to work assisting his father and doing every kind of service required in a grocery store. In 1901 Mr. Bragdon married Muriel B. Ellington, daughter of Chalmus G. and Emma (Fisher) Ellington, of Pendleton, Indiana. They have one child, Glenna Frances, born in 1903.

After his marriage Mr. Bragdon worked at different occupations at Anderson and Pendleton and finally became a clerk in the office of the superintendent of motive power for the Union Traction Company at Anderson. He was there until 1906, when on account of failing health he spent seven months recuperating at Houston, Texas. On returning to Indiana he located at Pendleton and for several years was a motorman with the Union Traction Company. He became actively interested in organized labor and being very popular with his fellow workmen was elected president of the Anderson branch of the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electrical Railway Employes. Upon Mr. Bragdon devolved the responsibility of calling the strike which almost completely paralyzed interurban transportation over the Union Traction Lines for three months in 1910. The events of the strike are still familiar history in the minds of all the residents of Anderson, Muncie and other cities. The militia was finally put in charge of the situation, and after three months the strikers lost their cause and Mr. Bragdon as one of the strike leaders was of course summarily dismissed from the service of the company. Following that he returned to Lawrence, Indiana, his birthplace, and afterward did contract work at Fort Benjamin Harrison and also at Lawton, Oklahoma. For a time he sold cigars in Southern Oklahoma, and then became manager of a cigar store in Oklahoma City. After a year he returned to Pendleton, Indiana, and for two years was associated with the Dishler Company Cigar Store. He resigned and bought a cigar store in Pendleton, operated it three years, and in 1915 established himself in the automobile agency business, representing the Chevrolet car in Marion County. Later he secured the agency for the southern half of Madison County and in April, 1917, returned to Anderson and opened his place of business at 1921 Central Avenue and 109 East Ninth Street. He became one of the principal automobile distributors in Eastern Indiana and conducted a prosper

ous business with the several cars and tractors he represented. Mr. Bragdon is a republican in politics and a member of the Methodist Church.

On April 9, 1918, after settling his business affairs, Mr. Bragdon answered the call of his country and was sent to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. From there he was sent to Camp Hancock, Georgia, and from there to Camp Merritt, New Jersey, where he sailed for France after being in the service one month. In October he was gassed while lost in the Argonne forest and was sent into the Alps mountains to recuperate. After regaining his health he was promoted to ordnance sergeant the highest rank given in the Ordnance department. Ordnance Sergeant Bragdon has been in France over a year.

CHARLES WARREN FAIRBANKS, former vice president of the United States, was born near Unionville Center, Union County, Ohio, May 11, 1852, son of Loriston Monroe and Mary Adelaide (Smith) Fairbanks. His first American ancestor was Jonathan Fayerbanck, who landed in Boston in 1633 with his wife Grace Lee. He was a native of Sowerby, in the West Riding of Yorkshire and a Puritan of the extremest stamp. Not liking certain ways of the church in Boston, he pushed on to Dedham, Massachusetts, where he erected a large house of massive oaken timbers, which is still standing. Charles Warren Fairbanks is the ninth descendant from Jonathan. His grandfather, Luther, was born at Swansey, New Hampshire, and his father, Loriston Monroe, was born at Barnard, Vermont (1824), but made his way to Central Ohio in 1837 where he engaged in farming and wagon-making. The boy was a strong and vigorous youth with a predominating love for books. At the age of fifteen he was ready to enter the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, and was graduated there in 1872. With the help of his uncle, William Henry Smith, who was general manager of the Western Associated Press, he secured a position as agent of the press association at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and later at Cleveland, Ohio. Here he found ample time while agent to pursue the study of law, and after spending one term in the Cleveland Law School, was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1874. He began

the practice of his profession in Indianapolis, which has ever since been his home. He is said to have had but one criminal case during his whole law experience, his conspicuous bent being in the direction of industrial, transportation and commercial affairs. Large institutions in Indiana and the surrounding states became his clients and he conducted their suits and guided their operations with wise and farseeing judgment. For some time he kept aloof from politics, except to take part in the caucuses and movements of his party in his immediate neighborhood, but in 1888 he took charge of the presidential campaign of his friend, Walter Q. Gresham. At this time Indiana had two candidates for the presidency-Judge Gresham and Gen. Benjamin Harrison, and one of the most strenuously contested state campaigns followed, the result being that the Indiana delegates voted for General Harrison. Judge Gresham in the meantime had secured enough delegates in other states to give him second place when the balloting opened in the republican national convention at Chicago, John Sherman of Ohio leading. James G. Blaine had the next largest following, which was thrown to Harrison to prevent the nomination of Sherman and controlled the nomination. Mr. Fairbanks was an influential participant in every campaign of his party since that time. He was a delegate to all of the national conventions since 1896, except those of 1908 and 1916, when he was a candidate for the presidency. He secured the Indiana delegates for McKinley in 1896 and at the latter's personal request was made temporary chairman of the St. Louis convention, at which McKinley was nominated, and delivered what is known as the "keynote" speech of the campaign. In 1892, in a speech before the Indiana state convention, Mr. Fairbanks warned his party and the country against the tendency of both parties toward free silver, and in 1896 he prepared and pushed through the convention of his state one of the first antifree silver platforms adopted in this country. The party leaders attempted to induce him to omit any reference to silver, fearing that an anti-silver plank would defeat the ticket, but he carried it to a decisive victory, recovering the Legislature of his state from the democrats and receiving the election to the United States Senate on

