fraud and deceit; the bad shew themselves; the good become, in time, less good, from the influence of bad example. This principle operates equally upon the conquerors and conquered, and has been conspicuous in this country. It is ever to be regretted; but with conquest itself it must be endured. In process of time the two countries assimilate; mutual accommodation, mutual good offices, reconcile the people to each other. The military government gives place to civil government; and the equal and impartial distribution of justice by civil judges, keeps in check any attempts at injustice in the conduct of individuals; greater stability and security are given to property; the minds of men are at length brought into proper discipline by the regular operation of just and equitable laws.Merchants of character and respectability, such as at present are to be found in this country, are attracted from different quarters, and grow up in the country. Their capital gets into circulation, and by their knowledge and industry they supply the public wants, and infuse life and energy every where. Such is the progress of society in a conquered country. It is in the nature of things that it should be so. Why then should the Canadians, at this late period, rip up old sores, and attempt to attach to the present mercantile men of this country the charac ter Murray gives of those who came here forty years ago? It is an unworthy, insidious kind of conduct, as distant from justice as from truth. Le Canadien seems to commence under the influence of a very bad spirit-amalignant spirit of party;-perhaps not unconnected with the views of that man whose victories and power are only equalled by his ambition, and his unquenchable hatred towards England. An idea is very generally entertained, both in Canada and in England, that the French, in their capitulations of Quebec and Montreal, stipulated for, and obtained the use of their own laws; and that we cannot now interfere in these matters. The first time I heard this idea started, was soon after my arrival in Canada. I had been reading the articles of capitulation, and the definitive treaty with France, ceding Canada; but they had left no such impression on my mind. I had recourse to them again, and remained convinced that no such conclusions could be drawn from them. The Canadians were allowed the free exercise of their religion; and private property, personal and real, with all their rights, were to be respected; but they are not allowed their ancient laws, or any share in the government. The only article in the capitulation of Quebec*, which applies to this point, is the second, in which it is granted, “That "the inhabitants shall be maintained in the possession of their houses, goods, effects, "and privileges."-In the capitulation of Montrealf, the 27th article stipulates, " That the free exercise of the catholic, 66 apostolic, and Roman religion, shall sub"sist entire in such manner that all the "states, and people of the towns and coun 66 tries, places, and distant posts, shall con"tinue to assemble in the churches, and to "frequent the sacraments as heretofore, "without being molested in any manner, "directly or indirectly. These people shall * Dated 18th September, 1759. "be obliged by the English government to pay to the priests the tythes and all the "taxes they were used to pay under the government of his Most Christian Ma"jesty." Granted, as to the free exercise of their religion; the obligation of paying tythes to the priests will depend on the King's pleasure. The 34th article stipulates, "That all "the communities, and all the priests, shall preserve their moveables, the property "and revenues of the seigniories, and other "estates, which they possess in the colony, “of what nature soever they may be; and "the same estates shall be preserved in their privileges, rights, honors and exemptions." Granted. 66 The 37th article stipulates, "That the "lords of manors, military and civil officers, the Canadians as well in the towns "as in the country, the French trading or "settled in the whole extent of the colony "of Canada, and all other persons what"soever, shall preserve the entire peace"able property and possession of their goods, noble and ignoble, moveable and "immoveable, merchandizes, furs, and "other effects; even their ships, they shall "not be touched, nor the least damage done to them, on any pretence whatever. 66 They shall have liberty to keep, let, or "sell them, as well to the French as to the English, to take away the produce of "them in bills of exchange, furs, specie, 66 66 or other returns, whenever they shall 'judge proper to go to France, paying "their freight, as in the 26th article. They "shall also have the furs which are in the 66 posts above, and which belong to them, " and may be on the way to Montreal; and "for this purpose they shall have leave to 66 send, this year or the next, canoes fitted "out to fetch such of the said furs as shall "have remained in these posts." Granted, as in the 26th article, which excludes any property belonging to his Most Christian Majesty, which must become the property of the King. 66 The 41st article stipulated, "That the French, Canadians, and Acadians, of "what state and condition soever, who "shall remain in the colony, shall not be "forced to take arms against his Most "Christian Majesty, or his allies, directly |