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conversion,

mortgage of real estate or in Government securities, or in the stock shares or debentures of any railway or other company incorporated by special Act of Parliament and to hold the said investments and the dividends interest and profits thereupon upon the trusts in the said will declared [recite X's death of sale and and probate of his will, ante, p. 573] (a) AND WHEREAS the testator's real and personal estate on sale and conversion realized in all the sum of £5,000 which after payment of the testator's debts and funeral and testamentary expenses left a balance of £4,000 AND WHEREAS the said balance of £4,000 trust funds, was invested by A and B-as to £950 thereof in the purchase of £1,000 £3 per cent. consols-and as to £250 thereof in

of invest

ments of

twenty shares of £10 each in the

numbered respectively

Company and

-and as to £800

thereof in eight debentures for £100 each in the

Company and numbered respectively

-and

as to £2,000 the residue thereof on a mortgage of real estate

situate at

in the County of

effected

day of

by an indenture of mortgage dated the

and expressed to be made between Y of the one part and A

of trustee's and B of the other part AND WHEREAS B is desirous of being

desire to be

discharged, and of

discharged from and C has agreed to accept the office of trustee intention to of the said will and it is intended that the said consols shares and transfer

trust funds, debentures shall with all convenient speed be transferred

from the names of A and B in which they are now standing in the books of the Bank of England and on the registers of the said Companies respectively into the names of A and C to

(a) It is usual to recite the trusts at them as in the text.

length, but it is sufficient to refer to

ment on

ment of

trustee.

hold upon the trusts of the said will AND WHEREAS the said and investmortgage debt and all interest due or to accrue due thereon mortgage. and all securities for the same are intended to be transferred to A and C by an indenture bearing even date with and intended to be executed immediately after these presents (a) and to be made between the same persons as are parties to these presents NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that A as Appointcontinuing trustee in exercise of the power in that behalf new conferred by the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act, 1881 (b) at the request of B and with the consent of C hereby appoints C to be a trustee of the said will in the place of B AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that it Declaration of trust. is hereby agreed and declared that A and C shall hold all those the said consols shares and debentures and all that the said mortgage debt interest and securities when so transferred as aforesaid upon the trusts and subject to the powers and provisions declared by the said will of and concerning the same. In witness, &c.

LXXV.-VESTING OF TRUST PROPERTY IN NEW TRUSTEES.
Being a Transfer of Mortgage by Supplemental Deed (c).
THIS INDENTURE made, &c. BETWEEN A of, &c. (con- Parties.
tinuing trustee) and B of, &c. (trustee desiring to be discharged)

(a) It is always advisable to transfer the mortgage by separate instrument, so as not to disclose the trusts.

(b) S. 31, 44 & 45 Vict. c. 41, ante, p. 386. A recital declaring that no person was nominated with power to

appoint trustees may be inserted, but
appears to us unnecessary. In Prece-
dent LXXVI. the power to appoint
trustees is vested in a nominee.
(c) This Precedent is the comple-
ment of Precedent LXXIV.

title of

and new

of debt.

of the one part, and A and C of, &c. (new trustee) of the other part and supplemental to an indenture of mortgage dated, &c., and expressed to be made between X of the one part and A Recital of and B of the other part (a) WHEREAS the sum of £2,000 continuing mentioned as principal money due in the said indenture is still trustee. owing on the security thereof but now belongs together with the benefit of all securities for the same to A and C on a joint Assignment account NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that A and B as mortgagees hereby assign to A and C All that the said principal sum of £2,000 and all interest due or to accrue due thereon and all securities for the same Together with the benefit of all powers and provisions in the said indenture To hold the said premises to A and C absolutely Conveyance AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that subject to proviso for A and B as mortgagees hereby convey to C All the hereditaments comprised in the said indenture To hold to C in fee simple to the use of A and C in fee simple subject to the proviso for redemption in the said indenture contained (b). In witness, &c.

redemption.

Parties.

LXXVI.-RETIREMENT OF TRUSTEE OF COPYHOLDS (c).

Vesting of Trust Property in Co-Trustees by Release.

