ity to the principles of the Law of Nations, and in accordance with the Constitution of each country respectively In consequence, the stipulation in the 5th Article of the Treaty of Guadalupe upon the Boundary line therein described is no longer of any force, wherein it may conflict with that here established, the said line being considered annulled and abolished wherever it may not coincide with the present, and in the same manner remaining in full force where in accordance with the same ARTICLE II The government of Mexico hereby releases the United States from all liability on account of the obligations contained in the eleventh article of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and the said article and the thirty third article of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between the United States of America and the United Mexican States concluded at Mexico, on the fifth day of April, 1831, are hereby abrogated. ARTICLE III In consideration of the foregoing stipulations, the government of the United States agrees to pay to the government of Mexico, in the City of New York, the sum of ten millions of dollars, of which seven millions shall be paid immediately upon the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, and the remaining three millions as soon as the boundary line shall be surveyed, marked, and established. ARTICLE IV. The Provisions of the 6th and 7th Articles of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo having been rendered nugatory for the most part by the cession of Territory granted in the First Article of this Treaty, the said Articles are hereby abrogated and annulled and the provisions as herein expressed substituted therefor. The Vessels and Citizens of the United States shall in all Time have free and uninterrupted passage through the Gulf of California to and from their possessions situated North of the Boundary line of the Two Countries. It being understood that this passage is to be by navigating the Gulf of California and the river Colorado, and not by land, without the express consent of the Mexican Government, and precisely the same provisions, stipulations and restrictions in all respects are hereby agreed upon and adopted and shall be scrupulously observed and enforced by the Two Contracting Governments in reference to the Rio Colorado, so far and for such distance as the middle of that River is made their common Boundary Line by the First article of this Treaty The several Provisions, Stipulations and restrictions contained in the 7th article of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, shall remain in force only so far as regards the Rio Bravo del Norte below the initial of the said Boundary provided in the First article of this Treaty That is to say below the intersection of the 31° 47′ 30′′ parallel of Latitude with the Boundary Line established by the late Treaty dividing said river from its mouth upwards according to the 5th article of the Treaty of Guadalupe. ARTICLE V. All the provisions of the Eighth and Ninth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Articles of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo shall apply to the Territory ceded by the Mexican Republic in the First Article of the present Treaty and to all the rights of persons and property both civil and ecclesiastical within the same, as fully and as effectually as if the Said Articles were herein again recited and set forth ARTICLE VI. No Grants of Land within the Territory ceded by the First Article of this Treaty bearing date subsequent to the day Twenty fifth of September-when the Minister and Subscriber to this Treaty on the part of the United States proposed to the government of Mexico to terminate the question of Boundary, will be considered valid or be recognised by the United States, or will any Grants made previously be respected or be considered as obligatory which have not been located and duly recorded in the Archives of Mexico ARTICLE VII. Should there at any future period (which God forbid) occur any disagreements between the two Nations which might lead to a rupture of their relations and reciprocal peace, they bind themselves in like manner to procure by every possible method the adjustment of every difference, and should they still in this manner not succeed, never will they proceed to a declaration of War, without having previously paid attention to what has been set forth in Article 21 of the Treaty of Guadalupe for similar cases; which article as well as the 22d, is here reaffirmed ARTICLE VIII. The Mexican government having on the 5th of February 1853 authorized the early construction of a plank and rail road across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and to secure the stable benefits of said transit way to the persons and merchandise of the citizens of Mexico and the United States, it is stipulated that neither government will interpose any obstacle to the transit of persons and merchandise of both nations; and at no time shall higher charges be made on the transit of persons and property of citizens of the United States than may be made on the persons and property of other foreign nations, nor shall any interest in said transit way, nor in the proceeds thereof, be transferred to any foreign govern ment. The United States by its Agents shall have the right to transport across the Isthmus, in closed bags, the mails of the United States not intended for distribution along the line of communication; also the effects of the United States government and its citizens, which may be intended for transit, and not for distribution on the Isthmus, free of custom-house or other charges by the Mexican government. Neither passports nor