ing their children's birth deemed guilty of murder, 21 James I., 1624. In Scotland bastard children could not dispose of their movable estates by will until 1836. A new act, facilitating the claims of mothers and making several provisions for proceeding in bastardy cases, was passed 1845. The Bastardy Laws Amendment Act was passed 10 Aug. 1872. In the United States bastardy is a subject dealt with by the several states acting independently. In most of them the bastard inherits only through the mother, and there are statutes for compelling the father of a bastard to provide for its support during minority. Bastarnæ, a warlike tribe in Podolia and Moldavia, hired by Perseus, king of Macedon, in his wars with Rome, B.C. 168; driven across the Danube by M. Crassus for their encroachments, 30. Bastille (Paris), a castle built by Charles V., king of France, in 1369, for the defence of Paris against the English; completed in 1383, and afterwards used as a state-prison. Henry IV. and his veteran army assailed it in vain in the siege of Paris, during the war (1587-94). "The man with the iron mask," the most mysterious prisoner known, died here, 19 Nov. 1703; see Iron Mask. On 14-15 July, 1789, the Bastille was pulled down by the populace; the governor and other officers were conducted to the Place de Grève; their hands and heads were cut off, and the heads carried on pikes through the streets. Basuto Land, near Orange River, S. Africa, including the Transkei territory, was annexed to Cape Colony in 1871. Population-whites, 378; natives, 127,223. Moiroso, a warlike chief, intrenches himself on a mountain and makes predatory sallies, Feb. et seq.; his stronghold captured and himself killed during the fight... .20 Nov. 1879 The Basutos ordered to give up their arms; many resist; Letsi, Molappo, and others who surrender attacked by Masupha, Lerothodi, and others, June, July; who make war on the colonist forces.. .13 Sept. 1880 Lerothodi defeated in attack on Mafeteng by col. Carrington.. .21 Sept. Mafeteng, besieged, relieved by col. Clarke, after a severe conflict. ....19 Oct. Lerothodi's village stormed and his forces dispersed, 22 Oct. Umhlonhlo totally defeated by Baker.. Victories of col. Carrington.. Moletsane's stronghold stormed by col. Clarke....31 Oct. Mr. Hope, magistrate, and others treacherously murdered by Umhlonhlo, Oct.; who is defeated by Mr. Hawthorn; announced.. .12 Nov. ..21 Dec. .about 10, 14 Jan. 1881 18-24 Feb. .26 March, 66 ........about 16 April, ..May, Armistice granted.. Hostilities resumed; indecisive; col. Carrington wounded.. Basutos severely defeated.. Peace concluded. 66 | 1863 et seq. ...14 Sept. 1864 ..20 Jan. 1867 Restoration of the abbey by sir G. G. Scott.. British association met here.. Museum destroyed by fire.. Bath and West of England Society centenary celebrated, 4 June; Fall of Widcombe bridge, two persons killed and many injured.... .6 June, 1877 Bath and Wells, BISHOPRIC OF. The see of Wells, whose cathedral church was built by Ina, king of the West Saxons, in 704, was established in 905, Adelme first bishop. John de Villula, bishop, transferred his seat from Wells to Bath in 1091.-Tanner. Disputes between the monks of Bath and the canons of Wells about the election of a bishop were compromised in 1135. Henceforward the bishop was to be styled from both places; the precedency to be given to Bath. The see is valued in the king's books at 531l. 1s. 3d. per annum. Present income, 50001. Recent Bishops. 