THIS INDENTURE made, &c. BETWEEN A of, &c. (retiring trustee) of the first part, B of, &c., C of, &c. (continuing cotrustees) of the second part, and D of, &c. (person empowered

(a) Cf. ante, p. 599, n. (c).

(b) S. 61, 44 & 45 Vict, c. 41, ante, p. 413, dispenses with a declaration of joint account.

(c) Cf. s. 32, 44 & 45 Vict. c. 41, ante, p. 388. Legal estates in copyholds, as well as the subjects comprised in Precedent LXXII. are incapable

ppoint trustees) of the third part WHEREAS X late of Recital of settlement, &c. devised the copyhold hereditaments holden of

appoint

trustee, &c.

manor of and hereinafter described to A, B, Cand their heirs in trust for D for life remainder in trust, [here describe trusts] And by the said will power was of power to en to any person for the time being beneficially entitled new any customary estate for life in the said hereditaments to point a person or persons to be a trustee or trustees in the ace of any trustee or trustees of the said will who should sire to be discharged from or refuse or become incapable acting in the trusts or powers reposed in or conferred on im AND WHEREAS [recite X's death, and probate of his will, nte, p. 573] AND WHEREAS A, B, and C were at a general of admitCourt Baron holden for the said manor on the

tance of

day of trustees, admitted tenants of the said hereditaments according

to the devise and upon the trusts aforesaid AND WHEREAS A of trustee's

desire to

is desirous of retiring and being discharged from the said trust retire. and B, C, and D, have agreed to give their consent to such retirement and discharge and to the vesting of the said trust

of being vested in new trustees by
declaration (s. 34 (3), 44 & 45 Vict.
c. 41, ante, p. 389); hence the neces-
sity of some operative mode of transfer.
A question, however, arises whether
the form in the text affords a proper
means of vesting the trust property.
It is clear that the legal estate of one
joint tenant of a copyhold may pass
to another by release (ante, p. 88);
the point is whether such a release
does not cause a severance of the
joint tenancy, in which case recourse
should be had to surrender by the

retiring and continuing to the new
trustees. As we read Wase v. Pretty,
Win. 3 Litt. s. 304 and Co. Litt.
193 a, b, 273 b, a release by one of
three joint tenants to another creates a
severance as to the share so released;
but on a release to all the other joint
tenants there would be no severance.
We think that the query in Scriv. Cop.
5th ed. 116, n. (i), is wrongly omitted;
in ib. 6th ed. p. 69; indeed our view
of the matter seems to be put beyond
doubt by Bro. Abr. Joint Tenant Pl. 2
and II Cru. Dig. 4th ed. 32, 383.

Declaration property in B and C alone NOW THIS INDENTURE by retiring

trustee, and WITNESSETH that to effectuate the said desire and agreeconsent by

continuing ment A hereby declares that he is desirous of being discharged

trustees

and appointor. Vesting of trust

from the said trust and B, C, and D hereby consent to the discharge of A as trustee AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO property. WITNESSETH that for the purpose of vesting the trust property in B and C alone A as trustee with the consent of B, C, and D hereby releases quit-claims and confirms to B and C all his estate, interest, right, title, or claim in or to All those [here describe parcels] to which said premises A, B, and C were admitted, &c. [state admittance, ante, p. 594] To hold to B and C in fee simple according to the custom of the said manor upon the trusts and subject to the powers and provisions declared and contained in the said will of and concerning the same. In witness, &c.

LXXVII.-VESTING OF TRUST PROPERTY BY DECLARATION
In New or Continuing Trustees (a).

Parties, &c. THIS INDENTURE made, &c. [proceed as in Precedents
LXXIV., LXXVI., ante, pp. 643, 647, to the end of the first
Declaration testatum, then add]: AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO

by donee

of power.

WITNESSETH that A [or B, C, and D] (b) hereby declares [or declare] (b) that All those [here describe parcels] the said trust premises shall vest in A and C [or B and C] (b) for an estate in fee [or absolutely] (c) upon the trusts and subject to

(a) Cf. s. 34, 44 & 45 Vict. c. 41, ante, p. 389.

(b) Substitute the words in brackets if the power of appointing a new

trustee be vested in a nominee as in Precedent LXXVI.

(c) The words in brackets are to be substituted if the fund consists of personal estate.

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