inconsistent with law, or refuse licenses for the exportation or importation of all articles except coin, bullion, or currency. 2. Take the necessary measures to insure the equitable distribution of imported commodities and their consumption in the production of the most essential products. 3. Apply economic pressure on the enemy by preclusive purchaseand by trade negotiations. 4. Administer established price control policies relating to war trade. (See appendix VI.) 5. Provide means for the conservation of ocean tonnage, and for the transportation of necessities by import restrictions and priority control of export shipments. 6. Make effective a policy of reciprocity with other countries whose exports and imports may be influenced by the war. 7. Provide for the conservation of domestic supplies through export restrictions and by obtaining the essential imports from foreign countries. SECTION E.-ADMINISTRATOR The powers and responsibility of the Administration of War Trade are vested in the Administrator who is appointed by the President and to whom he is directly responsible. The Administrator is a member of the Advisory Defense Council. SECTION F.-ADVISORY COMMITTEE This committee is composed of representatives from the State, War, Navy, Agriculture, and Commerce Departments, the Administration of War Industries, and the Shipping Board. The purpose of the committee is to advise in the formulation of policies and plans in order to insure coordinated action by the agencies represented.. SECTION G.-ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAUS 1. Bureau of Administration. The functions of this bureau are to furnish the required personnel,. space, equipment, supplies, and to establish an efficient office practice. 2. Division of Public Relations. The functions of this division are the preparation of authorized publications and their distribution, the operation of the library, clipping service, translation service, and the printing of enemy trading lists and confidential suspect lists. The publications are to be confined to making known to the public the rules and regulations of the War Trade Administration and are not for purposes of propaganda. The director of this Bureau represents the War Trade Administration on the advisory committee of the Administration of Public Relations. (See appendix IV.) 3. Bureau of Branches and Customs. The functions of this bureau include - a. Jurisdiction and management of all branches, cooperative offices, and representatives of the War Trade Administration in the United. States and its possessions. b. Transmitting to customs division of the Treasury Department, Post Office Department, and other agencies, decisions of the War Trade Administration. c. Advising exporters and importers throughout the country how to proceed under the rules of the War Trade Administration and furnishing them with the necessary forms and instructions. d. Performing part of the work in recording and writing many of the licenses issued. The purpose of the branch offices is to bring the War Trade Administration closer to the exporters and importers of the country and lessen the burden which the system of export and import licensing will necessarily place upon the country. SECTION H.-CONTROL BUREAUS 1. Bureau of Imports. The purpose of this bureau is to control imports by a system of licenses in order to obtain essential materials from foreign countries, and to insure their equitable distribution in support of the national effort. The bureau is headed by a director who will have on his staff advisors on commercial, legal, and foreign trade matters. The bureau is divided into three divisions: a. A division of licenses to act upon requests for import licenses. b. A division of interpretation of rulings to pass upon the proper classification of materials to be imported and upon rulings of the administration relating to such materials. c. An administrative division to perform routine duties of office administration. 2. Bureau of Exports. The function of this bureau is to act upon all applications for licenses to export in order to a. Control exports in the interest of conserving essential war materials. b. Place embargoes on exports to neutrals, or to regulate allotments to them in accordance with definite agreements. c. Control export to neutrals in some cases for bargaining purposes. d. Rectify unfavorable tonnage or trade situations with neutrals. To carry out this work the bureau will be divided into a division of trade advisors and a division of trade distributors; the former organized on commodity lines and the latter by countries. The trade advisors make effective the policy of the administration in regard to conservation by controlling the amount of the commodities which may be exported and the distribution of rationed commodities. The trade distributors will act upon all applications for export to the countries or groups of countries which they represent. 