1802. Richard Beadon, died. 1824. George Henry Law, died. 1845. Richard Bagot, died.. .21 April, 1824 ....22 Sept. 1845 .5 May, 1854 66 1854. Robert John, baron Auckland, resigned....6 Sept. 1869 1869. Lord Arthur Charles Hervey, elected......10 Nov. Bath Administration. Mr. Pelham and his friends having tendered their resignation to king George II., 10 Feb. 1746, the formation of a new minThis expired on 12 Feb., while yet incomplete, and reistry was undertaken by William Pulteney, earl of Bath. ceived the name of the "Short-lived" administration. The members of it were: the earl of Bath, first lord of the treasury; lord Carlisle, lord privy seal; lord Winchilsea, first lord of the admiralty; and lord Granville, one of the secretaries of state, with the seals of the other in his pocket, "to be given to whom he might choose." Mr. Pelham and his colleagues returned to power. Bath, ORDER OF THE, said to be of early origin, but formally constituted 11 Oct. 1399, by Henry IV., two days previous to his coronation in the Tower, when he conferred the order upon forty-six esquires, who had watched the night before and bathed. After the coronation of Charles II., the order was neglected until 18 May, 1725, when it was revived by George I., who fixed the number of knights at 37. The prince-regent (afterwards George IV.) created classes of knights grand crosses (72), knights commanders (180), with an unlimited number of companions. 2 Jan. 1815 By an order, the existing statutes of this order were annulled; and by new statutes, the order, hitherto exclusively military, was opened to civilians....25 May, 1847 Dr. Lyon Playfair and other promoters of the Great Exhibition received this honor.. CONSTITUTION. 1851 1st Class. Knights grand cross.. 2d Class. Knights commanders.. 3d Class. Companions. Batalha (Portugal). The monastery here was built by John I. of Portugal, as a token of gratitude for his victory over John I. of Castile, at Aljubarrota, 14 Aug. 1385, securing the independence of his kingdom. The restoration of the monastery began in 1839. Batavia, the capital of Java and of all the Dutch settlements in the East Indies, built by that people about 1619. Taken from the French (who had seized it) by sir Samuel Auchmuty, 26 Aug. 1811; restored to the Dutch in 1814. Batavia AND BATAVIAN REPUBLIC, see Holland. Bath (Somerset), named “Aquæ solis" by the Romans, being remarkable for its hot springs. Coel, a British king, is said to have given this city a charter, and the Saxon king Edgar was crowned here, 973. Bath plundered and burned in the reign of William Rufus, and again in... Pecrless (Perilous) Pool, Baldwin street, City road, men tioned by Stow (died 1605), enclosed as a bathing place 1743 make proof thereby of his guilt or innocence; sce Ap Turkish sweating-baths became popular... The Oriental baths in Victoria street, Westminster, completed... PUBLIC BATHS AND WASH-HOUSES. The first established by Mr. Bowie in the neighborhood 1860 1862 1844 แ 1846 .Sept. 1854 Acts passed to encourage the establishment of public Bathybius Haeckelii (Greek, Balvç, deep; ẞios, life), the name given by Huxley to a supposed low form of animal life, a gelatinous substance found on stones at the bottom of the sea, in Deep-sea Soundings (which see). Its existence doubted by many naturalists, 1879. Baton, a truncheon borne by generals in the French army, and afterwards by the marshals of other nations. Henry III. of France, before he ascended the throne, was made generalissimo of the army of his brother Charles IX., and received the bâton as the mark of the high command, 1569.