signer of the Declaration of Independence. The founder of the family in Indiana was his grandfather, Riley Marshall, who about the close of the second war with Great Britain came from Greenbrier County, Virginia, and located first in Randolph County and later in Grant County, where he acquired 640 acres of land, including the site of the present City of Marion. Riley Marshall was one of the first Board of County Commissioners of Grant County and first clerk of the Circuit Court. The family were long prominent at Marion.

One of his sons was Dr. Daniel M. Marshall, father of the vice president. He was born in Randolph County March 5, 1823, was well educated for the profession of medicine, and gave almost a half century of devoted service in that capacity to the people of Northern Indiana. Though a democrat, he was an opponent of slavery and a stanch Union man. For a year or so before the outbreak of the war he endeavored to practice medicine at LaGrange, Missouri, but his uncompromising attitude toward slavery made his residence there so unpleasant that he returned to Indiana. At different times he maintained his professional headquarters at Wabash, North Manchester and Pierceton. He died in Columbia City, Indiana, October 10, 1892. Doctor Marshall married Martha E. Patterson, who passed away December 5, 1894. Both were active members of the Presbyterian Church. Of their children, a son and daughter, Vice President Marshall is the only survivor.

Thomas Riley Marshall was born at North Manchester, Wabash County, Indiana, March 14, 1854. His early education was unusually thorough. He attended public schools, and from there entered old Wabash College at Crawfordsville, where he was graduated A. B. in 1873 and A. M. in 1876. His alma mater honored him with the degree LL. D. in 1909, and he has had similar honors from Notre Dame University in 1910, University of Pennsylvania in 1911, University of North Carolina in 1913 and University of Maine in 1914. While in college Mr. Marshall was made a Phi Beta Kappa, a fraternity of which his kinsman, Chief Justice John Marshall, was the founder.

From Wabash College Mr. Marshall removed to Fort Wayne and began the study of law under Judge Walter Olds, who later

became a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court. He was admitted to the Indiana bar on his twenty-first birthday, in 1875. The previous year he had taken up his home at Columbia City, where he still has his legal place of residence. There for the next thirty years he gave an undeviating attention to a growing practice as a lawyer. He was a member of the firm Marshall & McNagny from 1876 to 1892, and from the latter year until he was inaugurated governor was head of the firm Marshall, McNagny & Clugston.

An apt characterization of his work as a lawyer and as a citizen was written about the time he made his campaign for governor in the following words: "His practice now extends throughout northern Indiana. He is a lawyer of note, who serves corporations and all other clients alike, but is not of the sort that forgets principle and duty to his fellow men in the furtherance of the interests of a corporate client who seeks to array greed against public interests. He has been an important factor in many of the most famous criminal trials in this part of the state, and his pleading before juries always attracts throngs to the court room. He is well known as a political and court orator. Mr. Marshall is associated in the practice of law with W. E. McNagny and P. H. Clugston. Mr. Marshall has been a candidate only once before in his political career. In 1880 he was induced to take the nomination for prosecuting attorney in what was then a strong republican district and was defeated. As a party leader Mr. Marshall has always been known for his diligence. In 1896 and 1898 he was chairman of the Twelfth District Democratic Committee and did much hard work for the party, making speeches all over the northern end of the state. He has always been known for his liberality toward the other fellow's campaign fund, but when it comes down to his own campaign he stands squarely on the platform of anti-currency. He is called old-fashioned because of his ideas about a campaign fund for himself, but he declares it is a principle that is imbedded in his soul."

Mr. Marshall achieved the distinction of leading the democratic party to victory in the State of Indiana in the campaign of 1908, and entered upon his duties as governor the following January. It is sufficient to say that Indiana had a thoroughly

progressive administration during the next four years, and his record as governor not only strengthened the party in the confidence of the people so as to insure the victory of the state ticket in 1912, but it made Thomas R. Marshall one of the dominant figures in the middle west, and as such his selection as running mate of Woodrow Wilson was justified not only on the score of political expediency but by real fitness for the responsibilities and possibilities of that office. Merely as a matter of record for the future it should be noted that he was renominated for the office of vice president at the St. Louis Convention of 1916 and his second term as vice president extends from 1917 to 1921.

