Page images
PDF
EPUB
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

President Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinsville, Georgia, imprisoned..

.11 May,

[ocr errors]

66

[ocr errors]

President Johnson proclaims the opening of the southern ports, 22 May; and an amnesty with certain exemp tions.... ..29 May, Solemn fast observed for death of president Lincoln, 1 June,

[ocr errors][merged small]

Grant assaults Lee's intrenchments at Cold Harbor, and is repulsed with a loss of about 10,000 men; the confederates losing 1000... .3 June, 1864 After a succession of attacks on both sides, Grant by a flank movement marches to the other side of Richmond, and faces Petersburg, 15 June; where, having taken the first intrenchments after desperate assaults, he is repulsed with considerable loss.........18 June, The confederate steamer Alabama (capt. Semmes) attacked and sunk by the U.S. corvette Kearsarge (capt. .19 June, Winslow) near Cherbourg, France. Mr. Chase, secretary of the treasury, resigns; succeeded by Mr. Fessenden. ..July, Part of Lee's army invades Maryland, 5 July; defeats Wallace near Monocacy river, 9 July; threatens Baltimore and Washington, and retreats.. .12, 13 July, Sherman's three battles at Atlanta (Ga.), 20, 22 July; victory remains with the federals.. 28 July, Confederates again invade Maryland and Pennsylvania, and destroy Chambersburg... 30 July, Grant orders the explosion of a mine at Petersburg, whereby 250 confederates are killed; but the assault following is repulsed with great slaughter....30 July, The Tallahassee confederate steamer (built in London) destroys many U.S. merchantmen.. ...July-Aug. Severe conflicts in the Shenandoah valley; the federals victors Aug.

[ocr errors]

66

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

The confederate flotilla near Mobile destroyed by Farragut, 5 Aug.; Fort Gaines taken.. .8 Aug. McClellan nominated for the presidency by the "democratic" Chicago convention

.1 Sept.

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

Sherman occupies Atlanta; the confederate general Hood retires.

...2 Sept. Sherman orders the depopulation of Atlanta......7 Sept. McClellan declares for maintaining the Union; the democratic party divided... 13 Sept. Sheridan (federal) defeats Early at Winchester, in the Shenandoah valley, but with very great loss..19 Sept. The confederates drive back the federals at Cedar Creek; Sheridan arrives, rallies his troops, and defeats the confederates. ...19 Oct. St. Alban's raid.-Between 20 and 30 armed men enter St. Alban's, Vt.; rob the bank, and carry off horses and stores; fire on and kill several persons, and flee to Canada, 19 Oct.; where 13 of them are arrested..21 Oct. Lincoln re-elected president; McClellan resigns his command in U. S. army. .8 Nov.

Sherman begins his march through Georgia to Savannah, 16 Nov. Hood's attack on Thomas (federal), at Franklin, repulsed with severe loss.. ...30 Nov. Lincoln's message to congress considered "bold" 6 Dec.

The St. Alban's raiders discharged by Judge Coursol; gen. Dix issues an order for reprisals (annulled by the president). .14 Dec.

Hood defeated by Thomas (federal) near Nashville, 14-16 Dec. Sherman storms fort McAllister, 13 Dec.; enters Savannah... ..21 Dec. Wilmington bombarded; the attack of gen. Butler and admiral Porter repulsed. . 24, 25 Dec.

The St. Alban's raiders recaptured and committed for trial,

[merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors]

Fruitless meeting of president Lincoln and secretary
Seward with the confederate vice-president Stephens
and two commissioners, to treat for peace in Hampton
Roads..
..2, 3 Feb.
The Canadian government surrenders Burley, a raider,
to the federals.
...3 Feb. "C
Lee takes the general command of the confederate ar-
mies; he recommends enlistment of negroes..18 Feb.
Wilmington captured by Schofield...
.22 Feb.
The confederate congress decree the arming of the
slaves..
22 Feb.

Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson inaugurated as
president and vice-president....
.4 March,
A new stringent tariff comes into operation.....1 April,
Three days' sanguinary conflict at Five Forks, began 31
March; Sheridan turns Lee's flank, and totally defeats
him, 1 April; Lee retreats...
.2 April,
Richmond and Petersburg evacuated by the confeder-
ates and occupied by Grant..
2, 3 April,
Sheridan overtakes and defeats Lee at Sailor's Creek, 6
April; Lee surrenders with the army of Northern Vir-
ginia to Grant, at Appomatox court house.....9 April,
Mobile evacuated by the confederates
12 April,
The Union flag replaced at Fort Sumter, Charleston,
14 April,

President Lincoln shot in the head at Ford's theatre,
Washington, about 11 o'clock P.M., 14 April, by J.
Wilkes Booth, who escapes; Mr. Seward, the secretary
of state, and his son, wounded in his own house by
an assassin about the same time; Lincoln dies at 7.30
A.M., 15 April; Andrew Johnson, vice president, sworn
in as seventeenth president
.15 April,
The convention between Sherman and Johnston (favor-
able to confederates), 18 April, disavowed by the gov

[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors]

The armies rapidly disbanding; fierce riots at New York between whites and negroes.. ..June, Galveston, Texas, the last seaport held by the South, surrendered.. 5 June, The British and French governments rescind their recognition of the confederates as belligerents. 2, 6 June, President Johnson, uniting with the democrats, and acting leniently towards the South; reorganization of the state governments.. ..June, Close of the long trial of the assassination conspirators, 29 June; execution of Payne, Atzerott, Harrold or Herold, and Mrs. Surratt ..7 July, The president declines recognition of the emperor of Mexico.... ...18 July,

All southern prisoners of war to be released on parole on taking the oath of allegiance.... 29 July, The confederate privateer Shenandoah (capt. Waddell) captures and destroys many federal vessels (about 30), Aug. Pacific policy of president Johnson; he declares himself opposed to centralization and in favor of state rights; and is bitterly opposed.. .Sept. Correspondence between earl Russell and Mr. Adams (U. S. minister, London) respecting the Alabama, confederate privateer; proposal of a commission to whom claims for reparation shall be referred, 7 April-18 Sept. Alex. H. Stephens and other southern officials pardoned, 11 Oct. Great meeting of Fenians at Philadelphia; the Irish republic proclaimed... 16-24 Oct. Much public discussion respecting equal negro suffrage, July-Oct.

[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

Gen. Robert E. Lee becomes president of Washington College, Virginia... ..2 Oct. Several southern states pass ordinances annulling secession, abolishing slavery, and renouncing confederate debt .Sept., Oct., Nov. National thanksgiving for the peace.. 2 Nov. "6 Capt. Waddell arrives at Liverpool, 6 Nov.; surrenders the Shenandoah to the British government, stating that he had not heard of the end of the war till 2 Aug.; he and his crew paroled, 8 Nov.; the vessel given up to the American consul. ..9 Nov. Capt. Wirz, after a long military trial, executed for cruelty to the federal prisoners at Andersonville......10 Nov. A negro convention at Charleston appeals for justice and generosity..... ..25 Nov. Ex-president Buchanan publishes his justification, Nov. Habeas corpus act restored in northern states....1 Dec. Close of correspondence between the British and United States governments respecting depredations of Alabama, Shenandoah, etc. The earl of Clarendon maintains that "no armed vessel departed during the war from a British port, to cruise against the commerce of the United States 2 Dec. Congress and government protest against the French intervention in Mexico, Nov. 6, 16 Dec. Opening of 39th congress; president Johnson's message conciliatory and firm (he requires from the southern states-repeal of their acts of secession, abolition of slavery, and repudiation of confederate debt)...4 Dec. The republican party, opposed to the president, predominate in the congress, and move resolutions against Dec. restoration of southern states to the Union. Eighty-five members for southern states excluded from congress; congress refuses to recognize the state gov ernments instituted at the South, and insists upon a plan of reconstruction different from that of the president; beginning of the contest between the president and congress. 29 Dec. The republicans demand for the negroes personal, civil, and political rights, equal to those of the whites; the president proposes gradual enfranchisement, in separate states.. . Feb. 1866 The president vetoes the Freedman's Bureau bill, 21 Feb., and the bill for the civil rights of the blacks, 27 March, The president fiercely opposed by the republicans; the conservatives and democrats unite to support him, March, He proclaims the rebellion at an end. .3 April, The Civil Rights bill passed in spite of the veto..9 April, Fenian raids in Canada.. .31 May-7 June, Death of gen. Winfield Scott, aged 80, 29 May; and of Lewis Cass, aged 83... .17 June, Continued dissension between the president and congress.. ....July,

[ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]
[blocks in formation]

...Oct. .Oct.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

66

66 66

[ocr errors]

66

[ocr errors]

14 Aug. Tour of the president; he visits Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, etc.; he is very enthusiastically received; and speaks warmly, and often injudiciously, 24 Aug.-18 Sept. Elections for congress go in favor of the republicans, Oct. Death of Martin Van Buren, ex-president Trial of Jefferson Davis deferred till spring. Elections in all the states except Delaware and Maryland in favor of the republicans (about 2,200,000 to 1,800,000), Oct.-Nov. Meeting of congress; president's message; he declares that he adheres to his policy ..3 Dec. Bills to provide territorial governments in southern states; and restriction of president's appointing pow.3 Dec. ers proposed. The president charged with being "silent and motionless " ..Dec. A bill admitting negroes to the suffrage in District of Columbia passed.. ..13 Dec. Veto of president set aside. ..Jan. 1867 Supreme Court decides that congress has not power to appoint military tribunals... ...Jan. Impeachment of president agreed to in committee, 7 Jan. Nebraska admitted as the 37th state, over president's veto... ..9 Feb. Bill for establishing military government in the southern states, divided into five districts, discussed, 13-15 Feb. Modified and passed, 20 Feb.; vetoed by the president, 28 Feb. Mr. Peabody gives $1,000,000 to promote education in the South... . Feb. .4 March,

Fortieth congress opened..
Supplementary reconstruction bill for the South passed,

Tenure of Office act passed

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

66

[ocr errors]
[merged small][ocr errors]

Bill of impeachment of Johnson sent up to the senate by the house of representatives. .4 March, Judicious speech of lord Stanley in the British house of commons on the Alabama claims... ...6 March,

[ocr errors]

Trial of president Johnson comes before the senate,

23 March, .30 March,

Impeachment opened by gen. Butler..

Mr. Dickens sails from New York, after most affectionate parting... .22 April, National republican convention at Chicago; announce their "platform;" approving the congress reconstruction policy; severely condemning president Johnson; denouncing repudiation of the debt; declaring for protection of naturalized citizens, etc., 20 May; and proposing gen. Ulysses S. Grant as the next president, and Mr. Colfax as vice-president ..21 May,

The senate reject the 11th article of the impeachment, 16 May, Reject 2d and 3d articles, and adjourn sine die; intense excitement among republicans. 26 May, Mr. Stanton resigns, 27 May; succeeded by gen. Schofield, 30 May, Death of the ex-president James Buchanan.....1 June, Chinese embassy received by the president.....5 June, Bill for readmitting North and South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida, and Alabama, to representation in congress, passed by the senate. .....11 June,

Mr. Reverdy Johnson nominated ambassador to Great Britain .12 June, Arkansas readmitted over the president's veto..20 June, The democratic convention nominate Horatio Seymour for president, and Francis P. Blair for vice-president, 4-7 July, General amnesty (with exceptions) issued.... ...4 July, Wyoming territory organized... .22 July,

[ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]
[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[ocr errors]
[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors]

Russian America purchased for $7,000,000; treaty ratified by the senate

Many strikes among operatives. Jefferson Davis released on bail, 13 May; proceeded to New York, and thence to Canada.. .20 May, Supplementary reconstruction bill adopted over the president's veto.. ....15 July,

Long trial of John H. Surratt for complicity in assassination of president Lincoln; jury not agreed on verdict (discharged, 6 Nov. 1868).. ...10 Aug. E. M. Stanton, secretary of war, refuses to resign at the requisition of the president, 5 Aug.; suspended; succeeded by gen. Grant.. ..12 Aug. General amnesty proclaimed by the president....9 Sept. Removal of gen. Sheridan from the government of Louisiana, and of Sickles from North Carolina, for insubordination to the president Aug. -Sept. National cemetery at Antietam (which see) dedicated in .17 Sept. presence of the president.

Convention respecting Alabama claims signed by lord
Clarendon and Mr. Reverdy Johnson..
Prosecution of Jefferson Davis dropped; a nolle prosequi
entered...

