in its various degrees of guilt, and circumstances of provocation and wilfulness; see Murder. Animals have been tried and punished for killing human beings. A bull was hanged for homicide near the abbey of Beauprès.. ...May, 1499 Homildon Hill (Northumberland), where the Scots, headed by the earl of Douglas, were defeated by the l'ercies (among them Hotspur), 14 Sept. 1402. Douglas and the earls of Angus, Murray, Orkney, and the earl of Fife, son of the duke of Albany, and nephew of the Scottish king, with many of the nobility and gentry, were taken prisoners. Homilies, in early Christian times, were discourses delivered by the bishop or presbyter, in a homely manner, for the common people. Charlemagne's "Homilarium" was issued 809. The Book of Homilies drawn up by abp. Cranmer, and published 1547, and another prepared by an order of convocation, 1563, were ordered to be read in those churches that had not a minister able to compose proper discourses. Homœopathy, an hypothesis promulgated in his "Organon of Medicine," 1810, and in other works, by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann of Leipsic (died 2 July, 1813), according to which every medicine has a specific power of inducing a certain diseased state of the system (similia similibus curantur, likes are cured by likes); and if such medicine be given to a person suffering under the dis ease which it has a tendency to induce, such disease dis- | 1524, and used in brewing; but the physicians having appears, because two similar diseased actions cannot si- represented that they were unwholesome, their use was multaneously subsist in the same organ.-Brande. Infin- prohibited in 1528.-Anderson. In the year ending 5 Jan. itesimal doses of medicine, such as the millionth of a grain 1853, there were 46,157 acres under hops in England and of aloes, have been employed, it is said, with efficacy. Wales, chiefly in Herefordshire, Kent, and WorcesterThe system requires the patient to regulate his diet and shire, which paid 447,144/. duty; the quantity yielded habits carefully. It has led to a more accurate study of was 51,102,494 lbs., whereof 955,855 lbs. were exported. the materia medica. Introduced into England, 1827. The duty on hops was repealed in 1862, after many apThe Hahnemann hospital was opened in Bloomsbury plications. An act for preventing fraud in the trade square, 16 Sept. 1850. "The World's Convention of was passed in June, 1866.—The Hop and Malt Exchange, Homœopathic Physicians" opened at Philadelphia, 26 Southwark, was opened in Oct. 1867.-Large quantities June, 1876. London School of Homœopathy, founded are raised in the United States, especially in western 15 Dec. 1876. Homœopathic congress met at Liverpool, New York, Wisconsin, Michigan, California, and Ver14 Sept. 1877. mont. The production in the United States has rapidly increased. It amounted in 1850 to 3,497,029 lbs.; in 1860 to 10,991,996 lbs.; in 1870 to 25,456,669 lbs. Homoousion AND Homoiousion (Greek, ouoouσtov, same essence; oμotovotov, similar essence or being), terms employed with respect to the nature of the Father and the Son in the Trinity. The orthodox party adopted the former term as a party cry at the council of Nice, 325; the Arians adopted the latter at Seleucia, 359. Homs, Syria. Here Ibrahim Pacha and the Egyptians severely defeated the Turks, 8 July, 1832. Honduras, discovered by Columbus in 1502, and conquered by the Spaniards 1523, is one of the republics of Central America; see America. Great Britain ceded the Bay Islands to Honduras, 28 Nov. 1859. President, gen. J. M. Medina, elected 1 Feb. 1864, and in 1869. Provisional president, C. Arias (Dec. 1872). P. Leiva, 1875; M. A. Soto, 29 May, 1877. War with San Salvador, May, 1871, and May, 1872. The town of Omoa, Spanish Honduras, was bombarded by H.M.S. Niobe, to obtain redress for injuries to British subjects, 19 Aug. 1873. Population, about 350,000 (1877). Horatii AND Curiatii, see Rome, 669 B.C. Horn; Hornpipe. The horn is thought to be, next to the reed, the earliest wind-instrument, and has been found among most savage nations. It was first made of horn, hence the name; afterwards of brass, with keys for the semitones, in the last century.-The dance called the Hornpipe is supposed to be so named from its having been performed to the Welsh pib-corn, that is hornpipe, about 1300.