-

tionalists, 54. His arrest, and confinement in the Clink prison

-Immediately arraigned before Whitgift, on Sunday, Nov. 19th,

1586, p. 55. His first examination, 56. His second examination,

Nov. 27th. In both refuses to swear upon the Bible, and without

knowing to what he was to swear, 56-59. Whitgift in a rage or-

ders him to close prison, 60. A third examination, March 24th,

1586-7, before the two lord chief justices, the archbishop and

others, 61. Refuses the ex officio oath — Examined on his word

-Eleven questions propounded and his answers given on the

spot, in writing, 62-68. Remanded to prison and there kept

till May, 1587 — Out on bonds for a short time, 69. Arrested,

with others, in a religious meeting, in a private house, on the

Lord's day
- All sent to prison - Two die in prison, 70. A

fourth, and last examination of Barrowe, before the archbishop,

the lord chancellor, the lord treasurer and others, March 18th,

1587-8, p. 71. Barrowe begs for a public conference, 73. Re-

spectful to the secular lords, but impudently severe on Whit-

gift and Aylmer, 74. Barrowe and Greenwood remain to-

gether in prison, until March 21st, 1592-3, p. 76. Then indicted,

and tried at the Old Bailey, for treason - The Indictment, and

Barrowe's answer, 77. Found guilty and sentenced to death

- Bellot, Bowle and Studley condemned with them, 79.

Brought out for execution, March 24th, 1592-3 - Reprieved

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Conferred with by certain doctors and deans - Led out to

execution again, March 31st - Affecting scene at the gallows -

A second reprieve, 81. Whitgift's efforts to intercept petitions,

etc., from these prisoners, 84, and note. Finally executed,

April 6th, 1593- The opinion of distinguished contemporaries

respecting Barrowe and Greenwood, 86.

CHAPTER IV.

THE WRITINGS OF HENRY BARROWE AND JOHN GREENWOOD,

1589-1593.

Writing materials denied them in prison, yet they write
voluminously, 89. Publications:
Visible Church," March, 1589, p. 90.
Letters and Conferences," 1590, p. 91.

"The Destruction of the
"A Collection of certain
"A Brief Discovery of

-

the False Church," Dec. 1590, p. 93. "A Plain Refutation of
Mr. Giffard's Book," 1591 - Interesting history of this book,
and the conversion of Rev. Francis Johnson, 98. The hard-
ships endured by the Separatists, and the slanders vented
against them, 100. Of the church of England, 101. How a
minister should be called and ordained, 102. Right of ordina-
tion in the church - A publishing of a contract between the
church and the minister, 103. Consequence of denying the
power of the individual church to ordain, 104. Three other
works, 104. Rev. George Giffard, 105, note. "A Platform to
drive away Prelatism," the last pamphlet published by Barrowe,
1593, p. 106. Greenwood's "Answer to Geo. Giffard's Pretended
Defence of Read Prayers Bitterly severe on Giffard and the
conforming puritans, 106. Indignantly refutes the charge of
being a "Brownist," 107. "A Brief Refutation of Mr. Gif-
fard's supposed Consimilitude between the Donatists and us,"
1591, p. 107. Giffard's argument against separation refuted —
"A Few Observations, etc., about Stinted Prayers and De-
vised Liturgies," 108. The Scriptural argument for pre-
scribed forms of prayer demolished, 109. Giffard's "slanders
and railings," in calling them Brownists and Donatists, 111.
Barrowe's earnest appeal to Attorney Egerton for a conference
- The bishops refuse it, 117. A petition to Burleigh, August,
1592, by fifty-nine "poor Christians, in sundry prisons,"
escapes Whitgift's spies, 113, and note, compared with p. 84,
note. Their sufferings - Ten died in prison, 114. Another
petition, to the privy council, from Separatists then at liberty

Their doctrinal agreement with the church of England,
their loyalty, reverence for superiors and "innocency in all
good conversation" "The Romish [church of England]
prelacy and priesthood, their only special adversaries," 115.
Inquisitorial visits of certain bishops and puritans to the pris-
oners, 116. The last effort of Barrowe and Greenwood for life
and liberty-An affecting and interesting letter to an "Honor-
able Lady and Countess of Barrowe's kindred, 117. Sum-
mary of the sufferings, and estimate of the characters of Bar-
rowe and Greenwood, 124.

CHAPTER V.

JOHN PENRY, THE LAST OF THE CONGREGATIONALIST MARTYRS.

-THE MARPRELATE TRACTS.

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John Penry kindred in spirit and suffering with Barrowe and

Greenwood-Born in Wales, 1559- Educated at Cambridge

and Oxford, 128. Accused of being an arrant papist" at

Cambridge, but on doubtful authority - Abuse of him by

Nash ("Curry-Knave "), 129, and note. Licensed to preach,

but declined ordination on puritan grounds, 130. Desire to

evangelize Wales - Moral destitution of that country, 131.

Appeals to parliament for Wales - Denounces Whitgift, 132,

and note. Arrest and imprisonment - Examination - De-

clares mere readers not preachers, 133. This pronounced

"an execrable heresy Whitgift's threat - Penry released

with a reprimand - Marries Helen Godley, and removes to

Northampton, 184. In 1528 at Mouldsey, superintending the

puritans' secret printing press The decree of the Star

Chamber against free printing, 135. Penry's work on the

"Wants and Disorders of Wales" the first book printed on

this press

Robert Walgrave, the head printer, 136, and note.

