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ing their children's birth deemed guilty of murder, 21 James I., 1624. In Scotland bastard children could not dispose of their movable estates by will until 1836. A new act, facilitating the claims of mothers and making several provisions for proceeding in bastardy cases, was passed 1845. The Bastardy Laws Amendment Act was passed 10 Aug. 1872. In the United States bastardy is a subject dealt with by the several states acting independently. In most of them the bastard inherits only through the mother, and there are statutes for compelling the father of a bastard to provide for its support during minority.

Bastarnæ, a warlike tribe in Podolia and Moldavia, hired by Perseus, king of Macedon, in his wars with Rome, B.C. 168; driven across the Danube by M. Crassus for their encroachments, 30.

Bastille (Paris), a castle built by Charles V., king of France, in 1369, for the defence of Paris against the English; completed in 1383, and afterwards used as a state-prison. Henry IV. and his veteran army assailed it in vain in the siege of Paris, during the war (1587-94). "The man with the iron mask," the most mysterious prisoner known, died here, 19 Nov. 1703; see Iron Mask. On 14-15 July, 1789, the Bastille was pulled down by the populace; the governor and other officers were conducted to the Place de Grève; their hands and heads were cut off, and the heads carried on pikes through the streets.

Basuto Land, near Orange River, S. Africa, including the Transkei territory, was annexed to Cape Colony in 1871. Population-whites, 378; natives, 127,223.

Moiroso, a warlike chief, intrenches himself on a mountain and makes predatory sallies, Feb. et seq.; his stronghold captured and himself killed during the fight... .20 Nov. 1879

The Basutos ordered to give up their arms; many resist; Letsi, Molappo, and others who surrender attacked by Masupha, Lerothodi, and others, June, July; who make war on the colonist forces.. .13 Sept. 1880 Lerothodi defeated in attack on Mafeteng by col. Carrington.. .21 Sept. Mafeteng, besieged, relieved by col. Clarke, after a severe conflict. ....19 Oct. Lerothodi's village stormed and his forces dispersed, 22 Oct.

Umhlonhlo totally defeated by Baker.. Victories of col. Carrington..

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Moletsane's stronghold stormed by col. Clarke....31 Oct. Mr. Hope, magistrate, and others treacherously murdered by Umhlonhlo, Oct.; who is defeated by Mr. Hawthorn; announced.. .12 Nov. ..21 Dec. .about 10, 14 Jan. 1881 18-24 Feb. .26 March, 66 ........about 16 April, ..May,

Armistice granted..

Hostilities resumed; indecisive; col. Carrington wounded..

Basutos severely defeated.. Peace concluded.

66

|

1863 et seq. ...14 Sept. 1864 ..20 Jan. 1867

Restoration of the abbey by sir G. G. Scott.. British association met here.. Museum destroyed by fire.. Bath and West of England Society centenary celebrated, 4 June; Fall of Widcombe bridge, two persons killed and many injured.... .6 June, 1877

Bath and Wells, BISHOPRIC OF. The see of Wells, whose cathedral church was built by Ina, king of the West Saxons, in 704, was established in 905, Adelme first bishop. John de Villula, bishop, transferred his seat from Wells to Bath in 1091.-Tanner. Disputes between the monks of Bath and the canons of Wells about the election of a bishop were compromised in 1135. Henceforward the bishop was to be styled from both places; the precedency to be given to Bath. The see is valued in the king's books at 531l. 1s. 3d. per annum. Present income, 50001.

Recent Bishops.