January 20, 1897, by the unanimous vote of the republican members. He took his seat while Major McKinley was being sworn in as President, and always remained a firm supporter of the national administration. In the convention which met in Philadelphia in 1900 he was made chairman of the committee on resolutions which reported the platform on which McKinley was renominated and re-elected by a triumphant majority. In 1902 he was a candidate to succeed himself and carried the Legislature by the largest majority but one in its history and was unanimously re-elected on January 20, 1903. In the Senate he served as chairman of the committee on immigration and on the committees on census, claims, geological survey and public buildings and grounds until 1901, when he was made chairman of the committee on public buildings and grounds and a member of the committees on the judiciary, Pacific Island and Porto Rico, relations with Canada, immigration and geological survey. In 1903, while continuing as chairman of the committee on public buildings and grounds, his other assignments were changed to the judiciary, foreign relations, Canadian relations, coast and insular survey, geological survey and immigration. His first speech in the Senate was in opposition to Senator Morgan's resolution directing the President to recognize the belligerency of the Cuban insurgents. In 1902 when the French West India Island of Martinque was devastated by the terrible eruption of Mount Pelee he presented a resolution of appropriation for the relief of the sufferers, which was promptly passed by both houses and for which service he received the thanks of the French republic. When the bill that provided for constructing the Panama Canal was under consideration he gave it his earnest support, and offered an amendment which provided for the issuance of bonds to partially defray the expense of the enterprise, thereby, eliminating the danger of having to suspend the work of construction for the want of ready funds and spreading the cost over the future instead of loading the entire burden upon the people of today. Under the protocol of May, 1898, a joint high commission was to be appointed by the United States and Great Britain for settling the Alaska boundary dispute and eleven other matters that had been irritat

ing the two countries, such as the fur seal, Northeastern fisheries, reciprocal mining rights, bonding goods for transit through each other's territory, the Rush-Bagot agreement of 1817 restricting armed vessels on the Great Lakes, reciprocity, etc. President McKinley appointed Senator Fairbanks a member and chairman of this commission. The other members of the commission were, Nelson Dingley, John W. Foster, John A. Kasson, Charles J. Faulkner and T. Jefferson Coolidge. Numerous sessions were held both in Quebec and Washington in 1898, 1899, 1901 and 1902. The commission tentatively agreed upon many of the questions in dispute but the British commissioners refused to settle any without an adjustment of the boundary question. They proposed that that subject be submitted to arbitration. Upon such an agreement they would proceed to close definitely the questions which were practically agreed upon. In opposing this proposition Senator Fairbanks observed: "We cannot submit to a foreign arbitrator the determination of the Alaska coast line under the treaty between the United States and Russia of 1867. That coast line was established by the convention of 1825 between Great Britain and Russia. This line has been carefully safeguarded by Russia, and the United States has invariably insisted that it should not be broken. Its integrity was never questioned by Great Britain until after the protocol of May, 1898. Much as we desire to conclude the questions which we have practically determined, we cannot consent to settle them upon the condition that we must abandon to the chance of a European arbitrator a part of the domain of the United States upon which American citizens have actually built their homes and created industries long prior to any suggestion from Great Britain that she had any claim of right thereto." In 1899 President McKinley sent Mr. Fairbanks to Alaska to ascertain any possible facts which might have a bearing upon the interpretation of the boundary dispute. Mr. Fairbanks proposed on behalf of the American commission that a joint tribunal composed of three jurists of repute from each country be vested to determine the boundary, a decision of a majority of the commissioners to be final. Great Britain declined this proposition and the commission adjourned subject to recall.

Subsequently the method of settlement proposed by Mr. Fairbanks was agreed upon by the two countries through direct negotiation and after an elaborate hearing the contention of the United States was sustained, one of the British commissioners, the Lord Chief Justice of England, having concurred in the contention of the American commissioners. In the republican party convention of 1904 Mr. Fairbanks was unanimously nominated vice president as the running mate of Theodore Roosevelt. He was elected by a large plurality and discharged the duties of his office with dignity and a true sense of fairness. In 1908 his name was prominently mentioned for the presidential nomination. After his retirement from office, accompanied by Mrs. Fairbanks, he made a tour of the world. In 1916 he was again nominated for vice president on the ticket with Judge Charles E. Hughes. The election was unusually close, but President Wilson was returned to office.