letters of security will be required of persons crossing the Isthmus and not remaining in the country. When the construction of the railroad shall be completed, the Mexican government agrees to open a port of entry in addition to the port of Vera Cruz, at or near the terminus of said road on the Gulf of Mexico. The two governments will enter into arrangements for the prompt transit of troops and munitions of the United States, which that government may have occasion to send from one part of its territory to another, lying on opposite sides of the continent. The Mexican government having agreed to protect with its whole power the prosecution, preservation and security of the work, the United States may extend its protection as it shall judge wise to it when it may feel sanctioned and warranted by the public or international law. ARTICLE IX. This Treaty shall be ratified, and the respective ratifications shall be exchanged at the City of Washington, within the exact period of six months from the date of its signature or sooner if possible In testimony whereof, We, the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties have hereunto affixed our hands and seals at Mexico the Thirtieth (30th) day of December in the Year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty three, in the thirty third year of the Independence of the Mexican Republic, and the seventy eighth of that of the United States [Spanish Text.] [GADSDEN TREATY] En el nombre de Dios Todopoderoso. La República de México y los Estados Unidos de América, deseando remover toda causa de desacuerdo que pudiera influir en algun modo en contra de la mejor amistad y correspondencia entre ambos Paises, y especialmente por lo respectivo á los verdaderos límites que deben fijarse, cuando no obstante lo pactado en el Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo en el año 1848, aún se hán suscitado algunas interpretaciones encontradas que pudieran ser ocasion de cuestiones de grave trascendencia; para evitarlas, y afirmar y corroborar mas la paz que felizmente reyna entre ambas Repúblicas, el Presidente de México há nombrado á este fin con el carácter de plenipotenciario ad hoc al Exmo. Sr. D. Manuel Diez de Bonilla, Caballero Gran Cruz de la Nacional y Distinguida Orden de Guadalupe, y Secretario de Estado y del Despacho de Relaciones Exteriores, y á los Señores D. José Salazar Ylarregui y General D. Mariano Monterde, como Comisarios Peritos investidos con Plenos Poderes para esta negociacion; y el Presidente de los Estados Unidos, á S. E. el Sr. Santiago Gadsden, Enviado Extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciario de los mismos Estados Unidos cerca del Gobierno Mexicano; quienes habiendose comunicado sus respectivos Plenos Poderes, y halládolos en buena y debida forma, hán convenido en los artículos siguientes: ARTÍCULO 1o. La República Mexicana conviene en señalar para lo sucesivo como verdaderos límites con los Estados Unidos, los siguientes: Subsistiendo la misma línea divisoria entre las dos Californias, tal cual está ya definida y marcada conforme al artículo quinto del Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo, los límites entre las dos Repúblicas serán los que siguen. Comenzando en el Golfo de Méjico á tres leguas de distancia de la costa, frente á la desembocadura del Rio grande, como se estipuló en el artículo quinto del Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo: de allí, segun se fija en dicho artículo, hasta la mitad de aquel Rio al punto donde la paralela de 31° 47′ de latitud Norte atraviesa el mismo Rio: de allí, cien millas en línea recta al oeste: de allí al Sur á la paralela de 31° 20′ de latitud norte: de allí siguiendo dicha paralela de 31° 20′, hasta el III del meridiano de longitud oeste de Greenwich: de allí, en línea recta á un punto en el Rio Colorado, veinte millas inglesas abajo de la union de los Rios Gila y Colorado, de allí, por la mitad del dicho Rio Colorado, Rio arriba, hasta donde encuentra la actual línea divisoria entre los Estados Unidos y Méjico. Para la egecucion de esta parte del Tratado, cada uno de los dos Gobiernos nombrará un Comisario, á fin de que por comun acuerdo, los dos así nombrados, que se reunirán en la Ciudad del Paso del Norte, tres meses despues del cange de las ratificaciones de este Tratado, procedan á recorrer y demarcar sobre el terreno la linea divisoria estipulada por este artículo, en lo que no estuviere ya reconocida y establecida por la Comision Mixta segun el Tratado de Guadalupe; llevando al efecto Diarios de sus procedimientos, y levantando los planos convenientes. A este efecto, si lo juzgaren necesario las Partes contratantes, podrán añadir á su respectivo Comisario, alguno ó algunos auxiliares, bien facultativos ó no, como Agrimensores, Astrónomos, &c.; pero sin que por esto su concurrencia se considere necesaria para la fijacion y ratificacion como verdadera línea divisoria entre ambas Repúblicas; pues dicha línea solo será establecida por lo que convengan los Comisarios, reputandose su conformidad en este punto, como decisiva, y parte integrante de este Tratado, sin necesidad de ulterior ratificacion ó aprobacion, y sin lugar á interpretacion de ningun género por cualquiera de las dos Partes contratantes. La línea divisoria establecida de este modo, será en todo tiempo fielmente respetada por los dos Gobiernos, sin permitirse ninguna variacion en ella, sino es de espreso y libre consentimiento de los dos, otorgado de conformidad con los principios del Derecho de gentes, y con arreglo á la Constitucion de cada Pais respectivamente. En consecuencia, lo estipulado en el artículo quinto del Tratado de Guadalupe sobre la línea divisoria en él descrita, queda |