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fields. His service has been invaluable to the Commission, as there is no veteran on either side who has a better knowledge of the details of movements of each army than he.

Five miles of Page woven-wire fence, 20-bar, 58 inches high, on cedar posts 16 feet apart, has been erected on the western, northern, and eastern boundaries of the park, at a cost of about $600 per mile. Material for 3 miles additional of the same type of fence has been purchased and is now being put in place, leaving 5 miles of fencing yet to be provided to complete the inclosure of the park. Funds for this purpose have been set aside from the current appropriation, and it is expected that the park will be entirely inclosed during the coming calendar year. The necessity for this work has become more and more apparent each year since the establishment of the park, chiefly owing to the large numbers of horses, mules, cattle, and hogs which have been suffered to roam thereon. It has not been deemed practicable or advisable while the park was in its uninclosed condition to make any attempt to enforce strict regulations against the owners of stock in a neighborhood where unfenced land is regarded as a common. But with a good fence around the park conditions will be changed in this respect, and this commission can proceed to the restoration of the field to the condition in which it was at the time of the battle. This involves the return of about 150 acres of cleared land to forest, and the sowing of grass seed upon all cleared land remaining. To accomplish this most conveniently and economically the park must first be cleared of roaming live stock.

In June last the following regulations were put in operation:

[Circular.]

WAR DEPARTMENT,

CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION, Washington, June 22, 1900. The following regulations relating to live-stock trespassing on the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, approved by the Secretary of War and the President of the United States, are hereby published for the information and guidance of all concerned:

REGULATIONS CONCERNING LIVE-STOCK TRESPASSING ON THE CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK.

1. Hereafter the commissioners of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park will have all live stock trespassing on the park driven beyond its boundaries and will prevent its return.

2. In cases where trespassing live stock destroys, mutilates, defaces, or injures any monument, marker, guidepost, or other structure, the owner of said stock will be liable to prosecution under the act of Congress approved March 3, 1897, providing penalties of fine and imprisonment, or both, for such offenses.

Approved June 22, 1900.

WILLIAM MCKINLEY.

ELIHU ROOT,
Secretary of War.

NOTE. This order is based upon the following provisions of law and the opinion of the attorney-general of the State of Georgia.

"Section 9 of the act of Congress approved August 19, 1890, provides

"That the Secretary of War, subject to the approval of the President of the United States, shall have the power to make, and shall make, all needed regulations for the care of the park and for the establishment and marking of the lines of battle and other historical features of the park.""

It is held that regulations thus made for the care of the park have the force of law. Hon. J. M. Terrell, attorney-general of Georgia, in an official letter to Gen. A. P. Stewart, of the park commission, dated March 24, 1900, rendered an opinion that in

case the counties in which the park is situated have not adopted the stock law of the State the right remains to the commissioners of the park under State law to drive all trespassing live stock from it without reference to what their authority may be under the law of Congress.

For the Commission:

H. V. BOYNTON, Chairman.

Since their promulgation the trespassing stock has been driven off the park about twice each week. At first there was a marked reduction in the number driven, but of late it has been each time about the same. The total number driven during the year is reported as 3,969. The time seems to have come when provision should be made by law prohibiting the owners of live stock from turning it loose in the park, and for the punishment of offenders in this respect, as well as in respect to hunting and shooting. Under existing conditions, all offenders, if arrested on the park, must be taken before the nearest United States commissioner in the State who is at Dalton, 25 miles distant. This involves delay, inconvenience, and expense, and no provision is now made for incurring such expense. Could trial, conviction, and punishment be made to speedily follow the offense, it is believed that the mere presence of a national officer duly authorized to act would ordinarily operate to render punitive action unnecessary. The Judge-Advocate-General has kindly consented to furnish this commission his idea of the additional legislation necessary to abate this evil. When this is received it will be submitted for such action as the Secretary may think best to take looking to an amendment of the existing law relating to trespassing on the national parks.

On the 8th of May a contract was made by your authority for the construction of a model in relief of the battlefield region about Chat tanooga. It is to be 9.5 by 14 feet, thus embracing an area of 171 square miles. The horizontal scale is to be 500 feet to the inch, and the topography of the region to be represented is so bold that it was only necessary to exaggerate the vertical scale one-half to produce entirely satisfactory effects. The model will show the field operations at Chickamauga, Browns Ferry, Wauhatchie, Orchard Knob, Look out Mountain, and Missionary Ridge. It will be the first model of the kind, upon an extended scale, attempted in this country, and will be as elaborate and as well executed as any of those prepared by the military authorities abroad to illustrate the notable fields of Europe. As it will be very easy to obtain duplicates at a moderate cost from the original cast, it is believed that such representation of these fields, when made accessible to the public in various sections of the country, will go far toward carrying out the intention of Congress as expressed in the act establishing the park, which was preserving and suitably marking for historical and professional military study the fields of some of the most remarkable maneuvers and most brilliant fighting in the war of the rebellion."

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Congress at its last session ordered a second edition of 4,000 copies of the atlas of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga battlefields with such additional positions as have been identified. It was decided to incorporate certain new material in each of the seven plates of the present atlas, and to add seven new position plates. None of these changes involved the engraving of new base plates, but as each plate is 24 inches by 31 inches, their execution will involve close study. It is the intention to have the new edition show all additional authentic information gathered by the commission from State commissions and other

sources since the publication of the first edition in 1897, and it is expected that the copy will all be in the hands of the publishers in time to enable them to complete the atlas by the assembling of Congress in December next.

