Ireland, Spaniards. 1601 ..1 Jan. 1855 Inundation of the valleys of the Severn and Teme after In Holland, nearly 40,000 acres submerged.. about 30 Jan. 1869 Inundation at Rome, causing great distress; relieved by the king... ..28, 29 Dec. 1870 Great inundations from the mountains in N. Italy; the Po and other rivers overflow; thousands of people unhoused; Mantua, Ferrara, etc., suffer much, latter part of Oct. 1872 Floods on banks of the Thames through very high tide, 20 March, 1874 Mill River Valley, near Northampton, Mass., U. S., several villages destroyed through the bursting of a reservoir, badly dammed; above 144 perished....16 May, Eureka, Nevada; through rain and a waterspout; between 20 and 30 persons perish.. ..24 July, Pittsburgh and Allegheny, W. Pennsylvania; storm of rain; the rivers overflow; about 220 persons drowned, 26 July, A large part of Toulouse destroyed by the rising of the Garonne; about 1000 lives lost and much property (St. Cyprien quarter a sepulchre).. Heavy rains cause inundations in west of England and Wales; destruction and loss of life at Newport and Monmouth, 15, 16 July; in the midland and western counties, especially near Nottingham, about 17-23 Oct. ; again.. ...13-16 Nov. June, 1875 - Great storms in India; Ahmedabad inundated; about Inundations in Murcia, Spain, through heavy rains; Again in Hungary... Midland counties of England; much damage, Invention, see Cross, Patents. Inventors' Institute, established in May, 1862; first president, sir David Brewster. Inverary, Argyllshire, made a royal burgh, 1648. The duke of Argyll's castle, rebuilt by Adam, 1745–8, was greatly injured by fire, 12 Oct. 1877. Inverness (N.W. Scotland), a city of the Picts up to 843. It was taken by Edward I.; retaken by Bruce, 1313; burned by the lord of the Isles, 1411; taken by Cromwell, 1649; and by prince Charles Edward in 1746. He was totally defeated at Culloden, about five miles from Inverness, 16 April, 1746. Investigation, see Delicate. Investiture OF ECCLESIASTICS, was a cause of discord between the pope and temporal sovereigns in the middle ages; and led to actual war between Gregory VII. and the emperor Henry IV., 1075-85. The pope endeavored to deprive the sovereign of the right of nominating bishops and abbots, and of investing them with the cross and ring. Henry V. gave up the right, by treaty, Feb. 1111; but other sovereigns resolutely refused to concede it. Invincible Armada, or SPANISH ARMADA, sce Armada. Invocation OF THE VIRGIN AND SAINTS to intercede with God. This practice of the Roman Catholic church has been traced to the time of Gregory the Great, 593. The Eastern church began (in the fifth century) by calling upon the dead, and demanding their suffrage as present in the divine offices. Iodine (from the Greek iwong, violet-like), was discovered by M. De Courtois, a manufacturer of saltpetre at Paris in 1812, and investigated by M. Clement, 1813. On the application of heat it rises in the form of a dense violet-colored vapor, easily evaporates, and melts at 220 degrees; it changes vegetable blues to yellow, and a seven-thousandth part converts water to a deep yellow color, and starch into a purple. Iona, Icolmkill, or Hii, one of the Hebrides. about 8-11 Oct. 1880 About 565 St. Columba founded a monastery here, which (See Mansion-house Funds.) flourished till the eighth and ninth centuries, when it Terrible inundations in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys; was frequently ravaged by the Norsemen. Other remany lives lost and incalculable damage to property, ligious bodies afterwards were formed here, and the isle Feb. 1882. Governor of Mississippi issued appeal for aid..... .....22 Feb. 1882 was long esteemed sacred. Invalides, HÔTEL DES, founded in 1671 by Louis XIV. Its chapel contains the body of Napoleon I., deposited there 15 Dec. 1840. Ionia (Asia Minor). About 1040 B.C. the Iones, a Pelasgic race, emigrated from Greece, and settled here and on the adjoining islands. They built Ephesus, Smyrna, and other noble cities. They were conquered by the great Cyrus about 548 B.C.; revolted 504, but were again subdued. After the victories of Cimon, Ionia became independent and remained so till 387, when it was once more subjected to Persia. It formed part of the dominions of Alexauder and his successors; was annexed to the Roman empire, 133, and conquered by the Turks.