1802. Richard Beadon, died. 1824. George Henry Law, died. 1845. Richard Bagot, died..

.21 April, 1824 ....22 Sept. 1845 .5 May, 1854

66

1854. Robert John, baron Auckland, resigned....6 Sept. 1869 1869. Lord Arthur Charles Hervey, elected......10 Nov. Bath Administration. Mr. Pelham and his

friends having tendered their resignation to king George II., 10 Feb. 1746, the formation of a new minThis expired on 12 Feb., while yet incomplete, and reistry was undertaken by William Pulteney, earl of Bath. ceived the name of the "Short-lived" administration. The members of it were: the earl of Bath, first lord of the treasury; lord Carlisle, lord privy seal; lord Winchilsea, first lord of the admiralty; and lord Granville, one of the secretaries of state, with the seals of the other in his pocket, "to be given to whom he might choose." Mr. Pelham and his colleagues returned to power.

Bath, ORDER OF THE, said to be of early origin, but formally constituted 11 Oct. 1399, by Henry IV., two days previous to his coronation in the Tower, when he conferred the order upon forty-six esquires, who had watched the night before and bathed. After the coronation of Charles II., the order was neglected until 18 May, 1725, when it was revived by George I., who fixed the number of knights at 37.

The prince-regent (afterwards George IV.) created classes of knights grand crosses (72), knights commanders (180), with an unlimited number of companions. 2 Jan. 1815 By an order, the existing statutes of this order were annulled; and by new statutes, the order, hitherto exclusively military, was opened to civilians....25 May, 1847 Dr. Lyon Playfair and other promoters of the Great Exhibition received this honor..

CONSTITUTION.

1851

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1st Class. Knights grand cross.. 2d Class. Knights commanders.. 3d Class. Companions.

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Batalha (Portugal). The monastery here was built by John I. of Portugal, as a token of gratitude for his victory over John I. of Castile, at Aljubarrota, 14 Aug. 1385, securing the independence of his kingdom. The restoration of the monastery began in 1839.

Batavia, the capital of Java and of all the Dutch settlements in the East Indies, built by that people about 1619. Taken from the French (who had seized it) by sir Samuel Auchmuty, 26 Aug. 1811; restored to the Dutch in 1814.

Batavia AND BATAVIAN REPUBLIC, see Holland.

Bath (Somerset), named “Aquæ solis" by the Romans, being remarkable for its hot springs. Coel, a British king, is said to have given this city a charter, and the Saxon king Edgar was crowned here, 973.

Bath plundered and burned in the reign of William Rufus, and again in...

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Pecrless (Perilous) Pool, Baldwin street, City road, men

tioned by Stow (died 1605), enclosed as a bathing place 1743 make proof thereby of his guilt or innocence; sce Ap

Turkish sweating-baths became popular...

The Oriental baths in Victoria street, Westminster, completed...

PUBLIC BATHS AND WASH-HOUSES.

The first established by Mr. Bowie in the neighborhood
of the London docks.
The public baths and wash-houses in Liverpool founded
(through the instrumentality of Catherine Wilkinson,
who in 1832 began to lend her room and appliances to
poor people for washing)...

1860

1862

1844

1846

.Sept. 1854

Acts passed to encourage the establishment of public
baths and wash-houses, "for the health, comfort, and
welfare of the inhabitants of populous towns and dis-
tricts" in England and Ireland...
537,345 bathers availed themselves of the baths in Lon-
don, and in this period there were 85,260 washers in
the quarter ending..
Public baths and wash-houses have since been establish-
ed throughout the empire.
Baths and Wash-houses Act authorizes establishment of
cheap swimming-baths, etc..
Free swimming-baths were opened in New York.. 1868 et seq.
27 May, 1878
(See Laundry.)

Bathybius Haeckelii (Greek, Balvç, deep; ẞios, life), the name given by Huxley to a supposed low form of animal life, a gelatinous substance found on stones at the bottom of the sea, in Deep-sea Soundings (which see).

Its existence doubted by many naturalists, 1879.

Baton, a truncheon borne by generals in the French army, and afterwards by the marshals of other nations. Henry III. of France, before he ascended the throne, was made generalissimo of the army of his brother Charles IX., and received the bâton as the mark of the high command, 1569.-Henault. The baton used by conductors of concerts is said to have been introduced into England by Spohr in 1820.

