TREATY AS AMENDED BY THE SENATE. TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, LIMITS, AND SETTLEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. · DATED AT GUADALUPE HIDALGO, THE 2D FEBRUARY, 1848; RATIFIED BY THE PRESIDENT UNITED STATES, 16TH MARCH, 1848; EXCHANGED AT QUERETARO, 30TH MAY, 1848; PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT UNITED STATES, 4TH JULY, 1843. By the President of the United States of America —A proclamation. WHEREAS, a treaty of peace, friendship, limits, and settlement, between the United States of America and the Mexican republic, was concluded and signed at the city of Guadalupe Hidalgo on the second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fortyeight, which treaty, as amended by the Senate of the United States, and being in the English and Spanish languages, is word for word as follows: In the name of Almighty God: The United States of America and the United Mexican States, animated by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two republics, and to establish upon a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits upon the citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmony, and mutual confidence wherein the two people should live, as good neighbors, have for that purpose appointed their respective plenipotentiaries-that is to say, the President of the United States has appointed Nicholas P. Trist, a citizen of the United States, and the President of the Mexican republic has ap. pointed Don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas, Don Bernardo Conto, and Don Miguel Atristain, citi. zens of the said republic, who, after a recip. rocal communication of their respective full powers, have, under the protection of Almighty God, the author of peace, arranged, agreed upon, and signed the following Treaty of peace, friendship, limits, and settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican republic. ARTICLE I. There shall be firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican republic, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns, and people, without exception of places or per sons. ARTICLE II. Immediately upon the signature of this treaty, a couvention shall be entered into between a commissioner or commissioners ap. pointed by the general-in-chief of the forces of the United States, and such as may be appointed by the Mexican government, to the end that a provisional suspension of hostilities shall take place, and that, in the places occupied by the said forces, constitutional order may be re-established, as regards the political, administrative and judicial branches, so far as this shall be permitted by the circumstances of military occupation. ARTICLE III. Immediately upon the ratification of the present treaty by the government of the United States, orders shall be transmitted to the En el nombre de Dios Todo Poderoso: Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y los Esta. dos Unidos de America, animados de un sin. cero deseo de poner termino a las calamidades de la guerra que desgraciadamente existe entre ambas republicas, y de establecer sobre bases solidas relaciones de paz y buena amistad, que procuren reciprocas ventajas a los ciudadanos de uno y otro pais, y afianzen la concordia, armonia y mutua seguridad en que deben vivir, como buenos vecinos, los dos pueblos han nombrado a este efecto sus respecti vos plenipotenciarios; a saber, el Presidente de la republica Mexicana a Don Bernardo Conto, Don Miguel Atristain, y Don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas, ciudadanos de la misma republica; y el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America a Don Nicolas P. Trist, ciudadano de dichos Estados; quienes despues de haberse comunicado sus plenos poderes, bajo la proteccion del Senor Dios Todo Poderoso, autor de la paz, han ajustado, con. venido, y firmado el siguiente Tratado de paz, amistad, limites y arreglo definitivo entre la republica Mexicana y los Estados Unidos de America. ARTICULO I. Habra paz firme y universal entre la republica Mexicana y los Estados Unidos de Ameri ca, y entre sus respectivos paises, territorios, ciudades, villas, y pueblos, sin escepcion de lugares o personas. ARTICULO II. Luego que se firme el presente tratado, ha bra un convenio entre el comisionado u comis. ionados del gobierno Mexicano, y el o los que nombre el general-en-gefe de las fuerzas de los Estados Unidos, para que cesen provisionalmente las hostilidades, y se establerea en los lugares ocupados por las mismas fuerzas el orden constitucional en lo politico, administrativo, y judicial, en cuanto lo permitan las circunstancias de ocupacion militar. ARTICULO III. Luego que este tratado sea ratificado por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, se expediran ordenes a sus comandantes de tierra y commanders of their land and naval forces, requiring the latter (provided this treaty shall then have been ratified by the govern ment of the Mexican republic, and the ratifications exchanged) immediately to desist from blockading any Mexican ports; and requiring the former (under the same condition) to commence, at the earliest moment practi. cable, withdrawing all troops