-Ionia was renowned for poets, historians, and 1136 philosophers. 29 Sept. 1066 1091 1103 Formed into an independent state under the protection of Great Britain (sir Thomas Maitland lord high commissioner). A constitution ratified.. A university established at Corfu. The constitution liberalized during the lord Seaton.... In consequence of complaints, Mr. W. 1200 ....5 Nov. 1815 Ireland reduced to temporary obedience by king John.. 1210 Invasion of Edward Bruce, 1315; crowned king.. Defeated and slain at Foughart, near Dundalk.. Lionel, duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III., marries Elizabeth de Burgh, heiress of Ulster... Statute of Kilkenny passed by him (which see). Richard II. lands at Waterford with a train of nobles, 4000 men-at-arms, and 30,000 archers; gains the af fection of the people by his munificence, and confers the honor of knighthood on their chiefs. Richard again lands in Ireland 1316 1318 1361 1367 1394 1399 ....11 July, 1817 1823 government of 1848-9 Gladstone went out on a commission of inquiry, etc." ..Nov. 1858 Sir H. Storks, lord high commissioner. Feb. 1859 The parliament declare for annexation to Greece, March, 1861, and April, 1862 The islands annexed to Greece, 28 May; the British troops retired, 2 June, and king George I. arrived at Corfu (see Greece)....... ....6 June, 1864 Ionic Order OF ARCHITECTURE, an improvement on the Doric, was invented by the Ionians about 1350 B.C.-Vitruvius. Its distinguishing characters are the slenderness and flutings of its columns, and the volutes of rams' horns that adorn the capital. Ionic Sect OF PHILOSOPHERS, founded by Thales of Miletus about 600 B.C., distinguished for its abstruse speculations under his successors and pupils, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, and Archelaus, the master of Socrates. They held that the world is a living being, and that water is the origin of all things. Iowa, a western state of the United States, was organized as a territory 12 June, 1838; and admitted into the Union 28 Dec. 1846. Capital, Des Moines. Ipsus (Phrygia), BATTLE OF, Aug. 301 B.C., when Seleucus was confirmed in his kingdom of Syria by the defeat and death of Antigonus, king of Asia. The latter led into the field an army of about 70,000 foot and 10,000 horse, with 75 elephants. The former had 64,000 infantry, besides 10,500 horse, 400 elephants, and 120 armed chariots.-Plutarch. Ipswich (Suffolk), the Saxon Gippeswic, was ravaged by the Danes, 991 and 1000. Wolsey was born here, 1471; and founded a school in 1525. The port was greatly improved by the erection of wet-docks, 1837-42. The railway to London was opened 25 June, 1846; and the new town-hall, 29 Jan. 1868. The sanguinary Head act passed at Trim by the earl of Desmond, deputy. This act ordained "That it shall be lawful to all manner of men that find any theeves robbing by day or night, or going or coming to rob or steal, or any persons going or coming, having no faithful man of good name and fame in their company, in English apparell, that it shall be lawful to take and kill those, and to cut off their heads, without any impeachment of our sovereign lord the king. And of any head so cut off in the county of Meath, that the cutter and his ayders there to him cause the said head so cut off to be brought to the portreffe to put it upon a stake or spear, upon the castle of Trim; and that the said portreffe shall testify the bringing of the same to him. And that it shall be lawful for the said bringer of the said head to distrain and levy by his own hand (as his reward) of every man having one ploughland in the barony, two pence; and of every man having half a ploughland, one peny; and of every man having one house and goods, value forty shillings, one peny; and of every other cottier having house and smoak, one half peny, "" etc. Much slaughter is said to have en sued.. Apparel and Surname act (the Irish to dress like the Eng The Reformed religion embraced by some of the English chancellor of St. Patrick's. 1465 66 1494 1534 1542 1547 1569 1571 700 Italians, headed by Fitzmaurice, land in Kerry; they are treacherously butchered by the earl of Ormond... 