.14 Jan. 1869

[ocr errors]

Indian war reported over..

..6 Feb. Feb.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Alabama treaty rejected by committee of senate, 18 Feb. Fifteenth article of amendment to the constitution passed, 26 Feb. Gen. Schenck's bill, declaring that all national obligations shall be paid in coin, passed. . ..3 March, Adjournment of 40th congress; meeting of 41st congress; president Grant assumes office. .4 March, Schenck's bill for cash payments passed by senate, 15 March, Act authorizing the Mexican claims commission passed, 7 April, Convention respecting Alabama claims rejected by the senate.... ...13 April, John Lothrop Motley appointed minister at London, April,

[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors]
[merged small][ocr errors]

Sir Frederick Bruce, British ambassador, died at Boston,

Treaty for purchase of Danish West Indies (St. Thomas
and St. John), for $7,500,000, signed..
Great general storm of snow and sleet; many perish;
many wrecks.

11-15 Dec. President Johnson censured, and gen. Sheridan thanked by house of representatives (see Aug. 1867)......4 Jan. 1868 Stanton restored to war department... .14, 15 Jan. The house of representatives declare that there is no valid government in the south; and transfer the jurisdiction from president Johnson to Grant, as general of the ..21 Jan.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

Steamboat Stonewall burned on the Mississippi; about 200 persons perish... 27 Oct. Admiral Charles Stewart, "Old Ironsides," aged 92, died, 6 Nov.

Correspondence respecting Alabama claims, etc., botween lord Clarendon and Mr. Hamilton Fish (JuneOct. 1869) published.... .Dec. Renewal of the reciprocity treaty with Canada rejected by senate 13 Dec.

U. S. corvette Oneida sunk by collision with British

[ocr errors]

P. & O. steamer Bombay; 112 lives lost.......24 Jan. 1870 [Capt. Eyre, of the Bombay, severely censured for not waiting to give succor.]

...Jan.

[ocr errors]
[blocks in formation]

Darien canal scheme approved by congress, Jan.; treaty signed..

.26 Jan.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

Prince Arthur presented to president Grant, 24 Jan.; attended Mr. Peabody's funeral.. .8 Feb. Virginia (15 Jan.) and Mississippi readmitted to congress, 3 Feb. by senate,

23 March,

30 March,

[ocr errors]

The inland cotton tax repealed. Edward Thornton, new British ambassador, and Charles Dickens received by the president.. ...7 Feb. Angry correspondence between the president and gen. Grant.. .28 Jan.-14 Feb. President Johnson orders dismissal of Stanton, and appoints gen. Thomas secretary of war, 21 Feb.; declared illegal by the senate.. .22 Feb. The impeachment of the president voted by house of representatives (126 to 47), 24 Feb.; reported at the

[blocks in formation]

.30 June, .12 July, .15 July,

[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors]

San Domingo annexation treaty sent to senate 10 Jan.;

rejected...

Admiral J. A. Dahlgren died.

Session of congress closed..

J. L. Motley, minister to Great Britain, recalled...July, First through car from the Pacific coast arrives in New York. .24 July, New tariff bill passed (new rates take effect 1 Jan. 1871).. Admiral David G. Farragut died, aged 70.... .14 Aug. Strict neutrality in the Franco-Prussian war proclaimed, Aug. Senator Oliver P. Morton accepts the embassy to Great Britain... ..23 Sept. Great loss of life and property through floods in Virginia and Maryland... end of Sept.-2 Oct. Great reduction of the heavy internal taxation begins, 1 Oct. Meeting of the southern convention at Cincinnati for political and commercial affairs.. ....4 Oct. .12 Oct.

Gen. Robert E. Lee dies, aged 62.

President Grant issues a proclamation against Fenianism and attacks on Cuba. .13 Oct. Mr. Morton declines the embassy to Great Britain for ..about 25 Oct. party reasons. The republican majority in congress greatly reduced by the autumn election (the first in which all races are Nov. duly represented). Gen. Cox, secretary of interior, dismissed; quarrel between him and the president.. Nov. Annual message of the president; he regets failure of proposal for annexing St. Domingo; and of the non-settlement of the Alabama claims; and complains of Canadian aggression.. ...5 Dec. Population: 33,581,680 whites; 4,879,323 colored; Indians, 25,733; Chinese, 63, 196; Japanese, 55; total, 38,549,987.