"The Martin-Marprelate Tracts appear - Diligent search

for the press and the printers - Penry's house searched, and

his papers plundered, Jan. 29th, 1588-9, p. 137. Udal's hard

case, 138, note. "Master D. Some attacks Penry, 139.

Proclamation against "seditious and schismatical books,"

Feb. 13th, 1588-9, p. 140. Aimed particularly at the Marprelate

tracts, popular and effective pasquinades - Udal, Field, Throg-

morton, Wigginton, especially Penry, suspected of writing

them, 141. Not a particle of proof that Penry wrote a line of

them, 142. Testimony of Wigginton, Throgmorton, and

Udal on this point, 144. These tracts bitterly libellous, but

not indecent, as were some of the prelates' answers, 147. Nash

and Lilly, the bishops' tools, 148. No match for Martin

Bancroft, the archbishop's tool, 149. The sober puritans never

approved of the Marprelate Tracts, 150. The scurrilous an-

swers procured and approved by the bishops, 151. The author

of the tracts unknown, 153 Martin's apology and explana-

tion, 154.

CHAPTER VI.

PENRY'S ARREST AND EXAMINATIONS. — LETTERS TO HIS FAM-

ILY AND CHRISTIAN FRIENDS. INDICTMENT FOR PRIVATE

NOTES NEVER PUBLISHED. - CONDEMNATION AS A FELON.

HASTY EXECUTION.

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-

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Penry in Scotland, 1588-9- The puritans' printing press dis-

covered, 155. A warrant for Penry's arrest - Particulars

about the "Pilgrim Press," note, 156. Penry returns to Eng-

land Sept. 1592, and joins the London Separatists - Discov-

ered and arrested, 157. Examined before Justice Young-

Attempts to draw him into private conferences in prison, 158.

Refuses all these, but offers to hold a public discussion, 159.

Another examination of Penry-Refuses the ex officio oath,

159. Satisfied that his death is determined on - - Hallam calls

courts of justice in those days caverns of murderers," 160,

and note. Farewell letters to his wife and daughters, 161.

Another examination, April 10th, 1593 — Details: God's word

his standard of belief- Agrees with the English Reformers

and martyrs - Dislikes the ecclesiastical offices of the church,

164. A man might preach before he was in office - Had de-

clined office in the Separatist church, that he might preach in

Wales Protests his loyalty Claims only his rights under

the Great Charter, 166. The Separatists the greatest enemies

of the Romanists Was ready for a public conference on any

terms, 167. A written statement of his belief, 168. Letter to

the persecuted church in London, 169. Alludes to their de-

sign to emigrate - The first indictment against him quashed by

his able argument, 170. Indicted for words never published,

never legally uttered - The indictment in full, 173. The in-

justice and cruelty of convicting, as a traitor, for unpublished

words - But two parallel cases in English history, Rev. Ed-

ward Peacham's, 181- and Algernon Sidney's, 183. The

forlorn condition of one on trial for treason in those times,

184. Penry's protestation to the queen Explains the cir-

cumstances under which the words charged on him in the in-

dictments were penned, 185. His Christian spirit, 188. Sen-

tenced, May 25th, and executed, unexpectedly, May 29th,

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-

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1593, at Thomas a-Watering, 189. This execution the last

under the statute 23 Elizabeth, "against seditious words and

rumors Penry's character, 191.

CHAPTER VII.

FURTHER LEGISLATION AGAINST THE BROWNISTS.

Elizabeth's eleventh parliament, February 19th, 1592-3, called to

resist threatened invasions, 193. On the 26th, the first work-

ing day, the bishops introduce a bill "for reducing disloyal

subjects to their due obedience," 194. Mr. Morrice's bills

"touching the hard courses of the bishops"— Discussion,

195. The queen forbids the consideration of Morrice's bills,

and orders his arrest On the 28th the bishops' bill read a

second time, 196. Meets opposition- A new bill reported,

March 12th - Discussion - Progress of the bill - Sir Walter

Raleigh's speech against the Brownists - Mr. Finch's speech

against the bill, 198. This bill recommitted The committee

report, on the 6th of April, that they cannot agree
A con-

ference with the lords - A bill agreed on and passed, April

7th, 1593, entitled "An Act to retain the Queen's subjects in

Obedience," 200. Provisions of the bill hard and cruel, involv-

ing imprisonment, forfeiture of property and banishment, 201.

During the discussion of this bill Barrowe and Greenwood

suddenly executed, "of malice of the bishops, to spite the

nether house," who opposed the bill, 202 and note, 203.

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CHAPTER VIII.

ARREST AND

A CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH ORGANIZED, 1592.

IMPRISONMENT OF THE PASTOR AND Α MAJORITY OF THE

CHURCH. — BANISHMENT TO HOLLAND.

-

TROUBLES THERE.

-THE APOLOGY AND CONFESSION OF THE SEPARATISTS.

Notwithstanding the arrest and execution of their leaders, the

Separatists continue their meetings, 204. How conducted,

205. Finally resolve on the formal organization of a Congre-