Mr. Marshall has for many years been a trustee of Wabash College. He is a member of the Phi Gamma Delta College fraternity, of the Presbyterian Church, and has attained the supreme honorary thirtythird degree in Scottish Rite Masonry. October 2, 1895, Mr. Marshall married Miss Lois Kimsey, of Angola, Indiana. Her father, William E. Kimsey, was for many years an influential citizen of Steuben County and held various positions of public trust.

HON. SAMUEL M. RALSTON, the centennial governor of Indiana, is a figure of enduring interest to the people of Indiana not only because of his services as chief executive from 1913 to 1917, but also for his rare and forceful personality and individual character.

His Americanism is a matter of interesting record. His great-grandfather, Andrew Ralston, was born in Scotland, February 25, 1753, and when a very young boy came with his parents to this country. The family settled in Eastern Pennsylvania. With the exception of Andrew and his sister his father's entire family was massacred by the Indians. Later he entered the Revolutionary war and served seven years and four months in the Continental army. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment. He was taken prisoner on Long Island August 27, 1776, and was wounded at the battle of Brandywine.

After the war Andrew Ralston married Sophia Waltemeyer. Among the children born to them was David Ralston, who married Sarah Wickard. While they were liv

ing in Pennsylvania their son John, father of former Governor Ralston, was born June 8, 1811.

In the maternal line Governor Ralston is a grandson of Alexander Scott, who was born in Ireland in 1775 and came at an early day to Pennsylvania. He married Gertrude Kerr, who belonged to a prominent and talented family in Adams County, Pennsylvania. Among the children born to them was Sarah on March 31, 1821, mother of Samuel M. Ralston. The latter therefore is of Scotch-Irish blood, the blood that has given to this country so many of its great leaders.

David Ralston, with his wife and only child, John, went to Ohio to live, and shortly after making his new home in the woods he died, leaving John three years old. The Scotts also became residents of Ohio. It was in Ohio that John Ralston and Sarah Scott married, and while they were living on a farm near New Cumberland, Tuscarawas County, Samuel Moffett Ralston was born December 1, 1857.

In 1865, when he was in his eighth year, his parents moved to Owen County, Indiana, where his father purchased and operated a large stock farm and where he lived until 1873. Financial reverses, resulting from the panic of that year, overtook his father, who had been a successful farmer and livestock dealer, and served to deprive the growing boy, then sixteen years old, of many advantages he otherwise would have enjoyed.

His parents were Presbyterians, and a religious atmosphere pervaded their home, in which they had and reared eight children, four boys and four girls. The father was for more than forty years an elder in the Presbyterian Church. His mother was a most kind hearted woman, strongly attached to her home, and always interested in the appearance and welfare of her children.

Samuel knew trials and difficulties without number, on the farm, in the butcher business and in the coal mine but he bore them cheerfully and never ceased in his efforts to fit himself for a higher calling. For seven years he taught school during the winter mouths and attended school during the summer. He was graduated August 1, 1884, in the scientific course of the Central Indiana Normal College at Danville, Indiana.

While attending school at Danville Mr. Ralston made the acquaintance of Miss Jennie Craven, of Hendricks County, a woman of great strength of character whom he married December 30, 1889. Mr. and Mrs. Ralston have three children: Emmet Grattan, a graduate of Purdue University and an electrical engineer; Julian Craven, a graduate of Indiana University and an assistant in the passport division in the office of secretary of state at Washington; and Ruth, now a student at De Pauw University.

Their home has always been known for its hospitality, amiability and cheer. As is usual in such fortunate marriages, the superior mental and moral endowments of the wife are a constant source of encouragement and inspiration to the husband. Mr. Ralston experiences real pleasure in saying he owes much to the good sense and genuineness of her nature, and, above all, to her high standard of life. Mrs. Ralston is a much loved woman in Indiana. These years of happy domestic life have fixed in each the fundamental principles of sane and sound living.

Mr. Ralston read law in the office of Robinson & Fowler at Spencer, Owen County, Indiana. He took up his legal studies in September, 1884, and was admitted to the bar in the Owen Circuit Court January 1, 1886. In the following June he entered upon the practice of his profession at Lebanon, Boone County, Indiana. Here he enjoyed a paying practice until he went to the governor's office.