[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors]
[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][subsumed]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

Trial of Edward S. Stokes for murder of James Fisk of the Erie ring (see New York, 1872). United States squadron at Southampton, England, visited by the prince of Wales...

10 June, Dispute with Spain respecting unjust imprisonment of Dr. Howard, an American citizen, in Cuba, since 13 Dec. 1870; settled; Dr. Howard released ..June, General labor strike in New York; 100,000 workmen cease work.. ..June, Great international musical peace jubilee at Boston, 17 June-4 July, Coalition between the democrats and the liberal republicans at Baltimore to support Greeley ...10 July, 15 July,

66

66

[ocr errors]

66

66

.13 Aug.

Judge Barnard convicted of corruption, and removed from office and disqualified...

.19 Aug.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

San Domingo commissioners report to the senate, 4 April, Miners' riots in Scranton, Pa... .7 April, Supreme Court decides the Legal-tender act to be constitutional.. ...1 May, Commission to settle disputes with Great Britain respecting the Alabama, etc., fishery question, and the San Juan affair: for the British the earl de Gray (since marquess of Ripon), sir Stafford Northcote, and others; for the Americans, secretary Fish, gen. Schenck, and others; announced 10 Feb.; meet at Washington, 27 Feb.; sign treaty, agreeing to arbitration at Geneva, etc. (see Alabama and San Juan), 8 May; ratified, 26 May, Gen. Schenck warmly received at Liverpool.....3 June, An American fleet, accompanied by English and French and German ships, arrives at Corea to conclude a treaty for protection of mariners; on attempting to explore the peninsula the Europeans are assailed from masked batteries; the Corean forts are then attacked and destroyed; and negotiations renewed... ..June, Explosion of steamer Westfield at New York; 100 lives lost.. 30 July, Explosion of steamer Ocean Wave at Mobile; 60 lives lost, 27 Aug. Great excitement in New York over the frauds of the Tweed "ring;" committee of 70 appointed, 4 Sept.; great frauds discovered and exposed, Sept.; Tweed arrested, 28 Oct.; Connolly arrested. .25 Nov. Chicago destroyed by fire; great exertions to relieve the sufferers; see Chicago; about 2000 lives lost by fires in N. W. forests.. ....8-11 Oct. Col. Hodge, paymaster of the regular army, confesses great defalcations since 10 Sept. 1864; condemned to long imprisonment.. ..Nov. European and North American railway opened at Bangor, Me., by lord Lisgar and gen. Grant... ..18 Oct. Dispute between the U. S. secretary of state, Hamilton Fish, and the Russian envoy Katakazy (for undue inNov. terference); Katakazy dismissed Grand-duke Alexis of Russia warmly received at New York ...18 Nov.

66

[merged small][ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

66

66

[merged small][ocr errors]

Gen. Grant, in his message, says that the results of the arbitration leave Great Britain and the United States without a shadow upon their friendly relations, 2 Dec. Serious political disturbances in Louisiana, Nov. and Dec. Beginning of the Credit Mobilier scandal in Congress, 19 Dec. 66 Modoc Indians defeat troops sent to expel them, 17 Jan. 1873 Visit of prof. Tyndall; he lectures in Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, New York, etc.....Sept. 1872-Feb. Civil war in Louisiana; fighting at New Orleans.... Feb. The congress opened; great Credit Mobilier scandal, members accused of bribery.. Death of chief-justice Chase.... Gen. Canby and others massacred (see Indians), 11 April; capt. Jack and others captured; end of the war, 1 June, Hiram Powers, sculptor of "the Greek Slave," died at Florence..... .27 June, Steamer Wawasset takes fire on the Potomac; about 70 perish.. .8 Aug.

[merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small]
[ocr errors][ocr errors]

19 Sept. et seq. Great excitement through the execution of Americans taken in the Virginius (see Cuba). .Nov. President Grant's message (calm)... .2 Dec.

46

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

Great deficiency in the revenue (about 17,000,000) announced..

Dec.

Alex. H. Stephens, the great confederate leader, returns to political life and congress...

Dec. 66

[ocr errors]

shops, Feb.; in New York...