3. Bureau of Ocean Shipping. The function of this bureau is to provide means for the conservation of ocean tonnage and for the transportation of necessities by import restrictions and by priority control of export shipments. It will carry out the policies of the War Trade Administration by its control over bunker and ship stores, by refusing or withholding licenses to any vessel not under military control entering the harbors of the United States, and by exercising control over cargoes, destination, and ship activities in general. This bureau will contain a division of records to maintain records of licenses issued, ship movements, ship cargoes, agreements entered into by ship owners, and charterers and operators; a division of corre spondence and ship files to handle correspondence and to maintain records of ship owners, masters of vessels, and parties interested in the transfers of ships, and to maintain a file giving the nationality, type, tonnage, and ownership of all vessels; a division of ship transfers, to approve the transfer of ownership of vessels; an auditor of ship stores to check up the amount of stores carried by any vessel and to see that the authorized amounts are not exceeded; and branch agents in the principal ports. The work of the bureau will be carried on by the collectors of customs at other ports. 4. Bureau of Enemy Trade. The functions of this bureau will be to act upon applications for licenses involving enemy trade; to administer the control, by license, of the continued conduct of business in the United States by enemy concerns; and to grant licenses to enemies or enemy allies to assume or use other names than those by which they were known at the beginning of the war. The bureau will be divided into the necessary divisions to carry out the designated functions. SECTION I.-BUREAUS OF INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH 1. Bureau of Statistics. The functions of this bureau are to furnish statistical service to the agencies of the War Trade Administration; to provide a service for checking the use of licenses, to detect different forms of abuse, such as over-shipment, altering of licenses, etc.; and to supply conversion and stowage factors of commodities for governmental agencies such as the shipping board, War and Navy Departments, Administration of War Industries, etc. 2. Bureau of Research. The function of this bureau is to conduct research for the purpose of obtaining special information concerning actual and potential foreign sources of supply of materials and products critical to the enemy or to the United States. 3. Bureau of War Trade Intelligence. The primary function of this bureau is the determination of the enemy or nonenemy status of persons or firms trading with any person or firm in the United States. The collateral functions are a. To pass on the character of the consignors or consignees named in import and export license applications. b. To supply the Bureau of Enemy Trade with information concerning applicants for license to trade with the enemy, and concerning the character of the persons with whom it is desired to trade. 4. Bureau of Foreign Service. The functions of this bureau are a. To determine the need of war trade representatives in the foreign field. b. To locate, investigate, and employ men to fill these needs and instruct and train them in the requirements of their positions. c. To keep foreign agents supplied with proper equipment and clerical help and advised of the policies and instructions of the board. d. To receive, copy, digest, and distribute reports of foreign agents. SECTION J.-MOBILIZATION The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Department of Commerce has peace-time functions which closely parallel several of those of the War Trade Administration, and is therefore the logical source of trained personnel for the formation of a War Trade Administration. This bureau has offices in the principal cities of the United States and has established contacts with importers and exporters for the dissemination of trade information. These offices have established a routine of communication with traders which could be readily modified to meet the conditions existing in war time. Many of the reasons for which these offices were established, e. g., the promotion of foreign commerce, will cease to exist in war time or will be completely changed by war-time foreign trade policy. These offices will therefore become available for war work as the scope of their normal operations declines. Similarly, the bureau's representatives in foreign countries could be utilized to carry on the foreign contacts in accordance with the changed conditions. SECTION K.-BIBLIOGRAPHY Records of the War Trade Board of the World War now in custody of the State Department. Report of the War Trade Board, June 30, 1919. Industrial America in the World War-Clarkson. Smashing the Home Front-Hoffman. Records of the office of the Assistant Secretary of War and the APPENDIX III.-INDUSTRIAL MOBILIZATION PLAN, 1933, ADMINISTRATION OF WAR LABOR Basic industries division__ Transportation division.. Manufactures and mechanical industries division.... Miscellaneous industries division_. L.-Conciliation and adjustment service: General Director Advisory board_ Federal Labor Arbitration Commission. N.-Regional agencies. O.-Mobilization.. P.-Bibliography 1. General. SECTION A.-INTRODUCTION In time of war the man power of the Nation has two distinct missions; to provide men for the armed forces and to provide men for the maintenance of those armed forces. To meet the needs of the former a portion of the male population within such ages as the Congress may direct will be set aside. In general, the greater portion of the population must be so directed as to meet the necessary requirements 376 380 381 381 123456 381 382 382 382 382 382 1234 E 1234 382 383 383 383 384 384 385 385 385 385 385 386 386 |