ACA

ACADIA, united to Massachu

setts, 176. See Nova Scotia.
Africa, supposed migrations from, to
America, 21; European explora-
tions of coast of, 24.
Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 255, 278.
Alaska, Asiatic migration to, 2;
aborignes of, 12.
Albany, founded, 196; as

Fort

Nassau, 197; as Fort Orange,
198, 199; re-named by English,
203; characteristics, 228; fur-trade,
253; first Colonial Congress, 80,
206; second Colonial Congress,
270

Albemarle, 89; a district in Carolina,
88-91.

Alexander VI., Pope, bull of parti-
tion, 24, 36, 196.

Algonkin Indians, status, 9-11; as
allies of the French, 206, 246, 250;
uprising in New York, 200.
Alleghany mountains. See Appa-
lachian.

Andover, Mass., sacked by French
and Indians, 254.

Andros, Sir Edmund, governor of
Virginia, 79; governor of New
York and the Jerseys, 175, 176,
205, 206, 282; governor of New
England, 175, 189, 211.
Augusta, Ga., founded, 260; fur-
trade, 261.

Annapolis, Md., founded, 87, 98.

Nova Scotia. See Port Royal.
Antigua, Leeward Islands, 237.
Antinomian theory, held by Anne
Hutchinson, 133, 134.

ASS

Appalachian mountains, extent of, 3,
4, 6, 7; early explorations, 4, 269;
characteristics, 5, 6, 97, 179, 219;
aborigines, 11; early Scotch set-
tlements in, 269.

Argall, Samuel, governor of Virginia,
73; destroys French settlements
in Acadia, 242.

Arizona, aborigines of, 8; early
Spanish explorations, 28-30; Span-
ish missions, 31.

Armada, the Spanish, interrupts
American colonization, 40; defeat
of, 48, 52.

Asia, possible emigration from, to
America, 2, 3; distance from Ám-
erica, 5; relation to American ex-
ploration, 25-27; early European
commerce in, 23, 24.
Assemblies, hampered by commercial

companies and royal and proprie-
tary interference, 58; hold the
purse-strings,59;origin of bicameral
system, 61; representative system,
62, 63; in the South generally, 97,
109, 110; in Virginia, 73, 75, 77,
78; in the Carolinas, 90, 92; in
Maryland, 82-86; in Pennsylvania,
215, 216; in New Jersey, 211, 212,
214; in New Netherlands, 200, 201;
in New York, 200, 201, 204-206;
in Connecticut, 142, 143; in Rhode
Island, 147, 148; in Massachusetts,
123, 126, 128; quarrels with the
royal governors (1700-1750), 271-
279.
Association for the defence of the
Protestant religion in Maryland,87.

ATL

Atlantic slope, natural entrance of
North America, 3, 5; rivers, 3, 4;
three grand natural divisions, 5, 6:
mining, 6; soil and climate, 6, 97;
aborigines of, 9, 10; early fur-
trade on, 18; early European ex-
plorations, 25-28; early English
colonies on, 47.
Aztecs. See Mexico.

BACON, Nathaniel, rebellion of,

79, 80.

Bahamas, the, discovered by Colum-
bus, 23; claimed by English, 44;
included in Carolina, 90; send
settlers to Carolina, 93, 97; his-
torical sketch, 239, 240.

Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, discovers
Pacific ocean, 26.

Baltimore, Md., founded, 87.
-, Lord. See Calvert.

Baptists, in Carolina, 89; in Rhode
Island, 159.

Barbados, founded, 89; claimed by
English, 44; send settlers to Vir-
ginia, 93; Quakers at, 165; his-
torical sketch, 236, 237, 239:
Basques, American discoveries by,
21; engaged in Newfoundland
fisheries, 241.

Belcher, Jonathan, governor of New
Jersey, 221, 275; governor of
Massachusetts, 279.

Belize, history of, 241.
Bellomont, Earl of, governor of New
York, New Jersey, Massachusetts,
and New Hampshire, 207, 274,
276.
Berkeley, Sir William, governor of
Virginia, 75, 77, 78, 79, 84; one of
the Carolina proprietors, 89; on
education in Virginia, 107, 108;
interest in New Jersey coloniza-
tion, 205, 211, 212.

Bermudas, claimed by English, 44;
annexed to Virginia, 72; send
settlers to Carolina, 90; inter-
colonial relations, 234; historical
sketch, 238, 239.

Biloxi (Old), Miss., founded, 248.
Blackbeard, a noted pirate, 273.
Blommaert, Samuel, Dutch patroon,
199, 207, 208.