of the United States then in the interior of the Mexican re. public, to points that shall be selected by common agreement, at a distance from the seaports not exceeding thirty leagues; and such evacuation of the interior of the republic shall be completed with the least possible de. lay; the Mexican government hereby binding itself to afford every facility in its power for rendering the same convenient to the troops, on their march and in their new positions, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants. In like manner, orders shall be despatched to the persons in charge of the custom-houses at all ports occupied by the forces of the United States, requiring them (under the same condition) immediately to deliver possession of the same to the persons authorized by the Mexican gov. ernment to receive it, together with all bonds and evidences of debt for duties on importa tions and on exportations, not yet fallen due. Moreover, a faithful and exact account shall be made out, showing the entire amount of all duties on imports and on exports, collected at such custom-houses, or elsewhere in Mexico, by authority of the United States, from and after the day of ratification of this treaty by the government of the Mexican republic; and also an account of the cost of collection; and such entire amount, deducting only the cost of collection, shall be delivered to the Mexican government, at the city of Mexico, with in three months after the exchange of ratifi cations. The evacuation of the capital of the Mexican republic by the troops of the United States, in virtue of the above stipulation, shall be completed in one month after the orders there stipulated for shall have been received by the commander of said troops, or sooner if possible. ARTICLE IV. Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, all castles, forts, territories, places and possessions, which have been taken or occupied by the forces of the United States during the present war, within the limits of the Mexican republic, as about to be established by the following article, shall be definitively restored to the said republic, together with all the artillery, arms, appara. tus of war, munitions, and other public pro. perty, which were in the said castles and forts when captured, and which shall remain there at the time when this treaty shall be duly ratified by the government of the Mexican re. mar previniendo a estos segundos (s que el tratado haya sido va ratn el gobierno de la republica Mexor. cangeadas las ratificaciones) ç EI İ tamente alcen el bloqueo de tasa ertos Mexicanos, y mandando a um pré ros (bajo la misma condicion) que a la zu posible brevedad comiencen a re las tropas de los Estados Unides qur laran entonces en el interior de la recol Mexicana, a puntos que se elegiran de acuerdo, y que no distaran de los pret de trienta leguas; esta evacnacio, ér, int de la republica se consumera cca is a lacion posible, comprometiendose a la «re gobierno Mexicano a facilitar, cant cara = su arbitrio, la evacuacion de las tropas tr icanas; a hacer comodas su mareta y iz tr manencia en los nuevos puntos qua y a promover una buena intele ellos y los habitantes. Igualmente wa"-17" ordenes a las personas en cargados de in nå uanas maritimas en todos los puertos etiam dos por las fuerzas de los Estados previniendoles (bajo la misma conć na va pongan inmediatamente en posesonde aduanas a las personas autorizadas per bierno Mexicano para recibiras, es rega doles al mismo tiempo todas las ciga y constancias de deudas pendentes per dos chos de importacion y exportacie plazos no esten vencidos. Ademas se una cuenta fiel y exacta que mantro total monto de los derechos de important exportacion, recandados en las mismas. maritimas o en calquiera otro lugar de por autoridad de los Estados Unidos c dia de la ratificacion de este tratad bierno de la republica Mexicana:ytam cuenta de los gastos de recandación maa suma de los derechos cotrados, deur amente los gastos de recandacios, al gobierno Mexicano en la ciudad de Metal a los tres meses del cange de ciones. La evacuacion de la capital de la Mexicana por las tropas de los Esta " dos, en consecuencia de lo que q lado, se completara al mes de rec el comandante de dichas tropas convenidas en el presente articulo, van ** fuere posible. ARTICULO IV. Luego que se verifique el cangede "s ficaciones del presente tratado, to tillos, fortalezas, territorios, lugares 11 siones que hayan tomado u ocupa zas de los Estados Unidos, en is p erra, dentro de los limites que pre ente articulo van a fijarse a la reprò et icana, se devolveran definitivamente 1 a 28 ma republica, con toda la artilēra ** aparejos de guerra. municiones. L otra propiedad publica existentes » castillos y fortalezas, cuando fuer " y que se conserve en ellos al tem ficarse por el gobierno de la repute ure of this treaty, orders shall be des ed to the American officers commanding castles and forts, securing against the al or destruction of any such artillery, apparatus of war, munitions, or other property. The city of Mexico, within ner line of intrenchments surrounding sid eity, is comprehended in the above ations, as regards the restoration of ar, apparatus of war, &c. e