The generous attention given to the park by Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, and Hon. W. R. Smith, superintendent of the United States Botanic Garden, has produced excellent results. The grasses supplied by the former are flourishing in all portions of the park, and the young trees and tree seeds presented by the latter have enabled the engineer to lay an excellent foundation for the restoration of forest on all fields which have been cleared since the battle. The nurseries established for this purpose are in excellent condition. Especial attention is directed to the details of this interesting branch of battlefield restoration as set forth in the report of the engineer. The inroads of trespassing stock give much trouble in this department of the work, but this will decrease as the fencing progresses. The expenditure on this account has been $376.

The inconvenience which has been experienced for over a year in visiting the various portions of the battlefield on Lookout Mountain has been wholly removed. This was caused by the closing of the incline railway, which for years had afforded ready access to the Cravens House plateau and the summit of the mountain, and the opening of a new incline south of the park limits, which gave easy access only to the summit of the mountain and afforded no complete approach to the battlefield. This serious inconvenience has been fully remedied by the construction of a path 4 feet wide and 700 feet long, leading along the base of the palisades from the foot of the stairs leading down from the point of the mountain. From the extremity of this path a flight of easy steps with 12 landings, each with seats, has been constructed leading down to the path which gives access to the monuments upon the upper bench of the battlefield. From these, paths lead to the lower portions of the field about the Cravens House and to Walthall's position at the opening of the battle. All of these latter paths lead, by easy descending grades, through all portions of the battlefield and thence back to the new incline at its station halfway down the mountain. The entire cost of this improvement, the details of construction being set forth in the report of the engineer, was $406.66. All portions of the mountain division of the park are now accessible without fatigue to the visitor.

The health of the 10 square miles comprising the Chickamauga Park has been excellent, as has been that of the adjacent region for several miles in all directions around the park. There has been no death. within its boundaries, and only one case of typhoid and two of malarial fever, all in one family, and all traced to the pollution of a well, caused by drainage from barn and house seeping into it. These cases were a mile from the park. The water supply in all sections of the park continues abundant and excellent.

The State of South Carolina unveiled and dedicated its State monument on the 27th of May. Governor McSweeney, with his staff, the State commission, a regiment of the National Guard of the State, and a large company of veterans attended, including Gen. Ellison Capers, now the bishop of South Carolina, and Rev. Mr. Kershaw, of Charleston, son of General Kershaw, who led Longstreet's first assaults on

Snodgrass Hill. The South Carolina commission, with Gen. C. Irvine Walker as its executive officer, has worked in perfect accord with the national commission from the beginning of their labors several years since, and their monument is a credit to the State.

The attention of the Secretary is very reluctantly called to the mutilation of the official rosters of this commission in the report of the Indiana commissioners for the Chickamauga National Military Park. In the published report of that commission there is included what purports to be a transcript of the official roster of the Union and Confederate armies as published by the national commission. An examination shows various serious changes in the reproduction of this official document, arising in part through omissions of certain clauses in the text, in part from direct changes, and in part by interpolations, each of these perpetuating erroneous history, and doing it under guise of the authority of this commission. This volume also contains quite a number of erroneous transcripts of authorized inscriptions on Indiana monuments and markers as they appear on the field. This misuse of official documents and inscriptions is the more to be regretted since it must discredit a volume which shows much excellent and valuable work. The receipts and expenditures for the nine months ending June 30, 1901, were as follows, vouchers for each item of expenditure being on file in the office of the disbursing clerk of the War Department: On hand per last report, September 30, 1900:

Balance of appropriation, fiscal year ending June 30, 1901..
Balance of appropriation for improvement of Lafayette road exten-
sion

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$57, 138. 61

6, 178.87 .75

63,318. 23

$7,500.00 2,000.00 11, 068.00 1, 157.46

Salaries, employees at park.

Mileage, etc

Miscellaneous

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Expenditures from October 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901—Continued.

Monuments..

Towers
Fencing

Water supply

Lafayette road

Total

Receipts..
Expenditures

Balance..

Respectfully submitted.

The SECRETARY OF WAR.

$3.30 306.25 2,334.00 25.00 6, 178.80

48, 283.03

63,318. 23 48, 283. 03

15, 035. 20

H. V. BOYNTON, Chairman of Commission.

REPORT OF EDWARD E. BETTS, ENGINEER OF THE CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK.

WAR DEPARTMENT,

CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA
NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION,

Chattanooga, August 28, 1901.

GENTLEMEN: The following is submitted as the report of the progress and condition of the work of establishing the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park performed under your direction by your engineer during a period of nine months, between October 1, 1900, and June 30, 1901:

MAINTENANCE, BUILDINGS.

The work performed under this head involved the re-covering of the Wallace cottage, occupied by workmen at the Cravens Reservation, with a sheet steel, 3 "V" crimp roof, and some minor repairs to the

Viniard and Norwood houses.

A new frame shingle-roof blacksmith shop was built at park headquarters. This building was designed for the purpose; is 16 by 30 feet in plan; has four skylights; is well ventilated and equipped with a brick forge and chimney and all tools necessary for use in making ordinary light repairs to park equipment or vehicles, implements, and tools.

MAINTENANCE, ROADS, TABLETS, AND TOWERS, EXHIBIT B.

Roads.-The charges against each road and the work performed is shown in detail in Exhibit B. There is necessarily much work performed on the roads that it is impossible to indicate in a report, and the main items only are noted.

Under the system adopted, a workman, with a cart and equipment of tools, is given a section of about 5 miles to keep in repair. This he accomplishes by spreading gravel where it is needed, keeping the drainage and ditches cleaned out, removing obstructions from the road, burning everything that can be consumed; and, with picked men, these roads have been maintained in good condition during the term.

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