1580 O'Neill revolts, 1697; defeats the English at Blackwater, ....1601-2 14 Aug. 1598 He invites over the Spaniards, and settles them in Kinsale; defeated by the lord deputy Mountjoy. In consequence of repeated rebellions and forfeitures, 511,465 acres of land in the province of Ulster became vested in the crown; and James I., after removing the Irish from their hills and fastnesses, divides the land among such of his English and Scottish Protestant subjects as choose to settle there (see Irish Society)....1609-12 Ulster civil war: More and Maguire's rebellion; the Catholics said to conspire to expel the English, and massacre the Protestant settlers in Ulster, commenced on St. Ignatius's day (some doubt the massacre), 23 Oct. 1641 O'Neill defeats the English under Monroe at Benburb, 5 June, 1646 Massacre and capture of Drogheda by Cromwell. 11 Sept. 1649 Cromwell and Ireton reduce the whole island to obedi ence.... Landing of James II.. Arrival of St. Patrick.. Christianity established... ,.about A. D. ...about 448 432 The Danes and Normans, known by the name of Easterlings, or Ostmen, invade Ireland.. They build Dublin and other cities...... Brian Boroimhe totally defeats the Danes at Clontarf; and is killed... 795 Indulgences granted to the Catholics by the relief bill.. 1778 Ireland admitted to a free trade. 1779 .about 800 .23 April, 1014 [In the twelfth century Ireland is divided into five kingdoms, viz. Ulster, Leinster, Meath, Connaught, and Munster. besides a number of petty principalities, whose sovereigns continually warred with each other.] Irish rebellion commenced, 4 May, 1798; cost 150,000 English and Irish exchequers consolidated.. Dr. Whately, supporter of Irish national-school system, becomes archbishop of Dublin... Irish Reform act passed.. Poor-laws introduced: act passed 1831 ..7 Aug. 1832 .31 July, 1838 Proclamation against secret societies.. Arrests of members of Phoenix Society. Proposed demonstration of landlords (headed by marquess of Downshire) given up...... 27 Jan. 1859 National Gallery founded.. ... Feb. .....Sept. ...Nov. Dec. 66 Agitation against the Irish national-school system, Sept. Religious revival movement in the north, particularly at Belfast... Oct. Great emigration to America in the spring. 1860 66 "Young Ireland" (which see) party formed. 1840 Population by census, 8, 196,597 1841 Great Repeal movement; meeting at Trim (see Repeal), 16 March, 1843 O'Connell's trial (for political conspiracy), found guilty (see Trials).. 15 Jan.-12 Feb. 1844 Appointment of new commissioners of charitable bequests (rank of the R. C. bishops recognized)..18 Dec. Irish National Education Board incorporated...23 Sept. 1845 Committal of William Smith O'Brien to the custody of the sergeant-at-arms for contempt in not obeying an order of the house of commons to attend a committee, 30 April, 1846 Failure of the potato crop throughout Ireland; sufferers relieved by parliament.. William Smith O'Brien and the "Young Ireland," or physical force, party secede from the Repeal Association.. .29 July, O'Connell's last speech in the commons. ..8 Feb. 1847 Grants from parliament amounting to 10,000,000l. to relieve the people suffering from famine and disease Death of O'Connell at Genoa, on his way to Rome, in his 73d year; he bequeathed his heart to Rome... 15 May, Deputation, from the Irish people (?)-Smith O'Brien, Meagher, O'Gorman, etc.-to Lamartine and others, members of the provisional government at Paris, 3 April, 1848 Great meeting of "Young Irelanders" at Dublin, 4 April, Arrest of Mitchel, editor of the United Irishman, 13 May, State trials in the Irish Queen's Bench........ 15-27 May, Mitchell found guilty and sentenced to transportation for fourteen years. 