final evacuation of the territory of the can republic, by the forces of the United 5, shall be completed in three months the said exchange of ratifications, or rif possible; the Mexican government y engaging, as in the foregoing article, e all means in its power for facilitating evacuation, and rendering it convenient e troops, and for promoting a good underLing between them and the inhabitants. however, the ratification of this treaty th parties should not take place in time ow the embarkation of the troops of the d States to be completed before the encement of the sickly season, at the can ports on the gulf of Mexico, in such a friendly arrangement shall be entered between the general-in-chief of the said is and the Mexican government, whereby by and otherwise suitable places at a nce from the ports not exceeding thirty tes shall be designated for the residence h troops as may not yet have embarked, the return of the healthy season. And pace of time here referred to as compre. ing the sickly season, shall be understood stend from the first day of May to the day of November. Il prisoners of war taken on either side, und or on sea, shall be restored as soon racticable after the exchange of ratifica. of this treaty. It is also agreed that if Mexicans should now be held as captives y savage tribe within the limits of the ed States, as about to be established by ollowing article, the government of the United States will exact the release of captives, and cause them to be restored eir country. ARTICLE V. mediatamente despues que se firme, se expediran ordenes a los oficiales Americanos que mandan dichos castillos y fortalezas para asegurar toda la artilleriarmas, aparejos de guerra, municiones, y alquiera otra propiedad publica, la cual no podra en adelante removerse de donde se halla, ni destruirse. La ciudad de Mexico dentro de la linea interior de atrincheramientos que la circundan queda comprendida en la precedente estipulacion en lo que toca a la devolucion de artilleria, aparejos de guerra, etc. La final evacuacion del territorio de la re. publica Mexicana por las fuerzas de los Estados Unidos quedara consumada a los tres meses del cange de las ratificaciones, o antes si fuere posible, comprometiendose a la vez el gobierno Mexicano, como en el articulo anterior, a usar de todos los medios que esten en su poder para facilitar la tal evacuacion, hacerla comoda a las tropas Americanas, y promover entre ellas y los habitantes una buena inteligencia. Sin embargo, si la ratificacion del presente tratado por ambas partes no tuviera efecto en tiempo que permita que el embarque de las tropas de los Estados Unidos se complete, antes de que comience la estacion malsana en los puertos Mexicanos del golfo de Mexico; en tal caso, se hara un arreglo amistoso entre el gobierno Mexicano y el general-en-gefe de dichas tropas, y por medio de este arreglo se senalaran lugares salubres y convenientes (que no disten de los puertos mas de treinta leguas) para que residan en ellos hasta la vuelta de la estacion sana las tropas que aun no se hayan embarcado. Y queda entendido que el espacio de tiempo de que aqui se habla, como comprensivo de la estacion malsana, se extiende desde el dia primero de Mayo hasta el dia primero de Noviembre. Todos los prisioneros de guerra tomados en mar o tierra por ambas partes, se restituiran a la mayor brevedad posible despues del cange de las ratificaciones del presente tratado. Queda tambien convenido que se algunos Mexicanos estuvieren ahora cautivos en poder de alguna tribu salvage dentro de los limites que por el siguiente articulo van a fijarse a los Estados Unidos, el gobierno de los mismos Estados Unidos exigira su libertad y los hara a restituir a su pais. be boundary line between the two repubshall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, e leagues from land, opposite the mouth he Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio ro del Norte, or opposite the mouth of its est branch, if it should have more than branch emptying directly into the sea; e thence up the middle of that river, wing the deepest channel, where it has a than one, to the point where it strikes southern boundary of New Mexico; ice, westwardly, along the whole south boundary of New Mexico (which runs th of the town called Paso) to its western nination; thence, northward, along the ARTICULO V. La linea divisoria entre las dos republicas comenzara en el golfo de Mexico, tres leguas fuera de tierra fre a la desembocadura del Rio Grande, amado por otro nombre Rio Bravo del Norte, o del mas profundo de sus brazos, si en la desembocadura tuviere varios brazos correra por mitad de dicho rio, siguiendo el canal mas profundo, donde tenga mas de un canal, hasta el punto en que dicho rio corta el lindero meridional de Nuevo Mexico; continuara luego hacia occidente por todo este lindero meridional (que corre al norte del pueblo llamado Paso) hasta su termino por el lado de occidente: desde alli subira là linea divisoria hacia el western line of New Mexico, until it inter sects the first branch of the River Gila; (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a direct line to the same ;) thence, down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific ocean. The southern and western limits of New Mexico, mentioned in this article, are those laid down in the map, entitled "Map of the United Mexican States, as organized and defined by various acts of Congress of said republic, and constructed according to the best authorities. Revised edition. Published at New York, in 1847, by J. Disturnell." Of which map a copy is added to this treaty, bearing the signatures and seals of the undersigned plenipotentiaries. And, in order to preclude all difficulty in tracing upon the ground the limit separating Upper from Lower California, it is agreed that the said limit shall consist of a straight line drawn from the middle of the Rio Gila, where it unites with the Colorado, to a point on the coast of the Pacific ocean distant one marine league due south of the southernmost point of the port of San Diego, according to the plan of said port made in the year 1782 by Don Juan Pantoja, second sailing master of the Spanish fleet, and published at Madrid in the year 1802, in the Atlas to the voyage of the schooners Sutil and Mexicana, of which plan a copy is hereunto added, signed and sealed by the respective plenipotentiaries. In order to designate the boundary line with due precision, upon authoritative maps, and to establish upon the ground landmarks which shall show the limits of both repub lics, as described in the present article, the two governments shall each appoint a commissioner and a surveyor, who, before the expiration of one year from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty, shall meet at the port of San Diego, and proceed to run and mark the said boundary in its whole course to the mouth of the Rio Bravo del Norte. They shall keep journals and make out plans of their operations; and the result agreed upon by them shall be deemed a part of this treaty, and shall have the same force as if it were inserted therein. The two governments will amicably agree regarding what may be necessary to these persons, and also as to their resp tive escorts, should such be necessary. The boundary line established by this article shall be religiously respected by each of the two republics, and no change shall ever be made therein, except by the express and free consent of both nations, lawfully given by the general government of each in conformity with its own constitution. norte por el lindero occidental de Nuero Mex ico, hasta donde esta lindero este cortado por el primer brazo del rio Gila; (y si no esta cortado por ningun brazo del rio Gila, entonces hasta el punto del mismo lindero occidental mas cercano al tal brazo y de alli en una linea recta al mismo brazo ;) continuara des pues por mitad de este brazo y del rio Gila basta su confluencia con el rio Colorado: y desde la confluencia de ambos rics la linea divisoria, cortando el Colorado, segnira el limite que separa la Alta de la Baja Califor nia hasta el mar Pacifico. Los linderos meridional y occidental de Nuevo Mexico, de que habla este articulo, son los que se marcan en la carta titulada: Mapa de los Estados Unidos de Merico se gun lo organizado y definido por las varias actas del Congreso de dicha republica, y con struido por las mejores autoridades. Eaicion revisada que publico en Nueva York, en 1847, J. Disturneli; de la cual se agrega un ejem plar al presente tratado, firmado y sellado por los plenipotenciarios infrascriptos. Y para evitar toda dificultad al trazar sobre la tierra el limite que separa la Alta de la Baja California, queda convenido que dicho limite consistira en una linea recta tirada desde la mitad del rio Gila en el punto donde 'se une con el Colorado, hasta un punto en la costa del mar Pacifico distante una legua marina al sur del punto mas meridonal del puerto de San Diego, segun este puerto esta dibujado en el plano que le vanto el ano de 1782 el segundo piloto de la armada Espanola Don Juan Pantoja, y se publico en Madrid el de 1802, en el Atlas para el viage de las goletas Sutil y Mexicana, del cual plano se agrega copia firmada y sellada por los plenipotenciarios respectivos. Para consignar la linea divisoria con la precision debida en mapas fehacientes, y pa. ra establecer sobre la tierra mojones que pon gan a la vista los limites de ambas republicas, segun quedan descritos en el presente articulo, nombrara cada uno de los dos gobiernos un comisario y un agrimensor, que se juntaran antes del termino de un ano contado desde la fecha del cange de las ratificaciones de este tratado, en el puerto de San Diego, y procederan a senalar y demarcar la expresa. da linea divisoria en todo su curso hasta la desembocadura del Rio Bravo del Norte. Llevaran diarios y llevantaran planos de sus operaciones y el resultado convenido por ellos se tendra por parte de este tratado, y tendra la misma fuerza que si estuviese inserto en el; debiendo convenir amistosamente los dos gobiernos en el arreglo de cuanto necesiten estos individuos, y en la escolta respectiva que deban llevar, siempre que se crea necesario. : La linea divisoria que se establece por este articulo sera religiosamente respetada por cada una de las dos republicas, y ninguna variacion se hara jamas en ella, sino de expreso y libre