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rio recta al Sur, ó norte, segun fuese necesario, hasta que encuentre el espresado grado 42 de latitud, y desde alli por el mismo paralelo hasta el mar del Sur. Pertenecerán á los Estados Unidos todas las islas de los rios Sabina, Rojo de Natchitoches, y Arkansas, en la estension de todo el curso descrito; pero el uso de las aguas, la navigacion del Sabina, hasta el mar, y de los espresados rios Rojo y Arkansas, en toda la estension de sus mencionados limites en sus respectivas orillas será comun á los habitantes de las dos naciones.

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Las dos altas partes contratantes convienen en ceder, y renunciar todos sus derechos, reclamaciones y pretensiones sobre los territorios que se describen en esta linea, á saber, los Estados Unidos de America ceden á S. M. C. y renuncian para siempre todos sus derechos, reclamaciones, y pretensiones, á cualesquiera territorios situados al oeste, y al sur de dicha linea; y S. M. C. en igual forma, renuncia, y cede para siempre por sí y á nombre de sus herederos y sucesores, todos los derechos que tiene sobre los territorios al este y al norte de la misma linea arriba descrita.

ARTICULO TERCERO.

Para fijar esta linea con mas precision, y establecer los mojones que señalen con ecsactitud los limites de ambas naciones nombrará cada una de ellas un Comisario, y un Geometra que se juntarán antes del termino de un año contado desde la fecha de la ratificacion de este Tratado, en Natchitoches, en las orillas del rio Rojo, y procederán á señalar, y demarcar dicha linea desde la embocadura del Sabina hasta el rio Rojo, y de este hasta el rio Arkansas y averiguar con certidumbre el origen del espresado rio Arkansas, y fijar segun queda estipulado, y convenido en este Tratado, la linea que debe seguir desde el grado 42 de latitud hasta el mar Pacifico. Llevarán diarios, y levantaran planos de sus operaciones, y el resultado convenido por ellos se tendrá por parte de este Tratado, y tendrá la misma fuerza que se estuviese inserto en el, debiendo convenir, amistosamente los dos Gobiernos en el arreglo de cuanto necesiten estos individuos y en la escolta respectiva que deban llevar siempre que se crea necesario.

ARTICULO CUARTO.

El presente tratado será ratificado y las ratificaciones serán cambiadas en Washington en el termino de cuatro meses ó antes, si posible fuere.

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En fe de lo cual, los respectivos Plenipotenciarios han firmado el presente, sellandolo con sus sellos respectivos.

Fecho en Megico, á los doce dias del mes de Enero, del año del Señor mil ochocientos veinte y ocho, octavo de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos de Megico, y 52° de la de los Estados Unidos de America.

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[TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, LIMITS, AND SETTLEMENT. "]

[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.]

In the name of Almighty God:

The United States of America, and the United Mexican States, animated by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two Republics, and to establish upon a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits upon the citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmony and mutual confidence, wherein the two Peoples should live, as good Neighbours, have for that purpose appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries: that is to say, the President of the United States has appointed Nicholas P. Trist, a citizen of the United States, and the President of the Mexican Republic has appointed Don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas, Don Bernardo Couto, and Don Miguel Atristain, citizens of the said Republic; who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, have, under the protection of Almighty God, the author of Peace, arranged, agreed upon, and signed the following

Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic.

ARTICLE I.

There shall be firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, and between their respective Countries, territories, cities, towns and people, without exception of places or persons.

a Signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo February 2, 1848; ratification advised by the Senate of the United States, with amendments, March 10, 1848; ratified by the President of the United States March 16, 1848; ratifications exchanged at Queretaro May 30, 1848; proclaimed July 4, 1848.

ARTICLE II.

Immediately upon the signature of this Treaty, a convention shall be entered into between a Commissioner or Commissioners appointed by the General in Chief of the forces of the United States, and such as may be appointed by the Mexican Government, to the end that a provisional suspension of hostilities shall take place, and that, in the places occupied by the said forces, constitutional order may be reestablished, as regards the political, administrative and judicial branches, so far as this shall be permitted by the circumstances of military occupation.

ARTICLE III.