-Henault. The baton used by conductors of concerts is said to have been introduced into England by Spohr in 1820. Baton Rouge, BATTLE OF, fought 5 Aug. 1862. The town, held by United States forces under gen. Thomas Williams, was attacked by Confederates under gen. Breckinridge. A severe engagement followed, in which the Confederates were repulsed. The Confederate iron-clad gunboat Arkansas, which was intended to engage the United States naval force in the river, proved useless, and the next day she was attacked and destroyed. Batoum, or BATUM, a seaport in Lazistan, on the Black Sea. After having repulsed the Russians in the war, 4 May, 1877, the place was ceded to Russia by the treaty of Berlin, 13 July, 1878, to become a free commercial port. The inhabitants at first resisted, but were persuaded to submit; many emigrating, July-Sept. The Russians entered, 6 Sept. 1878. Batteries along the coasts were constructed by Henry VIII. (who reigned 1509-47). The ten floatingbatteries with which Gibraltar was attacked, in the siege of that fortress, were invented by D'Arcon, a French engineer. They resisted the heavy shells and 32-pound shot, but ultimately yielded to red-hot shot, 13 Sept. 1782; see Gibraltar. Formidable floating-batteries are now erected; see Navy. Battering-ram (Testudo Arietaria), with other military implements, said to have been invented by Artemon, a Lacedæmonian, and employed by Pericles, about 441 B.C. Sir Christopher Wren employed a battering-ram in demolishing the walls of old St. Paul's cathedral, 1675. Battersea Park; an act of parliament passed in 1846 empowered her majesty's commissioners of woods to form a royal park in Battersea Fields. Acts to enlarge their powers were passed in 1848, 1851, and 1853. The park and the new bridge connecting it with Chelsea were opened in April, 1858; the bridge freed from toll, 24 May, 1879. Battersea Training College, founded 1840. Battle, TRIAL BY, or WAGER OF, a trial by combat formerly allowed by our laws, where the defendant in an appeal of murder might fight with the appellant, and peal. Battle-abbey, Sussex, founded by William I., 1067, on the plain where the battle of Hastings was fought, 14 Oct. 1066. It was dedicated to St. Martin, and given to Benedictine monks, who were to pray for the souls of the slain. The original name of the plain was Hetheland; see Hastings. After the battle of Hastings, a list was taken of William's chiefs, amounting to 629, and called the BATTLE-ROLL; and among these chiefs the lands and titles of the followers of the defeated Harold were distributed. Battle-axe, a weapon of the Celts. The Irish were constantly armed with an axe.-Burns. At the battle of Bannockburn, king Robert Bruce clove an English champion down to the chine at one blow with a battleaxe, 1314. The battle-axe guards, or beaufetiers, vullance, were first raised by Henry VII. in 1485. They garly called beef-eaters, and whose arms are a sword and were originally attendants upon the king's buffet; see Yeoman of the Guard. Battlefield, BATTLE OF, see Shrewsbury. the first who ranged an army in a regular line of battle, his "Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World:" Tours......... 