Baton Rouge, BATTLE OF, fought 5 Aug. 1862. The town, held by United States forces under gen. Thomas Williams, was attacked by Confederates under gen. Breckinridge. A severe engagement followed, in which the Confederates were repulsed. The Confederate iron-clad gunboat Arkansas, which was intended to engage the United States naval force in the river, proved useless, and the next day she was attacked and destroyed.

Batoum, or BATUM, a seaport in Lazistan, on the Black Sea. After having repulsed the Russians in the war, 4 May, 1877, the place was ceded to Russia by the treaty of Berlin, 13 July, 1878, to become a free commercial port.

The inhabitants at first resisted, but were persuaded to submit; many emigrating, July-Sept. The Russians entered, 6 Sept. 1878.

Batteries along the coasts were constructed by Henry VIII. (who reigned 1509-47). The ten floatingbatteries with which Gibraltar was attacked, in the siege of that fortress, were invented by D'Arcon, a French engineer. They resisted the heavy shells and 32-pound shot, but ultimately yielded to red-hot shot, 13 Sept. 1782; see Gibraltar. Formidable floating-batteries are now erected; see Navy.

Battering-ram (Testudo Arietaria), with other military implements, said to have been invented by Artemon, a Lacedæmonian, and employed by Pericles, about 441 B.C. Sir Christopher Wren employed a battering-ram in demolishing the walls of old St. Paul's cathedral, 1675.

Battersea Park; an act of parliament passed in 1846 empowered her majesty's commissioners of woods to form a royal park in Battersea Fields. Acts to enlarge their powers were passed in 1848, 1851, and 1853. The park and the new bridge connecting it with Chelsea were opened in April, 1858; the bridge freed from toll, 24 May, 1879.

Battersea Training College, founded 1840. Battle, TRIAL BY, or WAGER OF, a trial by combat formerly allowed by our laws, where the defendant in an appeal of murder might fight with the appellant, and

peal.

Battle-abbey, Sussex, founded by William I., 1067, on the plain where the battle of Hastings was fought, 14 Oct. 1066. It was dedicated to St. Martin, and given to Benedictine monks, who were to pray for the souls of the slain. The original name of the plain was Hetheland; see Hastings. After the battle of Hastings, a list was taken of William's chiefs, amounting to 629, and called the BATTLE-ROLL; and among these chiefs the lands and titles of the followers of the defeated Harold were distributed.

Battle-axe, a weapon of the Celts. The Irish were constantly armed with an axe.-Burns. At the battle of Bannockburn, king Robert Bruce clove an English champion down to the chine at one blow with a battleaxe, 1314. The battle-axe guards, or beaufetiers, vullance, were first raised by Henry VII. in 1485. They garly called beef-eaters, and whose arms are a sword and were originally attendants upon the king's buffet; see Yeoman of the Guard.

Battlefield, BATTLE OF, see Shrewsbury.

the first who ranged an army in a regular line of battle,
Battles. Palamedes of Argos is said to have been
placed sentinels round a camp, and excited the soldier's
vigilance by giving him a watchword; see Naval Bat-
tles, British. The following are the most memorable
battles, arranged in chronological order; further details
of the greater part are given in separate articles; n. sig-
nifies naval:

his "Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World:"
The following are the battles described by prof. Creasy in

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Tours.........
Abraham defeats kings of Canaan (Gen. xiv.)........B.C. 1913
Joshua subdues five kings of Canaan (Josh. x.)......... 1451
Gideon defeats the Midianites (Judg. vii.)...
Trojan war commenced..
Troy taken and destroyed.
Jephthah defeats Ammonites..
Horatii vanquish Curiatii..
Ethiopians defeated by Asa (2 Chron. xiv.).