Ex-president Fillmore died.

[ocr errors]

Charles Sumner, senator, died.

27 Feb. 1874 .8 March, .11 March,

66

[merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

March, April, President Grant's veto of the currency bill for creating inconvertible paper money, advocated by the Butler party. ..22 April, Fierce white and black riots at Austin, Miss., quelled by the military (after loss of 15 lives). ..12 Aug. Great excitement respecting the Beecher-Tilton scandal; the rev. H. W. Beecher, a great preacher, accused of adultery with Mrs. Tilton, July; acquitted by a committee of his church... .27 Aug. Insurrection of negroes at Trenton, Tennessee; suppressed; leaders hanged.. ..Aug.

[ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors]

18 Dec. ....Jan. 1872 16 Jan.

[ocr errors]

Centenary of the meeting of delegates at Philadelphia celebrated...

.Sept.

Insurrection of whites at New Orleans against W. P. Kellogg, the governor of Louisiana, whom they depose,

[ocr errors][merged small]

15 Sept.; they submit to the president; and Kellogg is restored. .18 Sept. 1874 Great fire at Fall River cotton-mills, Massachusetts; about 60 lives lost.. 19 Sept. Lincoln monument, Springfield, Ill., inaugurated, 15 Oct. Triennial convention of the Episcopal church; canon passed against ritualism.. .27 Oct. Majority for democratic party in elections for congress reported... .4 Nov. 7 Dec.

...Dec.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

President Grant's message, moderate..........
Congress passes a bill for the resumption of cash pay-
ment, 1 Jan. 1879...
Disturbances in New Orleans: government troops eject
conservative members from the legislative assembly
as unduly elected...
.4 Jan. 1875
Senate rejects new reciprocity treaty with Canada. 4 Feb.
Civil rights (of negroes) bill passed..
..Feb.
The 44th congress comes into office, 4 March; (to meet
on 6 Dec.)...

Centenary of battle of Lexington celebrated....19 April,
Centenary of battle of Bunker Hill celebrated. .17 June,
Trial of Tilton v. Beecher ends: jury disagreeing, dis-
charged
.2 July,
.31 July,
Andrew Johnson, ex-president, dies.
Democratic conventions of New York declare in favor
of hard money and resumption of cash payments,
16 Sept.
John McCloskey, Roman Catholic archbishop of New
York, made the first North American cardinal, received
in his church at Rome..
.30 Sept.
President Grant, in addressing the Tennessee army in
Iowa, protests against Roman Catholic aggression,
30 Sept.
Democratic inflationists defeated at elections for governor
in Ohio and Iowa...
..about 12 Oct.
Virginia city destroyed by fire (see Nevada).....26 Oct.
State official elections give large majority for republicans,
about 2 Nov.

President Grant's message; alludes to attacks on, and
defends, unsectarian education; notices unsatisfactory
state of Cuba, and hints at ultimate intervention,

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors]

7 Dec. Centennial year begun with great demonstrations at Philadelphia, etc. .1 Jan. 1876 Gen. Babcock, secretary to president accused of complicity in "whiskey frauds;" resigned... ..24 Feb. Mr. Belknap, secretary of war, accused of selling official places; resigns; impeached by congress.. .2 March, Salary of next president proposed to be reduced from 50,000 to 25,000 dollars.. .March, Increased opposition to Chinese immigration....March, Dana's appointment as British minister rejected by the about 5 April, Lincoln monument, Washington (erected by colored people), unveiled.. ..14 April, Other scandals in government offices reported.... April, The president vetoes the bill for reduction of president's salary .19 April,

senate..

.5 March, 1877 28 May et seq.

inaugurated; in his message he professes impartial devotion to the public good.. Gen. Grant visits Britain... "Molly Maguires," murderous terrorist rioters in Pennsylvanian coal-fields, subdued; several executed,

June, Strike of railway servants on Baltimore and Ohio railway through reduced pay; violent riots in West Virginia; reign of terror; successful resistance to the military; many killed and wounded at Pittsburgh; held by rioters; sheriff killed; cannon used, 16-22 July, Strike extending to New York railways (not in New England). .24 July, Mob (many foreign communists) beaten by military at Chicago (15 killed, about 100 wounded).... .26 July, Gen. Sheridan sent to Pittsburgh, 22 July; damage about 8,000,000l.; tranquillity restored.... .about 4 Aug. President Hayes warmly received in the South....Sept. Formation of a Cuban league on behalf of insurgents, announced.. .Sept.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small]