1245 1193 1184 1143 941 669 .584 or 585 Halys (Medes and Lydians stopped by eclipse).. Haliartus (Lysander killed). Coronea (Argesilaus defeats Athenians and allies). 381 379 376 or 377 375 371 367 364 362 358 339 Naxus (Chabrias defeats Lacedæmonians).. Crimisus (Timoleon defeats Carthaginians).. Fossalta (Ghibellines defeated).. .23 May, 1249 | Garigliano (Gonsalvo defeats French).. Cambuskenneth (Wallace defeats English). .23 Aug. 1268 .27 April, 1296 .11 July, 1302 .March, 1311 24 June, 1314 .15 Nov. 1315 ...10 Aug. 1316 Courtray (Flemings defeat count of Artois). defeated)...5 Oct. 1318 Auberoche (earl of Derby defeats French). Assens (Christian III. defeats Danish rebels). Ket's rebellion suppressed by Warwick.. .9 Sept. .13-15 Sept. 1515 ...29 April, 1522 24 Feb. 1525 ..15 May, 66 .29 Aug. 1526 .11 Oct. 1531 ..13 May, 1534 1535 12 July, 1537 ..25 Nov. 1542 .14 April, 1544 .24 April, 1547 .10 Sept. ..Aug. 1549 ..3 Aug. 1554 St. Quentin (Spanish and English defeat French). 10 Aug. 1557 .7 Jan. 1558 ..19 Dec. 1562 Gravelines, n. (Spanish and English deft. French). 13 July, ..11 Aug. 1332 ..19 July, 1333 .28 or 30 Oct. 1340 .19 Aug. 1344 St. Denis (ditto) .26 Aug. 1346 La Roche Darien (Charles of Blois defeated).. Cocherel (Du Guesclin defeats Navarre) Najara (Navarrete, Logroño) (Black Prince Montiel (Peter of Castile defeated). Aljubarrota (Portuguese defeat Spaniards) 1347 ..19 Sept. 1356 ...16 May, 1364 ...29 Sept. 66 Langside (ditto) Jarnac (Huguenots defeated). Lepanto, n. (Don John defeats Turks). .15 June, 1567 ...10 Nov. .13 May, 1568 .13 March, 1569 .3 Oct. .7 Oct. 1571 .10 Oct. 1575 ...4 Aug. 1578 ..24 June, 1580 Zutphen (Dutch and English defeat Spaniards)..22 Sept. 1586 defeats Henry .3 April, 1367 .14 March, 1369 Coutras (Henry IV. defeats League).. .27 Nov. 1382 Spanish Armada defeated, n.. 14 Aug. 1385 Arques (Henry IV. defeats League).. .9 July, 1386 Ivry, or Yvres (ditto). .....10 Aug. 1388 I. killed), Cossova (Turks defeat Albanians, and Amurath Nicopolis (Turks defeat Christians). Sept. 1389 .28 Sept. 1396 Epernay taken by Henry IV. of France.. .20 Qet. 1587 ..July, Aug. 1588 ..14 March, 1590 Fontaine Française (Henry IV. beats Spaniards).5 June, 1595 21 Sept. 1589 26 July, 1592 14 Aug. 1598 1600 1601 Nesbit (Scots defeated). 1605 Ancyra (Timour defeats Bajazel) 1607 Homeldon Hill (English defeat Scots) Shrewsbury (Percies, etc., defeated) Bramham Moor (Henry IV. defeats rebels).. ..19 Feb. 1408 Prague (king of Bohemia defeated) ...8 Nov. 1620 .25 April, 1626 .28 Oct. 1628 Tannenberg (Poles defeat Teuton knights) .15 July, 1410 .24 July, 1411 25 Oct. 1415 Harlaw (Lord of the Isles defeated).. Patay (English defeated by Joan of Arc). .23 July, 1403 .14 July, 1420 .22 March, 1421 ..11 June, 1423 .2 June, 1424 ...17 Aug. 66 29 April, 24 Dec. 1443 ...17 Oct 1448 66 Formigni (English defeated by French).. War of the ROSES-YORKISTS AND LANCASTRIANS. St. Albans (Yorkists victorious).. .23 Sept. 1459 ...10 July, 1460 .31 Dec. "6 2 Feb. 1461 17 Feb. 29 March, 15 May, 1464 22 or 23 May, 1455 Northampton (ditto, Henry VI. taken). . Wakefield (Lancastrians victors).. Mortimer's Cross (Yorkists victorious). St. Albans (Lancastrians victors).. Towton (Yorkists victorious) Hexham (Yorkists victors).. Edgecote, or Banbury (Yorkists defeated). .26 July, 1469 Stamford (Lancastrians defeated).. 13 March, 1470 Barnet (ditto)... Tewkesbury (ditto).. 