Blue Laws, fabricated by Peters,

CAL

Boston, founded, 127; the Anne
Hutchinson episode, 133-136;
New Haven colonists in, 144;
formation of New England Con-
federation, 156; Gortonites at,
160; expeditions against New
Netherlands, 163, 164, 168; levies
intercolonial duties, 164; repres-
sion of the Quakers, 165, 166; ar-
rival of royal commissioners, 168;
Indian missionary efforts, 170;
evasion of Navigation Acts, 173;
the rule of Andros, 175, 176;
slavery, 182; commerce, 186; con-
dition in 1700, 186; Tory element,
189; Sewall's repentance, 191, 192;
characteristics, 228; disputes with
Phipps, 275, 276; Bellomont's
visit, 276.

Boundary disputes between the Jer-
seys, 212; between Maryland and
Pennsylvania,
217; between
French and English colonies, 255,
256; summary of intercolonial,
267-269.

Brazil, discovered by Cabral, 44;
Portuguese colonies, 43, 44, 48;
Huguenots in, 44.

Breda, treaty of, 237.

Brewster, William, leader of the
Pilgrims, 116, 117.

British Honduras, historical sketch,

CAL

Calvert, Charles, as governor of Ma-
ryland, 86; as third Lord Balti-
more, 86, 87.

-, George, first Lord Baltimore, 76,
77, 81, 82, 208.

-, Leonard, governor of Maryland,
77, 82, 83, 84.
Cambridge, Mass., founded, 127;
fortifications at, 128; meeting of
General Court, 135, 136; establish-
ment of Harvard College, 130, 158,
188; emigration to Connecticut,
140; the "bishop's palace," 189.
Cambridge platform adopted, 162.
Canada. See New France.
Cape Breton island, discovered by
Cabot, 25; in early struggles be-
tween French and English, 252;
fall of Louisburg, 243; in King
William's War, 253; in King
George's War, 255.

Cape Cod, Champlain's visit, 36;
named by Gosnold, 41; arrival of
Pilgrims, 117, 118; Indian mis-
sionary efforts, 170; character of,

179.

Caribs, the, 8, 9, 236, 239.
Carolina, named after Charles IX.,
33; causes of failure of early colo-
nies, 41-43; French expelled by
Spaniards, 48; early settlers, 87-
89; under the lords proprietors, 89
-92; division of the colonies, 92;
reunited, 94; Barbadians in, 236,
237; geography, 96, 97; popula-
tion, 97; character of colonists,
97; agriculture, 102; commerce,
104. See North Carolina and
South Carolina.

Carteret, Sir George, obtains grant
of New Jersey, 205, 211, 212.
-, Philip, governor of New Jersey,

211.

in

Cartier, Jacques, explores St. Law-
rence River, 32, 246.
Catholics, in England, 115; in Vir-
ginia, 76; in Maryland, 77, 81-87,
108; in the Carolinas, 95;
Pennsylvania, 108, 230; in New
Jersey, 214; in Georgia, 260;
policy of the church in New
France, 49, 50, 246, 247, 251, 252.
Cayuga Indians, 10, 11.

Champlain, Samuel de, early explor-
ations, 26, 35; founds Quebec, 36,
246; fights the Iroquois, 196; on
Lake Huron, 246, 247; as gover-

CHE

287

nor of New France, 251, 252;
death, 248.

Charles I., king of England, inter-
est in Virginia, 75; interest in
Maryland, 82, 84; interest in Caro-
lina, 88; attitude towards the Puri-
tans, 125, 127; annuls Massachu-
setts charter, 131; grants Windward
Islands to Carlisle, 237; execution,
76.
Charles II., king of England, recep-
tion of Berkeley 79; proclaimed in
Massachusetts, 159; attitude to-
wards Quakers, 166; displeased
with New Englanders, 166-168,
174; treatment of Connecticut and
Rhode Island, 168, 169; claims
New Netherlands, 202, 203; in-
terest in New Jersey, 212; charter
to Penn, 215; charters Hudson's
Bay Company, 243; attitude to-
wards New France, 252; death,
175.
Charleston, S. C., founded, 92, 93,
98; churchmen in, 109; character-
ístics, 228; arrival of Scotch, 269;
attacked by French, 278.
Charlestown, Mass., founded, 122,
127; fortified, 131; hanging of a
witch, 190.

Charters, commercial privileges of,
104, 105; of Virginia, 60, 66-69,
72, 74, 113; of Maryland, 81, 82;
of the Carolinas, 88, 89, 267, 272;
of Georgia, 259; of Delaware, 216;
of Pennsylvania, 210, 215, 217;
under the Dutch, 197, 198; South
Company of Sweden, 208; of New
Jersey, 211-213; of Connecticut,
61, 141, 168, 175, 276, 277; of
Rhode Island, 60, 61, 148, 149, 168,
175; Plymouth Company, 120,
121, 124, 131, 150; Massachusetts
Bay, 60, 125-127, 131, 159, 169,
174, 175, 177; to the Gorges, 122,
125, 150; to John Mason, 125,
150, 152; New Hampshire, 174;
ministerial attacks on the (1701-
1749), 266, 267.

