were more successful, and the Colonies obtained a good claim to the territory that is now Georgia.

In the North there was a repetition of the scenes of the previous war. Deerfield was attacked on the first of March, 1704, by a party of French and Indians that had come from Canada, using snowshoes to effect the winter's journey. Only one dwelling and the church remained after the fight. Forty-seven of the people were slaughtered, and one hundred and twelve carried away captive, including the minister and his family. Just after sunrise the party began the return march to Canada, a march of distress, torture and death. In 1708, the French planned a more terrible blow, intending to gather an overwhelming force and sweep away as many settlements as possible. The beautiful Lake Winnepesaukee was the place of rendezvous, whence a descent was made upon Haverhill, which was sacked and burned with the most heartrending ruthlessness. On the other hand, the Colonies ravaged the French territory about the Penobscot, and sent an exhibition against Acadie, in 1710, which was successful in permanently wresting Nova Scotia from the French. In 1711, an attempt was made at the capture of Canada by forces contributed by England and the Colonies, but it was frustrated, and the Treaty of Utrecht, signed in the spring of 1713, brought the war to a close.

This had been a war of religions, for both on the Continent and in America, Romanist and Protestant were arrayed against each other. The Protestant English did not relish any increase of power on the part of Romish France, and the Protestant colonies found themselves opposed by Romish Canada, and by

KING GEORGE'S WAR.

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the allies which they supposed had been gained by the arts of the effective missionary priests. The pioneers were inspired with the deepest detestation for the Jesuits, who, they supposed, filled the savages with hatred even more bloodthirsty than they naturally possessed.* The pioneers were not without reasons for their aversion to the Jesuits, for they knew that at times when the savages had become weary of carrying on warfare against weak women and helpless infants, the French continued their murderous work.

After the Treaty of Utrecht, there was peace between England and France, until the death of Charles VI., of Austria (the last of the Habsburgs in the male line), brought about the war of the Austrian Succession, in behalf of his daughter, Maria Theresa, whose claims to the throne were supported by the Protestant countries, England and Holland. The claims of the Elector of Bavaria being supported by France and Spain, war was declared between. France and England March 20, 1744. This is known. as King George's War, after George II., then on the English throne, but in Europe it was called the War of the Austrian Succession. Spain was already at war with England, and, though there had been nominal peace between 1713 and 1744, there were many scenes of carnage.

There was an Indian war in New England in 1722; and in 1723 and 1724, Dover, N. H., was attacked,

*So intense was the feeling, that in 1700, the Legislature of New York passed a law for hanging every Popish priest who voluntarily came into the Province. This is not strange to us who can read the narration of the French Jesuits, in which they exultantly record the most diabolical deeds of the savages as brave and beautiful acts.

and many persons suffered from careless exposure to the skulking foes. The French were constantly inciting the Indians against the English, and the governor of Canada acted through Father Rasle, a priest who had for many years exerted a great influence over the Abenakis, among whom he lived in most cordial relations. During Queen Anne's War, in 1705, an expedition had gone from Massachusetts against Norridgewock, and had burned the wigwams and the chapel in which Rasle officiated at the time. In 1721 an attempt was made to seize the missionary himself, but he escaped, his church was plundered, and his dictionary of the Abenaki language was carried away.*

In July, 1722, war was declared; it lasted three years, and was called "Lovewell's War," from Captain John Lovewell, who, in 1725, commanded an expedition against the Indians, and met death with most of his men, in what is now Fryeburg, Me., May 6, 1725. The Indian settlement was attacked August 23, 1724, and burned, Rasle being killed as he was firing upon the English. The Norridgewock Indians never rallied from this blow. Mr. Whittier describes the devastation in his Mogg Megone:

Castine with his wives lies closely hid
Like a fox in the woods of Pemaquid!
On Sawga's banks the man-of-war
Sits in his wigwam like a squaw,—
Squando has fled, and Mogg Megone,
Struck by the knife of Sagamore John,
Lies stiff and stark and cold as a stone....
White bones are glistening in the sun,

*It is now carefully preserved in the library of Harvard College. The Father's "strong box," captured at the same time, was for some years among the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

LOVEWELL'S WAR.

And where the house of prayer arose,
And the holy hymn, at daylight's close
And the aged priest stood up to bless
The children of the wilderness,

There is naught save ashes sodden and dank;
And the birchen boats of the Norridgewock,
Tethered to tree and stump and rock,
Rotting along the river bank!

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The poet refers to the atrocities of the Indians and suggests the inciting power of the Jesuit in the lines:

Terrible thoughts on his memory crowd

Of evil seen and done,—

Of scalps brought home by his savage flock
From Casco and Sawga and Sagadahock
In the Church's service won!

In 1711 the Tuscarora Indians had incited the smaller tribes about them to unite to exterminate the Colonists in North Carolina, and on the twentysecond of September, all the settlements along the Roanoake and Pamlico Sound were surprised, at a given hour, their houses burned, hundreds slain, and the others turned adrift in the woods. The terrible slaughter lasted several days, only ceasing when there were no victims to be sacrificed. The Tuscaroras had been led to this step by hearing of preparations for a settlement on the Neuse River, by refugees from Switzerland and Germany. The war ended in 1713, and the Tuscaroras went northward, joining the "Five" Nations, making them six.

In 1715, the Yemasses, incited by the Spaniards, allied themselves with the Catawbas and Cherokees, sent the "bloody stick" from tribe to tribe, inviting all to make a desperate assault upon the settlements

from the Cape Fear River to the St. John's, and on Good Friday, April 15, 1715, they attacked the scattered settlements with the madness of revenge. The massacre was as indiscriminate as usual, but the savages were soon met by the more deliberate efforts of civilized warfare, and were routed. They found a place of refuge in Florida, whence they still continued to sally forth from time to time to kill and scalp.

In 1729, the French settlers came in conflict with the Natchez Indians, their commander, Chopart, having demanded the site of their chief village as a plantation. The French were attacked on the twentyeight of November, and every one of the settlers was murdered before noon. Exactly two months later, the Indians were attacked by other Frenchmen and many of them killed. The tribe was scattered, and more than four hundred were sold as slaves to go to Hispaniola. In this war the French were aided by the Choctaws.

The French had begun their settlement of Louisiana at Biloxi (now in the territory of Mississippi), in 1699, under Lemoine d'Iberville, and in 1702, the chief body of the settlers had been removed to Mobile. The southwestern possessions of France were vast, but her hold upon them was of the feeblest. In 1717 a new project was launched, which was expected to pay the immense French debt, to develop the territory of Louisiana, and to increase the importance of France. It was the celebrated "Mississippi Bubble," organized by John Law, a refugee from English justice, who, in 1710, induced the French ministry to accept a plan which he afterwards developed into a grander scheme, getting a charter for a bank in 1716, and in 1718, daz