14 April, 1471 ...4 May, ..4 Sept. 1456 ..3 March, 1476 .22 June, ...5 Jan. 1477 22 Aug. 1485 .16 June, 1487 28 July, 1488 Sauchieburn, near Bannockburn (James III. defeated by Fornovo (French defeat Italians).. ..6 July, 1495 .22 June, 1497 ..21 April, 1503 .28 April, CIVIL WAR IN ENGLAND. Worcester prince Rupert victor).. Devizes, or Roundway-down (ditto). Naseby (Charles I. totally defeated).. Philiphaugh (Covenanters defeat Montrose). Dungan Hill (Irish defeated).. Preston (Cromwell victor) Rathmines (Irish Royalists defeated). Corbiesdale (Montrose defeated). Worcester (Cromwell defeats Charles II.). Daventry (Lambert defeated by Monk) ..27 Aug. 1634 ..10 Aug. 1640 ..23 Oct. 1642 .19 May, 1643 ..3-5 Aug. 1644 1645 .21 April, 1660 1654 .14 June, 1658 .8 June, 1663 ..1 Aug. 1664 1665 28 Nov. 1666 ..6 Sept. 1669 Mohacz (Turks defeated).. Killiecrankie (Highlanders defeat Mackay). 12 Aug. 1687 66 .1 July, 1690 Torgau (Frederick defeats Austrians). Schweidnitz (Frederick II. defeats Austrians)...16 May, 1762 Buxar (Munro defeats army of Oude). ..30 Aug. 23 Oct. 1764 ..Nov. Choczim (Russians defeat Turks)...30 April and 13 July, 1769 ..1 July, 66 .30 June, 1691 .12 July, Turks)....19 Aug. 46 ..19 July, 1693 .11 Sept. 1697 30 Nov. 1700 Bunker Hill.. ..9 July, 1701 Aughrim (James II.'s cause ruined). .1 Sept. " .20 July, 1702 .14 Oct. ...1 May, 1703 Lexington (first skirmish).. .28 Sept. 1770 ...19 June, 1773 1774 AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR. Concord (first British blood shed). Montreal (taken by Montgomery). Moore's Creek Bridge. Boston (evacuated by British). Brooklyn, Long Island. .31 Dec. 66 .20 Sept. 46 .2 July, 1704 .16 Sept. .24 July, 66 White Plains. 18 July, 1705 Fort Washington (captured by the British).. Trenton... 66 Princeton Hubbardton. 23 May, 1706 Bennington Heights. .7 Sept. 66 Almanza (French defeat Allies).....14 (0. s.) or 25 April, 1707 Oudenarde (Marlborough victor). Liesna. Lenzo (Russians defeat Swedes). Pultowa (Peter defeats Charles XII.). Malplaquet (Marlborough victor).. Almenara (Austrians defeat French). Dobro (Russians defeat Swedes).. .11 July, 1708 ..Dec. 66 ..8 July, 1709 .11 Sept. LL .20 Sept. .28 July, 1710 ..20 Aug. ..10 Dec. 66 ....5 Aug. 1711 12, 13 Nov. 1715 ..13 Nov. Brandywine.. Paoli... Philadelphia captured by British. Germantown.. 66 Stony Point. .16 July, .5 Aug. 1716 Paulus's Hook. 19 Aug. 16 Aug. 1717 .27 May, 1734 Bonhomme Richard and Serapis, n.......... ..23 Sept. 66 .29 June, .22 July, 1739 ..10 April, 1741 .16 June, 1743 ..30 April, 1745 .....4 June, Dettingen (George II. defeats French). SCOTS' REBELLION. Preston Pans (rebels defeat Cope)... St. Lazaro (Sardinians defeat French). Fort du Quesne (Braddock killed). 66 Charleston (surrender to British). Rocky Mount.. Hanging Rock.. Sanders's Creek, near Camden.. Fish Dam Ford, Broad River.. Cowpens. Cowan's Ford.. Haw (total defeat of the loyalists). Hobkirk's Hill Ninety-six (besieged). Augusta (besieged).. Jamestown.. New London (taken by Benedict Arnold). Yorktown (Cornwallis surrendered). Blue Licks (Indians)... ..9 Oct. 66 12 May, 1780 .29 May, 30 June, .7 Aug. ..16 Aug. ...7 Oct. .12 Nov. 66 .25 Feb. 66 15 March, 25 April, May and June, 64 66 . May and June, 6* [Other but inferior actions took place with Arcot (Hyder defeats British) Porto Novo (Coote defeats Hyder)... Bedmore (taken by Tippoo Sahib).. Arikera (Tippoo defeated).. .9 July, 66 ..5 Sept. ..5 Sept. ...8 Sept. 66 ...19 Oct. 68 19 Aug. 1782 varying success to |