Cherokee Indians, status, 11; rela
tions with Georgians, 259, 261.
Chesapeake Bay, Cabot at, 25:
reached by Lane, 39; reached by
Jamestown colonists, 70; arrival
of royal commissioners, 76; Clay-
borne's operations, 77, 83; geog-
raphy, 218, 219.

CHI

Chickasaw Indians, status, 11; rela-

tions with Georgians, 261, 262.
Chicora, Vasquez's conquest of, 27.
Choctaw Indians, status, 11.
Church of England, in England,
114, 115; in the Carolinas, 88, 91,
94, 109, 272; in Virginia, 67, 78,
108; in Maryland, 86, 87, 280; in
the South generally, 102, 111; in
New York, 229, 230, 274; in Mas-
sachusetts, 122, 130-132, 173, 175,
189; in New Hampshire, 152; in
Maine, 150, 151; a source of dis-
pute between governors and as-
semblies, 272.

Cibola, Seven Cities of, visited by
Spaniards, 29-31.

Clarendon, a district in Carolina, 89,
90, 93.

Clayborne, William, his quarrel with
Maryland, 76-78, 83-85.
Cliff-Dwellers, status, 8.

Colleges, Harvard, 80, 130, 158, 181,
188; Yale, 80; William and Mary,
80, 81, 103.
Colonization, motives of, 46; early
views of, 46; French policy, 35,
48-50; Spanish policy, 47, 48, 51;
Portuguese policy, 48; Dutch pol-
icy, 50, 51; German policy, 51;
English policy, 51, 53; relations
of colonists with Indians, 17-19;
experience of sixteenth century,
41-44; character of English emi-
grants, 53, 54; the institutions they
imported, 55-63; reasons for the
English movement, 65, 66.
Columbus, Christopher, discoveries
prior to his, 21-23; his discoveries,
23-25, 31, 237; his motives, 4, 6.
Commerce, early Norse, 22; of Eu-
rope with India, 23, 24, 27, 42;
fur-trade of early European ex-
plorers, 26, 28, 35, 52, 53; French
commercial companies, 35; of
Spain, in West Indies, 38, 39; as
a motive of colonization, 46; Span-
ish policy, 47; Portuguese policy,
48, 50; Dutch policy, 50, 51, 103-
105; early English commercial
companies, 55, 65, 68, 69; London
company, 66-74; Plymouth com-
pany, 114; Massachusetts Bay
Company, 125-127; economic ef-
fect on England, 65; intercolo-
nial, 102-107, 130; colonial, with
England, 103, 104, 130, 169; the

120, 121.

Congregationalists, origin of name,
162; organization, 189; in middle
colonies, 230.
Connecticut, founded, 136, 140-142;

Pequod War, 136, 137; govern-
ment, 142-144; early Dutch set-
tlers, 136, 198, 199; conflicts be-
tween Dutch and English, 163,
202; New Haven founded and
absorbed, 144-146, 168; character-
istics of Connecticut and New
Haven, 146; in the New England
Confederation, 155, 156; river-toll
levied, 164; treatment of Quakers,
166; Massachusetts absorbs more
territory, 173; history of the char-
ter, 168, 175, 177, 266, 267, 276,
277 litigation, 182, 183; iron
mining, 184; agriculture, 186,
colonization schemes on the Dela-
ware, 208, 209; boundary disputes,
267, 268; represented in second
colonial congress, 270; Fletcher's
visit, 276, 277; population (1700)
180, (1754) 265.

Cordilleran mountains. See Rocky
mountains.

Cornbury, Lord, governor of New
York and New Jersey, 274, 275.
Coronado, F. V. de, search for Ci-
bola, 11, 29-31.

Cortereal, Gaspar, explores Ameri-
can coast, 25, 241.

Cortez, Hernando, conquest of Mex-
ico, 8, 27-29.

Council for New England. See Ply-
mouth Company.

County, the, in England, 55; in the
South, 56; in middle colonies,
57; in New York, 204; in Penn-
sylvania, 216.

Coureurs de bois, their characteris-
tics, 247, 249, 250; explorations of,
248, 253.

Creek Indians, status, 11; relations
with Georgians, 260, 261.
Cromwell, Oliver, accepted in Vir-
ginia, 76, 78; in Maryland, 85;
friendship for New England, 159;
expedition against New Nether-
lands, 163, 164, 202; sends pris-
oners to Barbados, 236.