1245

1193

1184

1143

941

669

.584 or 585

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Halys (Medes and Lydians stopped by eclipse)..
Thymbra (Cyrus defeats Cræsus).
Lake Regillus (Romans defeat Latins).
Marathon (Greeks defeat Persians)..
Thermopyla (heroism of Leonidas)..
Salamis, n. (Greeks defeat Persians).
Mycale (Greeks defeat Persians).
Himera (Gelon defeats Carthaginians)..
Platea (Greeks defeat Pausanias).
Eurymedon, n. (Greeks defeat Cimon).
Tanagra (Spartans defeat Athenians)..
Coronea (Baotians defeat Athenians)..
Enophyta (Athenians defeat Baotians).
Romans totally defeat Veientes..
Tanagra (Athenians defeat Spartans).
Delium (Baotians defeat Athenians).
Amphipolis (Spartans repulse Athenians: Cleon and
Brasidas killed)..
Athenians defeated before Syracuse.
Mantinea (Spartans defeat Athenians)..
Cyzicus, n. (Alcibiades defeats Spartans)
Arginus, n. (Conon defeats Spartan fleet).
Egospotamos, n. (Athenian fleet destroyed)..
Cunaxa (Cyrus defeated and killed by Artaxerxes).
Corinthian war..

Haliartus (Lysander killed).

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Coronea (Argesilaus defeats Athenians and allies).
Cnidus, n. (Conon defeats Spartans)..
Allia (Brennus and the Gauls defeat Romans)....16 July, 390
Volsci defeated by Camillus..
Volsci defeat the Romans....

381

379

376 or 377

375

371

367

364

362

358

339

Naxus (Chabrias defeats Lacedæmonians)..
Tegyra (Thebans defeat Spartans)..
Leuctra (Thebans defeat Spartans).
"Tearless Victory" of Archidamus over Argives, etc...
Camillus defeats the Gauls...
Cynoscephala (Thebans defeat Thessalians)..
Tamyna (Eschines there)...
Mantinea (Thebans victors: Epaminondas slain)..

Crimisus (Timoleon defeats Carthaginians)..

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Fossalta (Ghibellines defeated)..
Mansourah (Louis IX. and Crusaders defeated).
Largs (Scots defeat Northmen)..
Lewes (English barons victorious).
Evesham (Barons defeated; De Montfort
Benevento (Charles of Anjou defeats Manfred)...26 Feb. 1266
Tagliacozzo (Charles defeats Conradin)..
Marchfeld (Austrians defeat Bohemians).
Aber Edw (Llewellyn of Wales defeated)
Zagrab (defeat of Charles Martel)..
Dunbar (Scots defeated).

.23 May, 1249 | Garigliano (Gonsalvo defeats French)..
1250 Agnadello (French defeat Venetians)..
3 Oct. 1263 Ravenna (Gaston de Foix, victor, killed).
..14 May, 1264 Novara (Papal Swiss defeat French)..
killed)..4 Aug. 1265 Guinegate (Spurs) (French defeated)
Flodden (English defeat Scots)..
Marignano (French defeat Swiss).
Bicocca, near Milan (Lautrec defeated).
Pavia (Francis I. defeated).
Frankenhausen (Anabaptists defeated).
Mohacz (Turks defeat Hungarians).
Cappel (Zwinglius slain)..
Lauffen (Hessians defeat Austrians)

Cambuskenneth (Wallace defeats English).
Goelheim (Adolphus of Nassau defeated)
Falkirk (Wallace defeated)....