-Spencer. Many hornpipes were composed in the eighteenth century. The "College Hornpipe" was very popular. Horne Tooke, etc. The trial of Messrs. Hardy, Tooke, Joyce, Thelwall, and others, on a charge of hightreason, caused a great sensation. They were taken into custody on 20 May, 1794. Mr. Hardy was tried 29 Oct., and, after a trial of eight days, was honorably acquitted. John Horne Tooke was tried and acquitted, 20 Nov.; and Mr. Thelwall was acquitted, 5 Dec.; the others were discharged. Acts were passed to prohibit Mr. Thelwall's political lectures in 1795. British Honduras, Central America, was settled by English from Jamaica soon after a treaty with Spain in 1667. They were often disturbed by the Spaniards, and sometimes expelled, till 1783. Balize or Belize, the cap- Horology, see Clocks. The British Horological Inital, is a great seat of the mahogany trade. In 1861 the stitute, Clerkenwell, London, established in 1858, for the population was 25,635, and the revenue, 35,7571. Gov-benefit of watchmakers, publishes a monthly journal. ernor, James R. Longden, 1867; William W. Cairns, 1870; major Robert Miller Mundy, 1874; F. P. Barlee, 1877. Honeymoon. It was a custom to drink of diluted honey for thirty days, or a moon's age, after a wedding feast, and hence arose the term honeymoon, of Teutonic origin. Attila the Hun drank, it is said, so freely of hydromel on his marriage-day that he died of suffocation, 453. Hong-Kong, an island off the coast of China, was taken by capt. Elliott, 23 Aug. 1839, and ceded to Great Britain 20 Jan. 1841. Its chief town is Victoria, built in 1842, and erected into a bishopric in 1849. Sir John Bowring, governor from 1854 to 1859, was succeeded by sir Hercules Robinson. Governors: sir Richard G. MacDonnell, 1865; sir Arthur Edward Kennedy, 1872; John Pope Hennessy, Nov. 1876. Honi soit qui mal y pense, "Evil be to him who evil thinks." It is mythically said that the countess of Salisbury, at a ball at court, happening to drop her garter, the king, Edward III., took it up and presented it to her with these words, which afterwards became the motto of the order of the Garter; see Garter. Honor. Temples were erected to Honor by Scipio Africanus, about 197 B.C.; and by C. Marius, about 102 B.C.-The Legion of Honor was created by Bonaparte in 1802. Honveds, the militia of Hungary. They supported the rebellion against the emperor in 1849, but on the completion of the changes whereby the independence of Hungary was secured, in 1868, they offered a loyal address to the emperor-king. Hooks AND Codfish, party names; see Holland, 1347. Hoop-petticoat, see Crinoline. Hops, in use in England in 1425.-Harleian MS. Introduced from the Netherlands into England about| Horse. The people of Thessaly were excellent equestrians, and probably first among the Greeks who broke them in for service in war; whence probably arose the fable that Thessaly was originally inhabited by centaurs. "Solomon had 40,000 stalls of horses for his chariots, and 12,000 horsemen," 1014 B.C. 1 Kings iv. 26. The Greeks and Romans had some covering to secure their horses' hoofs from injury. In the ninth century horses were only shod in time of frost. Shoeing was introduced into England by William I., 1066; see Races. The horse-tax was imposed in 1784. Its operation was extended, and its amount increased, in 1796; and again Annual license duty on horses and mules, 10s. 6d. each; horse-dealers' license, 127. 10s. (act passed 1869)..... Mr. J. S. Rarey, an American, made a great sensation in London by taming vicious and wild horses, and even a zebra from the Zoological Gardens. His system is founded on a profound study of the disposition of the animal, and on kindness. He initiated many illustrious persons in his method (on 20 March, lord Palmerston and twenty others) binding them to secrecy; from which they were released in June, when his book was reprinted in England without his consent.. 1870 1858 He gave a lecture to the London cabmen, which was well .May, 1860 ...July, 1864 Horse-flesh. An establishment for the sale of it as hu A man food was opened at Paris on 9 July, 1866, with great Franco-Anglo-American horse, mule, and donkey banquet was held at Paris... |