Politically Mr. Ralston has always been identified with the democratic party. He was his party's candidate for joint senator for Boone, Clinton and Montgomery counties in 1888, but went to defeat with his party in a republican district. Twice he was a candidate for secretary of state, respectively in 1896 and 1898, and was defeated for the nomination for governor in 1908 by Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.

In 1912 there were expressions all over the state that now had come the time to nominate "Sam Ralston" for governor. So conclusive were the reasons that, though it was well known that several able men were ambitious to be honored with the nomination, when the convention assembled in Tomlinson Hall March 17, 1912, no other name than that of Samuel M. Ralston was

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presented for governor, and his nomination followed by acclamation.

Something of an explanation of this evidence of genuine popularity was furnished by two unique demonstrations in Mr. Ralston's home town, Lebanon, participated in by all of Boone County. At one of these gatherings former Judge B. S. Higgins, before whom Mr. Ralston had practiced for six years and with whom he had tried cases for many more years spoke thus: "Mr. Ralston is the most courageous man I ever knew. He is the fairest man in debate I ever saw in court. His magnanimity is as large as humanity. Were I Mr. Ralston I should regard these tributes from my friends and neighbors spoken voluntarily and sincerely this afternoon as a greater honor than any other that could come; greater than to be governor; greater than to be United States senator; greater than to be the occupant of the White House and wield the scepter over the greatest of earth's republics; greater than all these is it to have lived in the midst of his neighbors in this little city and to have won and to have deserved these words of love and appreciation from those who have known him longest and best."

More noteworthy, perhaps, was the meeting held by the women of the same locality, regardless of all political affiliations. They said of him: "We, the women of Boone county, appreciate to the highest extent the honor that would be ours could we give to our state her governor. Mr. Ralston came to Lebanon a good many years ago, when he was a young man. Here he brought Mrs. Ralston a bride, and here their children were born. So when we, the women of the county, and more strictly the women of Lebanon, say that this meeting is an expression of our regard, we speak with understanding. We are here in great numbers as a tribute to a friend of our homes, a friend to our children, a friend to our schools, a friend to our churches, a friend to the friendless, a friend of the whole community, and, if called to the governorship, as we hope he will be, the great state of Indiana will never have a more loyal or true friend than Samuel M. Ralston.'

It now remains to review some of the outstanding facts of the service into which he was initiated after the remarkable campaign of 1912, when Mr. Ralston was elected governor by an unprecedented plu

rality. The destiny of events made him governor at the centennial of Indiana's admission to the Union, and it has been well said that no other governor during the one hundred years of statehood, with the single exception of War Governor Morton, had . been so continuously confronted with situations requiring the greatest of courage and strength than had the centennial governor.

Governor Ralston's remarkable strength of body and mind, his quick and sure insight into the intricacies of civic machinery, his readiness for instant action, gave him a wonderful mastery over the details of his office and made him a most excellent judge of state and economic problems. Courage and determination marked his conduct while in office. No selfish consideration could persuade him from a judgment that he pronounced sound and that called for prompt and efficient action. The keynote of his administration is doubtless found in the inaugural address of January 13, 1913, in the course of which he said: "As governor I shall have no favorites in the execution of the law, and let it now be understood that I shall hold that the mind which devises a scheme that is in violation of law is guiltier than the dependent hands that execute the offense in obedience to orders."

That Governor Ralston is a man possessed of real courage was strikingly illustrated during the great street car strike in Indianapolis in October and November, 1913. The strike had, with premeditation, been called on the eve of the city election in the hope of embarrassing the executive by the necessity of calling out the troops to avert a riot and insurrection.

The gov

ernor had up to this time been unsuccessful in effecting an adjustment between the striking employes and the traction company. The mayor insisted that the governor call a special session of the Legislature and procure the passage of a compulsory arbitration law. The Merchants Association and business interests demanded that the governor call out the National Guard to establish order. The union men protested that such an act would precipitate riot and bloodshed such as had never been seen before.