.23 Aug. 1268
.26 Aug. 1278
.11 Dec. 1282
1292

.27 April, 1296
.10 Sept. 1297
.2 July, 1298
.22 July,

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.11 July, 1302
.24 Feb. 1303

.March, 1311

24 June, 1314

.15 Nov. 1315

...10 Aug. 1316

Courtray (Flemings defeat count of Artois).
Roslin, Scotland (Comyn defeats English)..
Cephisus (Brienne, duke of Athens, defeated)
Bannockburn (Bruce defeats English)..
Morgarten (Swiss defeat Austrians)..
Athenry (Irish defeated)
Foughard, or Dundalk (Edward Bruce
Boroughbridge (Edward III. defeats Barons)..16
Mühldorf (Bavarians defeat Austrians).
Duplin (Edward Baliol defeats Mar)
Halidon Hill (Edward III. defeats Scots).
Tarifa (Moors defeated).

defeated)...5 Oct. 1318
March, 1322
.28 Sept. 66

Auberoche (earl of Derby defeats French).
Crecy (English defeat French)...
Durham, Nevil's Cross (Scots defeated).

Assens (Christian III. defeats Danish rebels).
Abancay (Almagro defeats Alvarado)..
Solway Moss (English defeat Scots).
Ceresuola (French defeat Imperialists)
Mühlberg (Charles V. defeats Protestants).
Pinkey (English defeat Scots)...

Ket's rebellion suppressed by Warwick..
Marciano (Florentines defeat French)

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.9 Sept. .13-15 Sept. 1515 ...29 April, 1522 24 Feb. 1525 ..15 May, 66 .29 Aug. 1526 .11 Oct. 1531 ..13 May, 1534 1535

12 July, 1537 ..25 Nov. 1542 .14 April, 1544 .24 April, 1547 .10 Sept.

..Aug. 1549 ..3 Aug. 1554

St. Quentin (Spanish and English defeat French). 10 Aug. 1557
Calais (taken)....

.7 Jan. 1558

..19 Dec. 1562

Gravelines, n. (Spanish and English deft. French). 13 July,
Dreux, in France (Huguenots defeated)
Carberry Hill (Mary of Scotland defeated).

..11 Aug. 1332

..19 July, 1333

.28

or 30 Oct. 1340

.19 Aug. 1344

St. Denis (ditto)

.26 Aug. 1346
.17 Oct.

La Roche Darien (Charles of Blois defeated)..
Poitiers (English defeat French).

Cocherel (Du Guesclin defeats Navarre)
Auray (Du Guesclin defeated)

Najara (Navarrete, Logroño) (Black Prince
of Trastamare).

Montiel (Peter of Castile defeated).
Rosbecque (French defeat Flemings).

Aljubarrota (Portuguese defeat Spaniards)

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1347

..19 Sept. 1356 ...16 May, 1364 ...29 Sept. 66

Langside (ditto)

Jarnac (Huguenots defeated).
Moncontour (Coligny defeated)

Lepanto, n. (Don John defeats Turks).
Dormans (Guise defeats Huguenots).
Alcazar-quiver (Moors defeat Portuguese).
Alcantara (Spaniards defeat Portuguese).

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.15 June, 1567 ...10 Nov. .13 May, 1568 .13 March, 1569

.3 Oct.

.7 Oct. 1571 .10 Oct. 1575

...4 Aug. 1578 ..24 June, 1580

Zutphen (Dutch and English defeat Spaniards)..22 Sept. 1586

defeats Henry

.3 April, 1367

.14 March, 1369

Coutras (Henry IV. defeats League)..

.27 Nov. 1382

Spanish Armada defeated, n..

14 Aug. 1385

Arques (Henry IV. defeats League)..

.9 July, 1386

Ivry, or Yvres (ditto).

.....10 Aug. 1388

I. killed),

Cossova (Turks defeat Albanians, and Amurath

Nicopolis (Turks defeat Christians).

Sept. 1389

.28 Sept. 1396

Epernay taken by Henry IV. of France..

.20 Qet. 1587

..July, Aug. 1588

..14 March, 1590

Fontaine Française (Henry IV. beats Spaniards).5 June, 1595
Blackwater (Tyrone and rebels defeat Bagnal).
Nieuport (Maurice defeats Austrians).
Kinsale (Tyrone reduced by Mountjoy)..
Kirchholm (Poles defeat Swedes).
Gibraltar (Dutch defeat Spaniards)..