The new congress opened (democratic majority in the
house of representatives); Samuel J. Randall, democrat,
re-elected speaker.....
....15 Oct.
Many suspicious failures of commercial companies and
others...
..Sept., Oct.
Reduction of the federal army from 25,000 to 20,000,
voted by house of representatives; refused by senate,
Oct., Nov.
Anti-resumption bill passed by house of representatives,
23 Nov.
President Hayes's message; recommends resumption of
cash payments on 1 Jan. 1879; pacification of the
South; good treatment of the negroes... .3 Dec.
Bland's "silver bill," making silver legal-tender money
(injurious to fundholders, etc.), passed by congress;
veto of the president...
..16 Feb. 1878
Committee appointed to investigate charges of corrup-
tion against boards returning delegates to elect the
president....
.June,

Gen. Butler secedes from the republicans, and joins a
new "national party" connected with Kearney, a
violent agitator from California (they are popularly
termed "greenbackers," as contending for soft money,
and opposing return to cash payments)... Aug. et seq.
Desire expressed for a new reciprocity treaty with Can-
ada.
..Aug.
Many deaths by yellow fever (which see) in southern
states....
..Aug., Sept., Oct.
.mostly on 5 Nov.
46th congress elected; 149 democrats, 130 republicans,
10 greenbackers..
Nov.
..18 Dec.

Autumn elections..

[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

Death of Caleb Cushing, U. S. minister at Madrid, aged

about 79..

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]

Issue of silver coin for small notes..
Dispute with Great Britain respecting the extradition
of Winslow, an American forger... March-May,
International exhibition opened (see Philadelphia),

10 May, Political conferences at Philadelphia urge reforms. May, Gov. Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio, nominated for president, and William A. Wheeler for vice-president, by the republican convention, Cincinnati... .16 June, The arrangements for surrendering fugitive criminals in the treaty of 1842 nullified by the release of Winslow and Brent (see Extradition), ...June, Massacre of gen. Custer and his command by Indians under Sitting Bull.. 25 June,

Mr. Tilden nominated for president by the democratic convention, St. Louis... 29 June, Centenary of the foundation of the republic.. .....4 July, Massacre of negro militiamen by whites at Hamburg, S. C., 9 July; 53 whites indicted for murder......Aug. Mr. Belknap's case in the senate; 35 vote him guilty of official corruption; 25 not; acquittal...

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

.11 Jan. ..4 March, southern to the ...March, April,

"

Largest grain crops for many years.. ....autumn,
Elections specially favor republicans..
.......Oct.
Much distress of freed negroes in Kansas, etc.....1 Jan. 1880
The republican convention at Chicago nominate gen.
James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur as president
and vice-president, 9 June; the democratic convention
at Cincinnati nominate gen. Winfield Scott Hancock
and William H. English...
.24 June,
Gen. Garfield sets forth his proposed policy in a letter;
says, "We legislate for the people of the United States,
not for the whole world".
.12 July,
Gen. Garfield elected president; Mr. Arthur vice-presi-
dent (213-156).
2 Nov.
Garfield inaugurated....
..4 March, 1881

Dispute between the president and senator Conkling re-
specting appointment of collector of customs at New
York; Conkling resigns....
...May,
Attempted assassination of president Garfield by Charles
Jules Guiteau, a lawyer of Chicago, at railway station,
Washington; two pistol-shots; ball enters the body,
2 July,

[ocr errors][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

10 Nov.

6 April.

President Grant's message; he declares the electoral system to have failed... ...5 Dec. Election for president by delegates; Mr. Tilden, 184; Mr. Hayes, 185 (some votes challenged).. .6 Dec. End of dispute with the British government announced (see Extradition).............

1797. John Adams. 4 March.

[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

.Dec.

[ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

Brooklyn theatre burned; about 300 lives lost....5 Dec. Electoral tribunal (to settle the election for president) chosen in congress... .30 Jan. 1877 President in his message urges a speedy return to cash payments.. .3 Feb. Rutherford B. Hayes's election confirmed; William A. Wheeler, vice president, 2 March; sworn, 4 March;

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

Universal Suffrage (Plebiscitum), one of the six points of the charter (see Chartists), was adopted by the French in their constitution of 1791, and used in the election of their president in 1851 and of their emperor in 1852, and by the Italian states in voting for annexation to Sardinia in 1860, 1861, 1866, and 1870.

Universalists, who believe in the final salvation of all men. This doctrine, declared in the Talmud, and ascribed to Origen about 230, was advocated by other early fathers, but opposed by St. Augustine, about 420; and condemned by the 5th general council at Constantinople, May, June, 553. It was received by the Unitarians in the seventeenth century, and avowed by numerous clergymen of the Church of England. James Relly, who published his "Union" in 1760, founded the sect of Universalists in Britain; and John Murray, in America, about 1770. The sect barely exists in Britain,

but flourishes in America.

[blocks in formation]

Cambridge and Orford. The Universities act, passed 10 Aug. 1877, appoints commissioners with power to make statutes and other provisions.

University Boat-race. The contest between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, at first near Oxford, afterwards on the river Thames, began 10 June, 1829, and has been annual since 1856. In 1864, after 20 contests, the opposing parties were equal; but on 8 April, 1865, 24 March, 1866, 13 April, 1867, 4 April, 1868, and 17 March, 1869, Oxford won, the last time being the 9th in succession. Cambridge won, 6 April, 1870, 1 April, 1871, 23 March, 1872, 29 March, 1873, and 28 March, 1874. Oxford won, 20 March, 1875; Cambridge won, 8 April, 1876. Dead heat, neither won, 24 March, 1877; Oxford won, 13 April, 1878; Cambridge won, 5 April, 1879; Oxford won on Monday, 22 March, 1880, and Friday, 8 April, 1881. In the international boat-race between the universities of Oxford and Harvard, Massachusetts, U. S., Oxford won, 27 Aug. 1869.

University College (London), see London University and Oxford.

Vict. c. 85, passed 15 Aug. 1879. It provides for the University Education Act (Ireland), 42 & 43 dissolution of the "Queen's University" and the foundation of the "Royal University of Ireland," the charter of which was signed by the queen, 19 April, 1880.

University Elections, see Dodson's Act.

University Teaching, society for its extension. formed in London, and supported by Cambridge, Oxford, and London universities; great meeting for its support at the Mansion house, 19 Feb. 1879. Courses of lectures given in various parts of London, Oct. 1879. University Tests (Religious). A bill for their

[blocks in formation]

Aberdeen founded. Abo, Finland... Adelaide, Australia.

1592

1228

1368 Palenza, 1209; removed to Sala

Angers, chiefly law..

Andrews, St., Scotland.

Anjou, 1349; enlarged..
Athens.

Barcelona, revived
Basle, Switzerland.
Berlin...

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

1638 Perugia, Italy.

1307

[blocks in formation]

1386 Petersburg, St., 1747; again..

1819

Bologna, Italy.

[blocks in formation]

1575 Pisa, 1343; enlarged..

1552

Bonn..

1784, 1818

Ingolstadt, Bavaria..

1573

Poitiers..

1431

Bordeaux.

1472

Irish, new.

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

Jena, or Sala, Thuringia.

1547

Queen's University (Ireland).

1850

[blocks in formation]

1665

Rheims, 1145; enlarged..

1548

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

1816 Saragossa, Aragon..

1474

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

Lisbon, 1290; removed to

[blocks in formation]

Cologne, in Germany, refounded... 1385

bra..

[blocks in formation]

Compostella, Spain.

1517

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

Cordova, Spain.

968 Lyons, France.

.830, 1300

Sydney, N.S. W.

1852

[blocks in formation]

1836

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

(For leading American universities, see Colleges in the United States.)

Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. | abolition was rejected by the lords, 19 July, 1869, and Royal commission appointed to inquire into their income and property, in 1872; reported in Oct. 1874 that the united income for 1871 was 754,405l. 5s. 1d.; see

14 July, 1870; passed, and received royal assent, 16 June, 1871. A similar act for Trinity College, Dublin, was passed in May, 1873. In April, 1878, on trial it was

« PreviousContinue »