Contents. THE COLONIZATION OF NEW FRANCE (1608-1750). 107. References, p. 245.- - 108. Settlement of Canada (1608-1629), p. 246. 109. Exploration of the Northwest (1629-1699), p. 247. political conditions, p. 249. III. Intercolonial wars (1628-1697), p. 252. -112. Frontier wars THE CONTINENTAL COLONIES FROM 1700 TO 1750. 118. References, p 264.119. Population (1700-1750), 122. Schemes of colonial union (1690-1754), p. 269.123. Quarrels with royal governors (1700-1750), p. 271. 124. Governors of southern colonies, p. 272. - 125. Governors of middle colonies, p. 273. 126. Governors of New England colonies, p. 275.-127. Effect of the French wars (1700-1750), p. 277. 128. Economic condi- tions, p. 278. - 129. Political and social conditions LIST OF MAPS. I. Physical Features of the United States. 2. North America, 1650 3. English Colonies in North America, 1700. End of volume. 4. North America, 1750. End of volume. EPOCHS OF AMERICAN HISTORY. THE COLONIES. 1492-1750. CHAPTER I. THE LAND AND THE NATIVE RACES. 1. References. Bibliographies. — Lalor's Cyclopædia of Political Science, i. 74 ; iii. 1019; Allen's History Topics; Old South Leaflets, 5th Series, No. 2, and 8th Series, No. 2; Winsor's Narrative and Critical History, vols. i., ii.; Foster's Monthly Reference Lists, iii. 5-7; Foster's References to the Constitution, p. 9. Historical Maps.- No. 1, this volume; MacCoun's Historical Geography of the United States; Ridpath's United States, p. 56; Bancroft (ed. 1860), iii. 240; Maps in Winsor, vols. i., ii. General Accounts.- The historical significance of the geography of the United States is outlined in Doyle's English Colonies in America, i. 5-8; Draper's Civil War in America, i. 39-62; Shaler, in Winsor's Narrative and Critical History, vol. iv., pp. i-xxx; and Ratzel's Vereinigte Staaten, vol. i. ch. 2. — For topographical descriptions of the country, consult: Whitney's United States, pp. 1-128; H. H. Bancroft's History of the Northwest Coast, i. 404-411, 616–648; and Hinsdale's Old Northwest, pp. 1-5. For an account of prehistoric man in America, see Nadaillac's Prehistoric America; Bryant and Gay's History of the United States, i. 1-34; Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, i. 329-444; Report on Mound Exploration in Bureau of Ethnology Report for 1887; Morgan's Ancient Society; and J. W. Powell's article in the Forum, viii. 489. — For information upon the Red Indians, see Introduction to Parkman's Jesuits in North America, and his Conspiracy of Pontiac, i. 1-45; Bancroft's His tory of the United States (final ed.), ii. 86-136; Hildreth's History of the United States, i. 50-70; H. H. Bancroft's Native Races of the Pacific States, i. 1-28; Short's North Americans of Antiquity; Catlin's North American Indians; Drake's Aboriginal Races of North America; Ellis's Red Man and White Man in North America; Ridpath's Popular History of the United States, pp. 41-50; Doyle's English Colonies, i. 8-17. The mass of literature on mound-builders and the Indians is enormous, and reference can only here be made to a few notable studies in easily accessible works. J. H. Morgan in various publications attacks the theory of a high Mexican civilization, and is supported by various publications of the Peabody Museum of American Antiquities. Special Histories. - An account of the Southern Indians at the opening of the Revolution is given in Roosevelt's Winning of the West, i. 49-100. Consult H. H. Bancroft's Native Races of the Pacific States for detailed treatment of that section of the Union. The Iroquois are treated in Stone's Life of Brant, Life of Red Jacket, and Border Wars of the American Revolution; Morgan's League of the Iroquois; and Colden's Five Indian Nations. Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac covers the greatest Indian uprising in history. Palfrey's New England, vol. i. chaps. i., ii., treats of the land and Indians of that section. Contemporary Accounts. - Champlain's Voyages; Charlevoix; John Smith's True Relation (1608); Morton's New English Canaan (1637), reprinted with historical notes by Edwin D. Mead in Old South Leaflets, 8th Series, No. 2. 2. Physical Characteristics of North America. WHENCE came the native races of America? Doubtless the chain of Aleutian islands served as steppingstones for straggling bands of Asiatics to cross over Origin of the into continental Alaska many centuries ago; native races, others may have traversed the ice-bridge of Bering's Strait; possibly prehistoric vessels from China, Japan, or the Malay peninsula were blown upon our shores by westerly hurricanes, or drifted hither upon the ocean currents of the Pacific. There are striking similarities between the flora on each shore of the North Pacific; and the Eskimos of North America, like the CH. I.] a mere mat ture. West-Slope Indians of South America, have been thought to exhibit physical resemblances to the Monter of conjec- gols and Malays. On the other hand, it seems well established that men as far advanced as the present Eskimos followed the retreating ice cap of the last glacial epoch. In the absence of positive historical evidence, the origin of the native peoples of America is a mere matter of conjecture. Difficulties tion from the west. North America could not, in a primitive stage of the mechanic arts, have been developed by colonization on any considerable scale from the west, except of coloniza- in the face of difficulties almost insuperable. The Pacific coast of the country is dangerous to approach; steep precipices frequently come down to the shore, and the land everywhere rises rapidly from the sea, until not far inland the broad and mighty wall of the Cordilleran mountain system extends from north to south. That formidable barrier was not scaled by civilized men until modern times, when European settlement had already reached the Mississippi from the east, and science had stepped in to assist the explorers. At San Diego and San Francisco are the only satisfactory harbors, although Puget Sound can be entered from the extreme north, and skilful pilots in our day find it possible to make the surf-guarded mouth of Columbia River. The rivers of the Pacific Slope for the most part come noisily tumbling down to the sea over great cliffs and through deep chasms, and cannot be utilized for progress far into the interior. seaboard The Atlantic seaboard, upon the other hand, is broad The Atlantic and inviting. The Appalachian range lies for the most part nearly a hundred miles inland. The gently sloping coast abounds in indentations, safe harbors and generous landlocked bays, into which flow numerous rivers of con the natural approach to North America. |