21 Sept. 1589

26 July, 1592

14 Aug. 1598

1600

1601

Nesbit (Scots defeated).

1605

Ancyra (Timour defeats Bajazel)

1607

Homeldon Hill (English defeat Scots)

Shrewsbury (Percies, etc., defeated)

Bramham Moor (Henry IV. defeats rebels)..

..19 Feb. 1408

Prague (king of Bohemia defeated)
Dessau (Wallenstein defeats Mansfeld)..
Rochelle (taken)....

...8 Nov. 1620

.25 April, 1626

.28 Oct. 1628

Tannenberg (Poles defeat Teuton knights)

.15 July, 1410

.24 July, 1411

25 Oct. 1415

Harlaw (Lord of the Isles defeated)..
Agincourt (English defeat French).
Prague (Hussites under Ziska victors)..
Anjou, Beaugó (English defeated by Scots)..
Crevant (English defeat French and Scots).
Aquila (Aragonese defeated by Italians)..
Verneuil (English defeat French and Scots)
Herrings (English defeat French)...
Orleans (siege relieved)..

Patay (English defeated by Joan of Arc).
Lippau, or Böhmischbrod (Hussites defeated).
Kunobitza (Hunniades defeats the Turks).
St. Jacob (French defeat Swiss)...
Varna (Turks defeat Hungarians)
Cossova (Turks defeat Hunniades).

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.23 July, 1403

.14 July, 1420

.22 March, 1421

..11 June, 1423

.2 June, 1424

...17 Aug. 66
...12 Feb. 1429

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29 April,
.18 June,
....28 May, 1434

24 Dec. 1443
.26 Aug. 1444
.10 Nov.

...17 Oct 1448
.15 April, 1450
.27 June,
.23 Oct. 1452

66

Formigni (English defeated by French)..
Sevenoaks (Jack Cade defeats Stafford)
Aibar (Agramonts defeat Beaumonts)..
Brechin, Scotland (Huntley defeats Crawford)...18 May,
Castillon, Chatillon (French defeat Talbot).17 or 23 July, 1453

War of the ROSES-YORKISTS AND LANCASTRIANS.

St. Albans (Yorkists victorious)..
Bloreheath (Yorkists victors)..

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.23 Sept. 1459 ...10 July, 1460

.31 Dec. "6

2 Feb. 1461 17 Feb.

29 March,

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15 May, 1464

22 or 23 May, 1455

Northampton (ditto, Henry VI. taken). .

Wakefield (Lancastrians victors)..

Mortimer's Cross (Yorkists victorious).

St. Albans (Lancastrians victors)..

Towton (Yorkists victorious)

Hexham (Yorkists victors)..

Edgecote, or Banbury (Yorkists defeated).

.26 July, 1469

Stamford (Lancastrians defeated)..

13 March, 1470

Barnet (ditto)...

Tewkesbury (ditto)..

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14 April, 1471 ...4 May,

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..4 Sept. 1456

..3 March, 1476

.22 June,

...5 Jan. 1477

22 Aug. 1485

.16 June, 1487

28 July, 1488

Sauchieburn, near Bannockburn (James III. defeated by
rebels).

Fornovo (French defeat Italians)..
Seminara (French defeat Spaniards)..
Blackheath (Cornish rebels defeated).
Seminara (Gonsalvo defeats French).
Cerignola (ditto)..

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..6 July, 1495

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.22 June, 1497 ..21 April, 1503 .28 April,

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CIVIL WAR IN ENGLAND.

Worcester prince Rupert victor)..
Edgehill fight (issue doubtful).
Bradock-down (Parliamentarians defeated).
Bramham Moor (Fairfax defeated).
Stratton (Royalists victorious)..
Chalgrove (Hampden killed)..
Atherton Moor (Royalists victorious)
Lansdown (ditto)....