consentimiento de ambas naciones, otorgado legalmente por el gobierno general de cada una de ellas, con arreglo a ARTICLE VI. The vessels and citizens of the United States shall, in all time, have a free and uninterrupted passage by the gulf of California, and by the river Colorado below its confluence with the Gila, to and from their possessions situated north of the boundary line defined in the preceding article: it being understood that this passage is to be by navigating the gulf of California and the river Colorado, and not by land, without the express consent of the Mexican government. If, by the examinations which may be made, it should be ascertained to be practicable and advantageous to construct a road, canal, or railway, which should in whole or in part run upon the river Gila, or upon its right or its left bank, within the space of one marine league from either mar gin of the river, the governments of both republics will form an agreement regarding its construction, in order that it may serve equally for the use and advantage of both countries. ARTICLE VII. The river Gila, and the part of the Rio Bravo del Norte lying below the southern boundary of New Mexico, being, agreeably to the fifth article, divided in the middle between the two republics, the navigation of the Gila and of the Bravo below said boundary shall be free and common to the vessels and citizens of both countries; and neither shall, without the consent of the other, construct any work that may impede or interrupt, in whole or in part, the exercise of this right; not even for the purpose of favoring new methods of navigation. Nor shall any tax or contribution, under any denomination or ti tle, be levied upon vessels, or persons navi gating the same, or upon merchandise or effects transported thereon, except in the case of landing upon one of their shores. If, for the purpose of making the said rivers navigable, or for maintaining them in such state, it should be necessary or advantageous to establish any tax or contribution, this shall not be done without the consent of both gov. ernments. The stipulations contained in the present article shall not impair the territorial rights of either republic within its established limits. ARTICLE VIII. Mexicans now established in territories previously belonging to Mexico, and which remain for the future within the limits of the United States, as defined by the present treaty, shall be free to continue where they now reside, or to remove at any time to the Mexican republic, retaining the property which they possess in the said territories, or disposing thereof, and removing the proceeds wherever they please, without their being ARTICULO VI. Los buques y ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos tendran en todo tiempo un libre y no interrumpido transito por el golfo de Califor nia y por el rio Colorado desde su confluencia con el Gila, para sus posesiones y desde sus posesiones sitas al norte de la linea divisoria que queda marcada en el articulo precedente; entendiendose que este transito se ha de ha cer navegando por el golfo de California y por el Rio Colorado, y no por tierra, sin expreso consentimiento del gobierno Medicano. Si por reconocimientos que se practiquen se comprobare la posibilidad y conveniencia de construir un camino, canal, o ferro-carril, que en todo o en parte corra sobre el rio Gila o sobre alguna de sus margenes derecha o izquierda en la latitud de una legua marina de uno o de otro lado del rio, los gobiernos de ambas republicas se pondran de acuerdo sobre su construccion a fin de que sirva igu almente para el uso y provecho de ambos paises. ARTICULO VII. Como el rio Gila y la parte del Rio Bravo del Norte que corre bajo el lindero meridional de Nuevo Mexico se dividen por mitad entre las dos republicas, segun lo establecido en el articulo quinto, la navegacion en el Gila y en la parte que queda indicada del Bravo, sera libre y comun a los buques y ciudadanos de ambos paises, sin que por alguno de ellos pueda hacerse (sin consentimiento del otro) ninguna obra que impida o interrumpa en todo o en parte el ejercicio de este derecho, ni aun con motivo de favorecer nuevos metodos de navegacion. Tampoco se podra cobrar (sino en el caso de desembarco en alguna de sus riberas) ningun impuesto o contribucion bajo ninguna denominacion o titulo a los buques, efectos, mercancias o personas que na veguen en dichos rios. Si para hacerlos o mantenerlors navegables fuere necesario o conveniente establecer alguna contribucion o impuesto, no podra esto hacerse sin el consentimiento de los dos gobiernos. Las estipulaciones contenidas en el presente articulo dejan ilesos los derechos territoriales de una y otra republica dentro de los limites que les quedan marcados. ARTICULO VIII. Los Mexicanos establecidos hoy en territotios pertenecientes antes a Mexico, y que quedan para lo futuro dentro de los limites senalados por el presente tratado a los Esta dos Unidos, podran permanecer en donde ahora habitan, o trasladarse en cualquier tiempo a la republica Mexicana, conservando en los indicados territorios los bienes que poseen, o enagenandolos y pasando su valor a donde les convenga, sin que por esto pueda |