Immediately upon the ratification of the present treaty by the Government of the United States, orders shall be transmitted to the Commanders of their land and naval forces, requiring the latter, (provided this Treaty shall then have been ratified by the Government of the Mexican Republic, and the ratifications exchanged) immediately to desist from blockading any Mexican ports; and requiring the former (under the same condition) to commence, at the earliest moment practicable, withdrawing all troops of the United States then in the interior of the Mexican Republic, to points, that shall be selected by common agreement, at a distance from the sea-ports, not exceeding thirty leagues; and such evacuation of the interior of the Republic shall be completed with the least possible delay: the Mexican Government hereby binding itself to afford every facility in it's power for rendering the same convenient to the troops, on their march and in their new positions, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants. In like manner, orders shall be despatched to the persons in charge of the Custom Houses at all ports occupied by the forces of the United States, requiring them (under the same condition) immediately to deliver possession of the same to the persons authorized by the Mexican Government to receive it, together with all bonds and evidences of debt for duties on importations and on exportations, not yet fallen due. Moreover, a faithful and exact account shall be made out, showing the entire amount of all duties on imports and on exports, collected at such Custom Houses, or elsewhere in Mexico, by authority of the United States, from and after the day of ratification of this Treaty by the Government of the Mexican Republic; and also an account of the cost of collection; and such entire amount, deducting only the cost of

collection, shall be delivered to the Mexican Government, at the City of Mexico, within three months after the exchange of ratifications.

The evacuation of the Capital of the Mexican Republic by the Troops of the United States, in virtue of the above stipulation, shall be completed in one month after the orders there stipulated for shall have been received by the commander of said troops, or sooner if possible.

ARTICLE IV.

Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, all castles, forts, territories, places and possessions, which have been taken or occupied by the forces of the United States during the present war, within the limits of the Mexican Republic; as about to be established by the following Article, shall be definitively restored to the said Republic, together with all the artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, and other public property, which were in the said castles and forts when captured, and which shall remain there at the time when this treaty shall be duly ratified by the Government of the Mexican Republic. To this end, immediately upon the signature of this treaty, orders shall be despatched to the American officers commanding such castles and forts, securing against the removal or destruction of any such artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, or other public property. The city of Mexico, within the inner line of intrenchments surrounding the said city, is comprehended in the above stipulation, as regards the restoration of artillery, apparatus of war, &c.

The final evacuation of the territory of the Mexican Republic, by the forces of the United States, shall be completed in three months from the said exchange of ratifications, or sooner, if possible: the Mexican Government hereby engaging, as in the foregoing Article, to use all means in it's power for facilitating such evacuation, and rendering it convenient to the troops, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabit

ants.

If, however, the ratification of this treaty by both parties should not take place in time to allow the embarkation of the troops of the United States to be completed before the commencement of the sickly season, at the Mexican ports on the Gulf of Mexico; in such case a friendly arrangement shall be entered into between the General in Chief of the said troops and the Mexican Government, whereby healthy and otherwise suitable places at a distance

from the ports not exceeding thirty leagues shall be designated for the residence of such troops as may not yet have embarked, until the return of the healthy season. And the space of time here referred to, as comprehending the sickly season, shall be understood to extend from the first day of May to the first day of November.

All prisoners of war taken on either side, on land or on sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the exchange of ratifications of this treaty. It is also agreed that if any Mexicans should now be held as captives by any savage tribe within the limits of the United States, as about to be established by the following Article, the Government of the said United States will exact the release of such captives, and cause them to be restored to their country.

ARTICLE V.

The Boundary line between the two Republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of it's deepest branch, if it should have more than one branch emptying directly into the sea; from thence, up the middle of that river, following the deepest channel, where it has more than one to the point where it strikes the Southern boundary of New Mexico; thence, westwardly along the whole Southern Boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to it's western termination; thence, northward, along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first branch of the river Gila; (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then, to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a direct line to the same;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence, across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific Ocean.

The southern and western limits of New Mexico, mentioned in this Article, are those laid down in the Map, entitled "Map of the United Mexican States, as organized and defined by various acts of the Congress of said Republic, and constructed according to the best authorities. Revised edition. Published at New York in 1847 by J. Disturnell:" Of which Map a Copy is added to this Treaty, bearing the signatures and seals of the Undersigned Plenipotentiaries. And, in order to preclude all difficulty in tracing upon the ground the limit separating Upper from Lower California, it is agreed that

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