On the night of November 5th the governor called out the entire National Guard. At noon on the following day many thousands of the strikers and their sympathizers

gathered on the lawn about the south door of the State House, protesting against the calling out of the troops. The cry was started for the governor to address them. Contrary to the solicitous advice of friends the governor appeared on the State House steps. Then followed a speech that not only allayed fear and apprehension, but broke the backbone of the strike. The governor spoke without preparation, but with profound thoughtfulness, and the men went away assured in their hearts that they had a friend in the governor's chair; that he knew their burdens and was willing to share these with them. Capital knew that he was a man who could not be stampeded by shouts and demands. With the exercise of keen personal judgment and rare courage, Governor Ralston was able to control the situation. He refused to put the troops into the streets to force the immediate action of the cars, but demanded that the street car company through him treat with the strikers. His firmness won the day. His services as arbitrator were effective and the City of Indianapolis returned to normal life.

Under the leadership of Governor RalIston the Legislatures of 1913 and 1915 passed many acts for the protection of the working man and the betterment of his working and living conditions and the protection of society. Laws were passed providing for the prohibition of the sale of habit-forming drugs, for the conservation of our natural resources, development of livestock industry, prevention of tuberculosis, for industrial aid to the blind, for the regulation of hospital and tenement houses, and for securing a supply of pure water and the establishment of children's playgrounds. In 1915 there was passed, with the support of the governor, a law that effectually stamped out the social evil and abolished the redlight district. Two of the outstanding pieces of constructive legislation of his administration were the Public Utilities Law and the Vocational Educational Act.

The state educational institutions had for years been embarrassed for the want of funds. Governor Ralston favored putting them on a safe financial basis, and this his administration did. As governor he was and as a private citizen he has always been a strong advocate of popular education.

Governor Ralston favored the creation of

the United States army, whom he named for brigadier-general. Brigadier-General Lewis was a graduate of West Point Military Academy, and was the first brigadiergeneral the state ever had in charge of an Indiana brigade.

For many years Indiana carried a heavy debt. It had been an issue in every campaign of more or less consequence for forty years, but no party and no leader had been willing to take a stand for its early liquidation. Governor Ralston was, and before his administration closed the state paid the last cent it owed, and for the first time in eighty years was out of debt, with $3,755,997.98 in its treasury, when he went out of office.

Realizing the important part good roads play in our civilization, Governor Ralston in 1914 appointed a non-partisan highway commission, composed of five distinguished citizens of the state. In the spring of 1915 he called a meeting of the governors of seven states for the purpose of considering the construction of a National Highway from Chicago to Jacksonville, Florida, to be known as the Dixie Highway. The meeting was held in Chattanooga in April, 1915, and is regarded as the greatest highway meeting ever held both in point of attendance and importance of the scheme under consideration.

Under his administration a State Park system was inaugurated and Turkey Run, picturesque and beautiful, was saved to the state and generations to come.

Early Monday morning, June 18, 1916, the national government called the Indiana National Guard into Federal Service on account of the Mexican border trouble. In response to this call the Guard was mobilized, recruited to war strength, and the regimental and brigade organizations completed with dispatch and efficiency through the assistance of the governor's able adjutant general, Franklin L. Bridges, and without any man's merits being disregarded through partisan prejudices.

This was the only time in Indiana's history that she furnished the federal government a completed brigade organization. The governor put it under the command

The One Hundredth Anniversary of Perry's Victory and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg were celebrated, and the Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco was held during Governor Ralston's administration. He represented his state and made an appropriate speech on each of these events. He was the friend of the old soldier throughout his administration, and in its report to him the commission that had charge of the Gettysburg celebration says: "To your Excellency, who from first to last has been the friend of this movement, going with us to Gettysburg, staying with us while there, coming home with us on our return, and thus making yourself thoroughly one of us, the Commission cannot adequately express its thanks."

Great as were the services he rendered the state there was no bluster or pretense about the centennial governor. He pursued the even tenor of his way and his acts met with the approval, with but few exceptions, of the entire press of Indiana. The opposition with which he was met from the press was due to political reasons and to the fact that he would not receive his orders from the editorial room of any newspaper.

Governor Ralston in his final message to the Legislature January 5, 1917, just before retiring from office as governor, recommended for passage a great number of important bills. They were progressive measures and showed him to be strong in his sympathy with the people. One interested in state affairs will profit by reading these messages.

Governor Ralston has an abiding faith in the destiny of our nation and in its ability to overcome all difficulties to which it may be subjected. He proved himself strong, efficient and faithful in guiding with a master hand the affairs of the state that has always been ready to do its share of the nation's work.

As chief of the commonwealth he rose to social eminence without forgetting the humble homes. He was always careful to