Mr. Fairbanks was a trustee of Ohio Wesleyan University, De Pauw University and the American University. Ohio Wesleyan conferred upon him the degree LL. D. in 1901. He received the same degree from Baker University (1903), Iowa State University (1903) and Northwestern University (1907). Until a short time before his death he was president of the Methodist Episcopal Hospital of Indiana, the Indiana Forestry Association and a regent of the Smithsonian Institution.

Mr. Fairbanks married in 1874 Cornelia, daughter of Judge P. B. Cole of Marysville, Ohio. She was a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, an active worker in the affairs of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution and its president for two terms, 1901-1905; a promoter of the Junior Republic movement and prominent in benevolent activities. She died in 1913.

During the early summer of 1918 the American people followed for several weeks with much anxiety the continued reports of Mr. Fairbanks' illness and decline. He died at his Indianapolis home June 4, 1918. Sober thinking Americans regard his death the more keenly because he had apparently not yet exhausted his powers and his opportunities for great national usefulness. And such men as Charles W. Fairbanks are needed now and will be needed in the

the practice of his profession in Indianapolis, which has ever since been his home. He is said to have had but one criminal case during his whole law experience, his conspicuous bent being in the direction of industrial, transportation and commercial affairs. Large institutions in Indiana and the surrounding states became his clients and he conducted their suits and guided their operations with wise and farseeing judgment. For some time he kept aloof from politics, except to take part in the caucuses and movements of his party in his immediate neighborhood, but in 1888 he took charge of the presidential campaign of his friend, Walter Q. Gresham. At this time Indiana had two candidates for the presidency-Judge Gresham and Gen. Benjamin Harrison, and one of the most strenuously contested state campaigns followed, the result being that the Indiana delegates voted for General Harrison. Judge Gresham in the meantime had secured enough delegates in other states to give him second place when the balloting opened in the republican national convention at Chicago, John Sherman of Ohio. leading. James G. Blaine had the next largest following, which was thrown to Harrison to prevent the nomination of Sherman and controlled the nomination. Mr. Fairbanks was an influential participant in every campaign of his party since that time. He was a delegate to all of the national conventions since 1896, except those of 1908 and 1916, when he was a candidate for the presidency. He secured the Indiana delegates for McKinley in 1896 and at the latter's personal request was made temporary chairman of the St. Louis convention, at which McKinley was nominated, and delivered what is known as the "keynote" speech of the campaign. In 1892, in a speech before the Indiana state convention, Mr. Fairbanks warned his party and the country against the tendency of both parties toward free silver, and in 1896 he prepared and pushed through the convention of his state one of the first antifree silver platforms adopted in this country. The party leaders attempted to induce him to omit any reference to silver, fearing that an anti-silver plank would defeat the ticket, but he carried it to a decisive victory, recovering the Legislature of his state from the democrats and receiving the election to the United States Senate on

January 20, 1897, by the unanimous vote of the republican members. He took his seat while Major McKinley was being sworn in as President, and always remained a firm supporter of the national administration. In the convention which met in Philadelphia in 1900 he was made chairman of the committee on resolutions which reported the platform on which McKinley was renominated and re-elected by a triumphant majority. In 1902 he was a candidate to succeed himself and carried the Legislature by the largest majority but one in its history and was unanimously re-elected on January 20, 1903. In the Senate he served as chairman of the committee on immigration and on the committees on census, claims, geological survey and public buildings and grounds until 1901, when he was made chairman of the committee on public buildings and grounds and a member of the committees on the judiciary, Pacific Island and Porto Rico, relations with Canada, immigration and geological survey. In 1903, while continuing as chairman of the committee on public buildings and grounds, his other assignments were changed to the judiciary, foreign relations, Canadian relations, coast and insular survey, geological survey and immigration. His first speech in the Senate was in opposition to Senator Morgan's resolution directing the President to recognize the belligerency of the Cuban insurgents. In 1902 when the French West India Island of Martinque was devastated by the terrible eruption of Mount Pelee he presented a resolution of appropriation for the relief of the sufferers, which was promptly passed by both houses and for which service he received the thanks of the French republic. When the bill that provided for constructing the Panama Canal was under consideration he gave it his earnest support, and offered an amendment which provided for the issuance of bonds to partially defray the expense of the enterprise, thereby, eliminating the danger of having to suspend the work of construction for the want of ready funds and spreading the cost over the future instead of loading the entire burden upon the people of today. Under the protocol of May, 1898, a joint high commission was to be appointed by the United States and Great Britain for settling the Alaska boundary dispute and eleven other matters that had been irritat