26 May, Doheny, etc., 8 July, .26 July, .26 July, Arrest of Gavan Duffy, Martin, Meagher, for felonious writings, speeches, etc ovation... ......Nov. Attempted revival of Repeal agitation ....... Dec. Agrarian outrages; alderman Sheehy murdered..23 Oct. Census taken; population, 5,798,967. ...8 April, 1861 Suspension of packet service between Galway and America through the company's breach of contract, 23 May, Visit of the prince of Wales, 29 June; and the queen and prince consort.. .24-31 Aug. Irish Law Court commission appointed... ... 13 Dec. Numerous agrarian murders: Gustav Thiebault, 28 April; Francis Fitzgerald, 16 May (and others); Michael Hayes shoots Mr. John Braddell ..30 July, 1862 The primate, J. G. Beresford, archbishop of Armagh, dies, aged 89. 19 July, Building for the Catholic university founded....20 July, An Orange demonstration at Belfast leads to destructive riots. 17 Sept. Great agricultural distress; many murders and outrages, end of 1862, beginning of 1863 Galway packet service restored by subsidy of 70,000Z. Aug. 66 .29 July, 66 ..5 Aug. Death of Smith O'Brien, descendant of king Brian Boroimhe 16 June, Address of the "National Association" to liberate tenant capital, recover the property of the catholic church, etc.... 66 12 Aug. .14 Aug. ..Sept. 46 12 Jan. 1835 Opening of the International Exhibition at Dublin by the prince of Wales. .9 May, General election favorable to the government and liberal party ....July. Importation of cattle from England prohibited on account of the plague... ...25 Aug. Seizure of the newspaper Irish People and thirty Fenians (see Fenians). 15-17 Sept., 14 Oct. ..9 Nov ...24-25 Nov. 66 66 66 46 Smith O'Brien, Meagher, and the other confederates tried and sentenced to death.. ..9 Oct. The Irish Court of Queen's Bench gives judgment on writs of error sued out by the prisoners convicted of high-treason, and confirms the judgment of the court below. .16 Jan. 1849 O'Brien, Meagher, McManus, and O'Donaghue transported... ..9 July, Orange and Catholic affray at Dolly's Brae; several lives lost .12 July, Her majesty visits Ireland, and holds her court at Dublin Castle.. 5 Aug. First court under the Encumbered Estates act (which see) held in Dublin.. .24 Oct. .15 Aug. 1850 ....22 Aug. .30 March, 1851 Queen's University in Ireland established. Roman Catholic university originated, and large sums Death of R. Lalor Sheil at Florence. McManus escapes from transportation, and The Irish Tenant League hold a meeting on the site of the battle of the Boyne..... .14 July, 17 Oct. 66 ..24 May, 1852 Cork National Exhibition opened. .10 June, Irish Industrial Exhibition set on foot; Mr. Dargan, a railway contractor, contributes towards it 26,000l., First meeting of the Catholic Defence Association," Meagher escapes from Van Diemen's Land, and arrives at New York.. International Exhibition closed Fenian trials begun at Dublin, 27 Nov.; Thomas Clarke Luby convicted of treason-felony; sentenced to twenty years' penal servitude. About 320 suspected Fenians remain in prison...1 Sept. Great seizure of fire-arms.... ...1 Dec. 66 O'Leary and others convicted, Dec.; O'Donovan, or Rossa, sentenced to imprisonment for life.. .13 Dec. More Fenians arrested and convicted at Cork and Dublin..... ..Jan., Feb. 1866 Discovery of an arms-manufactory at Dublin; the city and county proclaimed as put under the provisions of the Peace Preservation act 11 Jan. Habeas Corpus act suspended; many Fenians flee, 17 Feb. Agitation respecting Irish church; debates in parliament, Lord Abercorn made lord-lieutenant. April, ...July, 15 Dec. 66 Clare and other counties proclaimed under Peace Preservation act . Dec. Election riots at Dungarvan; capt. Barthol-Kelly killed, 28 Dec. 46 Death of Wm. Dargan, promoter of Irish Exhibition, 24 June, 7 Feb. 1867 Irish college of science established at Dublin....early in Another Fenian outbreak (see Fenians).....5-13 March, Appointment of commission respecting church of Ireland agreed to.. 24 June, 66 man... 10 Sept. ...11 Sept. ..June, 1853 9 June, 12 May, 29 Aug. ...4 Oct. More trials of Fenians.... Chancery and Common-law Offices act passed...20 Aug. Irish church commission appointed, earl Stanhope chair30 Oct. 44 Nov. 46 Dreadful railway accident near Dublin.. Declaration of many Roman Catholic clergy professing loyalty, but claiming self-government for Ireland, Peaceful state of the south; few prisoners for trial, March, 1872 27 May, Capt. Nolan, M. P. for Galway, unseated for intimidation by his agents; the Roman Catholic bishops and clergy severely censured by justice Keogh in giving sentence, about 27 May, O'Byrne v. Marquess of Hartington and others (police) for exceeding duty in suppressing a meeting in Phoenix park, Dublin, in Aug. 1871; verdict for plaintiff, 257. damages.. 