Devizes, or Roundway-down (ditto).
Gainsborough (Cromwell victor)..
Newbury (favorable to Royalists)
Cheriton, or Alresford (ditto)..
Cropredy Bridge (Charles I. victor)..
Marston Moor (prince Rupert defeated).
Tippermuir (Montrose defeats Covenanters)..
Newbury (indecisive) ....

Naseby (Charles I. totally defeated)..
Alford (Montrose defeats Covenanters).
Kilsyth (dito)..

Philiphaugh (Covenanters defeat Montrose).
Benburb (O'Neill defeats English)..

Dungan Hill (Irish defeated)..

Preston (Cromwell victor)

Rathmines (Irish Royalists defeated).
Drogheda (taken by storm)..

Corbiesdale (Montrose defeated).
Dunbar (Cromwell defeats Scots)..

Worcester (Cromwell defeats Charles II.).
Galway (surrendered)..

Daventry (Lambert defeated by Monk)

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..27 Aug. 1634 ..10 Aug. 1640 ..23 Oct. 1642 .19 May, 1643 ..3-5 Aug. 1644 1645

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.21 April, 1660

1654

.14 June, 1658 .8 June, 1663 ..1 Aug. 1664 1665

28 Nov. 1666 ..6 Sept. 1669

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Mohacz (Turks defeated)..

Killiecrankie (Highlanders defeat Mackay).
Newtown-butler (Jacobites defeated).
Boyne (William III. defeats James II.).
Fleurus (Charleroi, Luxembourg victor).
Athlone taken by Ginckel.

12 Aug. 1687

66

.1 July, 1690

Torgau (Frederick defeats Austrians).
Kirchdenkern (Allies defeat French)..

Schweidnitz (Frederick II. defeats Austrians)...16 May, 1762
Johannisberg (French defeat Prussians)..
Freiberg (Prussians defeat Austrians)..

Buxar (Munro defeats army of Oude).

..30 Aug.
...29 Oct. 1761

23 Oct. 1764

..Nov.

Choczim (Russians defeat Turks)...30 April and 13 July, 1769
Galatz (Russians defeat Turks).
Bender taken by Russians..
Brailow (Russians defeat Turks).
Silistria (taken)...

..1 July, 66

.30 June, 1691 .12 July, Turks)....19 Aug.

46
66

..19 July, 1693
..4 Oct.

.11 Sept. 1697

30 Nov. 1700

Bunker Hill..

..9 July, 1701

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Aughrim (James II.'s cause ruined).
Salenckemen (Louis of Baden defeats
Enghein or Steenkirk (William III. defeated)...24 July, 1692
Landen (William III. defeated).
Marsaglia (Pignerol) (French victors).
Zenta (prince Eugène defeats Turks)
Narva (Charles XII. defeats Russians).
Carpi, Modena (Allies defeat French).
Chiari (Austrians defeat French).
Clissau (Charles XII. defeats Poles).
Santa Vittoria (French victors)..
Friedlingen (French defeat Germans).
Pultusk (Swedes defeat Poles)..
Hochstadt (French defeat Austrians).
Donauwerth (Marlborough victor)..
Gibraltar (taken by Rooke)...

.1 Sept. "

.20 July, 1702
.26 July,

.14 Oct.

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...1 May, 1703

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Lexington (first skirmish)..

.28 Sept. 1770 ...19 June, 1773 1774

AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR.

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Concord (first British blood shed).
Ticonderoga (captured by Ethan Allen)..

Montreal (taken by Montgomery).
Quebec (Montgomery killed).
Norfolk..

Moore's Creek Bridge.

Boston (evacuated by British).
Fort Sullivan, Charleston.

Brooklyn, Long Island.
Harlem Heights..

.31 Dec.

66

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.20 Sept. 46

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.2 July, 1704

.16 Sept.

.24 July, 66

White Plains.

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18 July, 1705
...16 Aug.
.14 Sept.