11 July, Fathers Loftus and Quain tried for undue interference in Galway election; jury disagreed........10-14 Feb. 1874 Mr. Gladstone brings into the commons the Irish University bill (rejected and withdrawn). .....13 Feb. The Roman Catholic bishop of Clonfert, Dr. Duggan, tried and acquitted (see Dublin). 15-19 Feb. Trial, O'Keeffe v. Cardinal Cullen, begins (see Trials), 66 66 46 12 May, ...Oct. 23 Dec. 1867 Mrs. Neill murdered at her own door near Dublin, Bishop Moriarty, of Kerry, publishes a circular censuring the funeral processions for Fenians... .30 Dec. Prosecution of the Irishman newspaper for sedition, 10 Jan. 1868 Arrest of Geo. Francis Train on his arrival from America, on suspicion of Fenianism; soon discharged (claimed 10,000l.).. .18 Jan. Publication of facts proving the increased prosperity of the country.. 28 Jan. Great Protestant defence meeting at Dublin, many peers present ..6 Feb. Habeas Corpus act suspended till 1 March, 1869 (S3 per. Feb. sons detained on suspicion).. Messrs. Sullivan and Pigott convicted of seditious libels in their newspapers (the Weekly News and Irishman); sentenced to imprisonment and fine.. ..18, 19 Feb. Mr. Johnston, grand - master of an Orange lodge, imprisoned for infraction of Party Processions act, March, Train arrested for debt.... .3 March, Four nights' debate on Ireland in the Commons ended (Mr. Gladstone declared for disestablishment of the Irish Protestant church). 16 March, Irish Reform bill introduced into the commons, 19 March, Debate on Mr. Gladstone's proposal for a committee on his resolutions for the disestablishment of the church (carried by 328 to 272), 30 March to early morning of 4 April, Mr. Featherstonehaugh, J. P., a deputy-lieutenant, shot dead while returning from Dublin (he had recently raised the rent of his tenants)... 15 April, Visit of prince and princess of Wales; arrive at Dublin; intense enthusiasm. ..15 April, The prince and princess at Punchestown races.. 16 April, The prince installed as a Knight of St. Patrick..18 April, The prince and princess at review in Phoenix park, 20 April; leave Dublin.. ..24 April, Increased emigration to United States. 66 Home rule and amnesty associations active. 66 66 9 April, 1875 26 May, ...28 May, Mitchell's election declared void. 64 66 ..Dec. compelled to resign.. 28 April, .11 May, Address of abp. Leahy condemning agrarian murders, 16 May, Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, a Fenian convict, elected 46 64 66 The Judicature act comes into operation..........1 Jan. 1878 18 Oct. 66 Many agrarian outrages. O'Donovan Rossa's election annulled.. Irish Church convention met.. .25 Nov. Irish Intermediate Education act passed.. Bill to abolish the Queen's University, and to establish a new university (for Roman Catholics), introduced by lord chancellor Cairas, 30 June; carried in commons (257-90), 25 July; passed..... 15 Aug. 46 64 Protestants.. July, 66 Irish Land act passed.. The Home Government Association," to include all parties, meet at Dublin... Aggressive outrages and murders. 44 ....1 Sept. ...Nov. Some Fenian convicts released from prison. ..Jan. 1871 John Martin, a nationalist, elected M. P. for Meath..5 Jan. Census taken; population, 5,402,759.. ..3 April, Bill for protection of life and property in Westmeath brought in (and soon passed) on account of ribandism, Chief constable Talbot shot, n'ght of 11 July; died, 66 2 May, 15 July, Visit of the prince of Wales to open the Royal Agricultu Riot through attempted repression of Fenian sympa. 7 Aug. French deputation (comte de Flavigny and others) to The Roman Catholic bishop of Derry, the O'Donoghue, An Irish national convention to meet at Dublin proposed Appeal for the Irish National Land League by Mr. Par 66 Contributions to the famine funds arrive from Canada, Australia, India, United States, etc.........Jan.-Feb. 1880 Mr. Parnell's agitation said to be a dead failure..... Feb. 20,000l. received from lord mayor of London (Dublin county returns, 82,422/.).... Seed Supply act passed... .28 Feb. .1 March, Relief of Distress (Ireland) act passed. 15 March, Relief fund: 129,000l. received up to 25 March; 141,562. up to 17 April, 19 April, Charter for new Irish university signed by the queen, Relief for Irish distress brought in the Constellation from United States; arrives at Cork.. .20 April, Received for Irish distress, 177,4017.; distributed, 170,3571.... up to 23 July, Compensation for Disturbance bill (to check evictions, restrain landlords, and benefit tenants), second reading in commons (295-217), 5, 6 July; passed in commons (303-237), 27 July; rejected by the lords (282-51).3 Aug. Mr. Thomas Boyd, crown solicitor, and sons fired at and wounded (Charles killed) at Shanlough, near New Ross, Sunday, 8 Aug. 40 cases of arms (960 weapons) stolen from the Juno, a Norwegian vessel, in the docks at Cork, 11 Aug.; some found concealed.. 13 Aug. 15-18 Aug. Rioting at Dungannon, Belfast. Violent speech of Mr. Dillon, M. P., at Kildare, in favor of the Land League, 15 Aug.; termed "wicked and cowardly" by Mr. W. E. Forster, who justifies the terms in parliament.. ..23 Aug. Mr. Parnell proposes that tenant should become owner of land after paying 35 years' just rent... ....Sept. The duchess of Marlborough's relief fund; total received from all parts, 135, 2457., and 1197. interest from the Bank of Ireland; reported.. ......19 Sept. Lord Mountmorres shot at Rutheen near Clonbar, Galway, about 8 P.M.. .25 Sept. Progress of agitation; exciting speeches of Messrs. Parnell, Redpath, Dillon, and others.. ...Sept.-Oct. 105 leading land owners with agents wait on the lord lieutenant at Dublin, describing the terrorist state of the south and west of the country and need of protection, 66 66 66 7 Oct. 66 Roman Catholic abp. McCabe's pastoral against agitation and murders; read in chapels... 10 Oct. Agrarian outrages; John Downing, a driver, killed by a shot aimed at his employer, Mr. Samuel Hutchins, near Drimoleague, Cork.. ..16 Oct. Arrest of Timothy M. Healy, Mr. Parnell's secretary, and Mr. Walsh, for intimidation of Mr. Manning (on 16 Oct.), 26, 27 Oct. Messrs. Parnell and others arrested for conspiracy and intimidation to prevent tenants paying rent, etc. (19 counts); notices served... 3 Nov et seq. Mr. Boycott of Lough Mask farm, near Ballinrobe, Mayo, besieged; his laborers threatened; his tradesmen refuse to supply him; his crops gathered by immigrant laborers, protected by military, etc.. ....11, 12 Nov. Mr. Henry Wheeler, land agent, murdered.......12 Nov. Mr. Forster, Irish secretary, sends a circular to the magistrates reminding them of their statutory powers, about 8 Dec. Mr. W. Bence Jones of Ballinascorthy treated like Mr. Boycott... ...Dec. 66 Peace Preservation bill (Arms bill); introduced 1 March; passed commons, 11, 12 March; passed lords, 18 March; royal assent... 21 March, Many agitators arrested; 23 in Kilmainham jail. 10 March, "Clan-na-Gael" secret society to replace Fenians said to be formed... . March, Irish Land bill ("legalized confiscation "-Beaconsfield) introduced into the commons by Mr. Gladstone. 7 April, More arrests (total about 40).... ....up to 20 April, Cruel outrages in different places; Dublin city proclaimed under Coercion act, 1 May; John Dillon, M. P., arrested (released Aug.)....... 2 May, Division in Irish parliamentary party; Mr. Parnell and others oppose the Land bill.. .about 5 May, ..April, May, May, Increase in amount of crime. Total arrests, 54; increase of evictions.. Irish Land bill read second time (352-176); Mr. Parnell and about 20 retire, 19, 20 May; third time (220-14). 29 July, Agrarian outrages, 439, Jan.; 170, Feb.; 146, March; 296, April; 238 in three weeks.. 