Fort Washington (captured by the British)..

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Trenton...

66

Princeton

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Hubbardton.

23 May, 1706

Bennington Heights.

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.7 Sept.
19 Nov.

66

Almanza (French defeat Allies).....14 (0. s.) or 25 April, 1707

Oudenarde (Marlborough victor).

Liesna. Lenzo (Russians defeat Swedes).
Lisle (taken by the Allies)..

Pultowa (Peter defeats Charles XII.).

Malplaquet (Marlborough victor)..

Almenara (Austrians defeat French).

Dobro (Russians defeat Swedes)..

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.11 July, 1708
autumn,

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..Dec.

66

..8 July, 1709

.11 Sept. LL

.20 Sept.

.28 July, 1710

..20 Aug.

..10 Dec.

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....5 Aug. 1711
.13 Sept. 66
.24 July, 1712
.7 Nov. 1713

12, 13 Nov. 1715

..13 Nov.

Brandywine..

Paoli...

Philadelphia captured by British.

Germantown..

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Stony Point.

.16 July,

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.5 Aug. 1716

Paulus's Hook.

19 Aug.

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16 Aug. 1717

.27 May, 1734

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Bonhomme Richard and Serapis, n..........
Savannah.

..23 Sept.

66

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.29 June,
.19 Sept.

.22 July, 1739

..10 April, 1741 .16 June, 1743 ..30 April, 1745 .....4 June,

Dettingen (George II. defeats French).
Fontenoy (Saxe defeats Cumberland).
Hohenfreiburg (Prussians defeat Austrians)..

SCOTS' REBELLION.

Preston Pans (rebels defeat Cope)...
Clifton Moor (rebels defeated)...
Falkirk (rebels defeat Hawley)....
Culloden (Cumberland defeats rebels)..

St. Lazaro (Sardinians defeat French).
Placentia (Austrians defeat French).
Raucoux (Saxe defeats Allies)..
Laffeldt (Saxe defeats Cumberland).
Exilles (Sardinians defeat French).
Bergen-op-Zoom (taken).......

Fort du Quesne (Braddock killed).
Calcutta (taken by Surajah Dowlah).
Niagara (English take Fort)....
Quebec (Wolfe, victor, killed)...
Wandewash (Coote defeats Lally)..

66

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Charleston (surrender to British).

Rocky Mount..

Hanging Rock..

Sanders's Creek, near Camden..
King's Mountain...

Fish Dam Ford, Broad River..
Blackstocks..

Cowpens.

Cowan's Ford..

Haw (total defeat of the loyalists).
Guilford..

Hobkirk's Hill

Ninety-six (besieged).

Augusta (besieged)..

Jamestown..

New London (taken by Benedict Arnold).
Fort Griswold (captured by the British)..
Eutaw Springs..

Yorktown (Cornwallis surrendered).

Blue Licks (Indians)...

..9 Oct. 66 12 May, 1780

.29 May,

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30 June,

.7 Aug.

..16 Aug. ...7 Oct.

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.12 Nov. 66
20 Nov.
.17 Jan. 1781
.1 Feb. 26

.25 Feb. 66

15 March, 25 April,

May and June,

64 66

. May and June, 6*

[Other but inferior actions took place with
both parties.]

Arcot (Hyder defeats British)

Porto Novo (Coote defeats Hyder)...
Rodney's victory over De Grasse, n.
Arnee (Coote defeats Hyder)..
Attack on Gibraltar fails.

Bedmore (taken by Tippoo Sahib)..
Martinesti (Austrians defeat Turks)..
Ismail (taken by storm by Suwarrow)..
Bangalore (taken by storm).

Arikera (Tippoo defeated)..
Seringaptam (ditto)...

.9 July, 66 ..5 Sept.

..5 Sept.

...8 Sept.

66

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...19 Oct. 68 19 Aug. 1782

varying success to

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