66 Rioting at various places in county Cork, etc. 5, 6, 7 June, 1881 Population diminished one ninth in ten years (by census), June, Land bill in house of lords; read second time, 2, 3 Aug.; third time (with amendments), 8 Aug.; the commons reject some of the amendments, 12 Aug.; the lords resist, 13 Aug.; the commons modify the amendments, 15 Aug.; the lords yield, 16 Aug.; royal assent. 22 Aug. KINGS AND GOVERNORS OF IRELAND.* 1172. Hugues de Lasci. 1173, Rich. Fitz-Gislebert, earl of 1176, Raymond le Gros. 1177, prince John (afterwards king), made lord of Ireland." 1184 et seq. Justiciars. The changes were so frequent that the more important offices only are given. See Gilbert's "History of the Viceroys," 1865. 1189, 1203, 1205. Hugues de Lasci. 1199, 1204. Meiller Fitz-Henri (son of Henry II.). 1215, 1226. Geoffrey de Marreis. 1229-32-33. Maurice Fitzgerald. 1312, Edmund le 1308. Piers Gaveston, earl of Cornwall. Botiller. 1316, Roger de Mortimer. 1320, Thomas Fitzgerald. 1321, John de Bermingham. 1327, earl of Kildare. 1328 and 1340, Prior Roger Utlagh. 1332, sir John d'Arcy. 1337, sir John de Cherlton. 1344, sir Raoul d'Ufford. 1346, sir Roger d'Arcy; sir John Moriz. 1348, Walter de Bermingham. 1355, Maurice, earl of Desmond. 1356, Thomas de Rokeby. 1357, Almeric de St. Amand. 1359, James, earl of Ormond. 1361, Lionel, duke of Clarence. 1367, Gerald, earl of Desmond. 1369 and 1374, William de Windsor. 1376, Maurice, earl of Kildare, and James, earl of Ormond. 1380, Edmund Mortimer, earl of March. 1385, Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford. 1389 and 1398, sir John Stanley. 1391, James, earl of Ormond. 1393, Thomas, duke of Gloucester. 1395, Roger de Mortimer, earl of March, killed. 1398, Reginald Grey and Thomas de Holland. 1401 and 1408, Thomas, earl of Lancaster. 1413, sir John Stanley and sir John Talbot. 1420, James, earl of Ormond. 1423, Edmund de Mortimer, earl of March. 1425, sir John Talbot. 1427, sir John de Grey. 1428, sir John Sutton, lord Dudley. 1431 and 1435, sir Thomas Stanley. 1438, Leon, lord de Welles. 1446, John, earl of Shrewsbury. 1449, Richard, duke of York. 1461, George, duke of Clarence. 1470, earl of Worcester. 1478, John de la Pole, earl of Suffolk. 1481, Richard, earl of Kildare. 1483, Gerald, earl of Kildare. 1484, John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln. 1485, Jasper, duke of Bedford. 1494, Henry, duke of York, afterwards Henry VIII (his deputy, sir E. Poynings). 1496, Gerald, carl of Kildare, and in 1504, 1513. 1521, Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey. 1529, Henry, duke of Richmond. Gerald, his son, 1556-61. Thomas, earl of Sussex. [Among the lord deputies, 1560, etc., sir Wm. Fitzwilliam. 1584, sir John Perrot.] 1599, Robert, earl of Essex. 1603. Sir Charles Blount, lord Mountjoy, made earl of Devonshire. 1640, Thomas, viscount Wentworth, earl of Strafford. 1643 and 1648, James, marquess of Ormond. 1647, Philip lord Lisle. 1649, Oliver Cromwell. 1657, Henry Cromwell. 1662, James Butler, duke of Ormond. 1669, John Roberts, lord Roberts. 1670, John, The list of Irish sovereigns printed in previous editions has been omitted. The Irish writers carry their succession of kings very high. The learned antiquary Thomas Innes, of the Scots' College of Paris, expressed his wonder that "the learned men of the Irish nation have not, like those of other nations, yet published the valuable remains of their ancient history whole and entire, with just translations, in order to separate what is fabulous, and only grounded on the traditions of their poets and bards, from what is certain history," "O'Flaherty, Keating, Toland, Kennedy, and other modern Irish historians have rendered all uncertain by deducing their history from the Deluge with as much assurance as they deliver the transactions of Ireland from St. Patrick's time.Anderson. The "Annals of the Four Masters," edited by Dr. Donovan, were published in Irish and English in 1848. .May, Riots connected with evictions at Scariff, county Clare; some persons killed; many injured..... + Lords justices and deputies, and latterly LORDS LIEUTENIt has been several times proposed to abolish the viceroyalty of Ireland, but without success. The last time 25 March, 1853. |
