And ask if any prophet having prayed The scenes which pass in review before us in sleep are sometimes composed of images which are produced immediately by corporeal. impressions, not sufficiently strong to destroy the enchantment of sleep. Beattie speaks of a gentleman in the army, whose imagination was so easily affected in sleep by impressions made on the external senses, that his companions could suggest any thing to it by whispering gently in his ear; and that they once made him go through the whole procedure of a duel till he was wakened by report of a pistol. Allowing then that dreains are sometimes prompted by immediate or recent sensations, they must in general be considered as the creation of the mind, existing, as it were, in an abstracted state, though still capable of being easily summoned to attention to the body, The sympathy and reciprocal influence which subsist between them are never destroyed, and the mutual interchange of feeling is quickly communicated. There is perhaps never a total insensibility; the moment when vigilance sinks into oblivious indifference can never be accurately marked; no one, at least hath ever yet noted the moment which precedes sleep. The connexion between mind and body is renewed on the slightest alarm, and unusual impressions are instantly conveyed from one to the other. The hungry body suggests to the sleeping mind visions of food*. Oppressions from repletion generate fearful dreams, and a disordered limb, if its pain increase, will attract attention. Dugald Stewart observes that dreams are frequently suggested by bodily sensations, and states that he had been told by a friend, that having occasion, in consequence of an indisposition, to apply a bottle of hot water to his feet when he went to bed, he dreamed that he was making a journey to the top of Mount Etna, and that he found the beat of the ground almost insupportable. Another person, having blisters applied to his head, dreamed, in the association of ideas, that he was scalped by a party of Indianst. An Attempt to shew by what Means the United Kingdom and the World may be saved from Subjection to France, without the Abolition in Great Britain and Ireland. of all Distinctions on Account of Religion." 8vo. pp. 389, price 7s. 6d. Hatchard; London, 1808. We suspect that this is an instance of a work intended to be only a pamphlet, but increased under the hands of the author to a formidable volume. The style is not captivating, and the transitions are not graceful. The insertions and afterthoughts are numerous. There is in the remarks it contains more plain sense, than elegance in the manner of expressing them. The writer would have all British youth put into a course of training, from the age of fifteen to eighteen, and so far taught as to be capable of doing duty in an irregular battalion, at least. He would have the sons of gentlemen trained at their schools. He would have a body of officers and serjeants mounted) constantly em-. ployed in such training throughout the the nation; and, very judiciously, he would have the inhabitants of town form bodies, distinct from those of the country; "the volunteer infantry ought to be the.. force of towns, and the militia that of the open country," the townsmen not to be marched to a distance for permanent duty, as consisting of persons in trade, of sedentary professions, &c. these to serve, without pay: the country labourers to re-., ceive pay, and of course, to be liable to more extensive service. The writer also, takes a view of the state of Ireland; proposes to instruct the people better than they are at present instructed; suggests cautions against dissenters from the church; others still stronger against catholics; examines the orders in council, the interest of America; the conduct of France; and in short, he discusses the more important subjects of politics, as they have been before the world of late, and shews himself to be altogether for the good of his country, as every true-hearted Briton should be. * It may perhaps be said, that when the hungry man dreams, it is rather the effect of the recollection of his waking thoughis. There are still, however, sufficient proofs of sympathy. An ancient writer attributes dreams to the immediate temperament of the body. Hi qui laborant siti cum in soporem venerunt, flumina et fontes videre sibi videntur, et bibere, hoc autem patiuntur aviditate We cannot but approve of these sentiintemperata corporis laborantes. Recog. Clem.ments: they are such as have repeatedly 1. §640 + Elements of the Philosophy of the Hu man Mind. C. v. been urged in the Panorama: and such as public measures have nearly approached. The writer would, however, have pleased 4 the public much better, had he studied brevity, for to sit down seriously to spend several hours in consulting the opinions of others on the good of our country, we can assure him, is not the fashion-unless when given viva voce, with a bottle of good wine, and other patriotic accompaniments on the table. The Duties of Religion and Morality, as incarcated in the Holy Scriptures: with preliminary and occasional Observations. By Henry Tuke; 12mo. pp. 220. price 23. 6. Blanchard, York. MR. TUKE is one of the people called Quakers, or as they rather chuse to be called, Friends. This body has lately come rather forward in explanation of its opinions, as if desirous of being well thought of in the world. To this the members of their society are as free as others; and though all be not gold that glitters, yet we feel a pleasure in discovering that the number of really worthy people among us, is greater than those who shut themselves up in their own narrow circle will admit. As to the tract before us, we think favourably of its tendency, and not the less from the modesty of the author, who has frequently had to feel his own imperfections while composing it" and "has been careful not to regulate the standard of duties by his own practice, but faithfully to represent them, as he found them inculcated in holy writ." If the perusal of the work has the same effect on its readers, it cannot but be useful in the moral and religious world. The Madras School, or Eleinents of Tuition, comprizing the Analysis of an Experiment in Education, made at the Male Asylum, Madras; with its Facts, Proofs, and Illustrations; to which are added, Extracts of Sermons preached at Lambeth; a Sketch of a National Institution for training up the Children of the Poor; and a Specimen of the Mode of Religious Instruction at the Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea. By Rev. Andrew Bell, DD. &c. 8vo. pp. 360. price 19s. 6d. Murray, London, 1808, THE Contents of this volume have the greater part, if not entirely, been already before the public. Nevertheless, we are glad to see them assembled together, as in this state they afford a more complete view of the subject on which they treat, and their value may be more cor rectly appreciated. Dr Bell as is gener ally understood, derived ideas from the Hindoo teachers, who, we may fairly presume, practised what they had been taught by tradition. We cannot do justice to the volume in the space, which our convenience allows us to allot to it; but shall recommend it to the attention of those who interest themselves in the welfare of the rising generation, and the propagation of instruction, civil and reli gious. The practice of employing scho lars who are more advanced in teaching others who are less advanced, appears to be highly beneficial: and, with other im provements in economy, communicates benefits to thousands which formerly were restricted to a few. Dr. B. explains a passage of holy writ, John viii. 6. by the practice of writing in sand; he might have gone back to deeper antiquity: for the prophet Jeremiah says of apostate transgressors, chap. xviii. 13. they shall be written in the earth; intending no doubt, the same superficial practice as Dr. Bell describes. Those who have never seen it before, will be gratified with the account of Tippoo Saib's conduct while viewing some philo sophical experiments, which though ordinary among us, were curious to him. Had he never done any thing worse than make condensing engines, or investigate the properties of the Archimedean screw, his name would have escaped that detestation which his tyranny brought upon it. We should have been gratified if the latest accounts from the establishment at Madras, had been included in this volume: as we think, continued experience is, in such cases, the surest guide to wisdom. They would also have answered enquiries that must be expected, whether there be suffi cient vigour in these principles to maintain themselves, after their parent and patron is withdrawn? whether they continue equally beneficial to individuals, and to the public? &c. &c. Compare Panorama, Vol. II. p. 1185. Vol. III. pp. 538, 1149. "they have told us. We can reason only CORRESPONDENCE.But cant Letter from Rev. Edward Nares, A. M. to Major Scott Waring. SIR-Though I feel very backward to address you in so public a manner, yet as I have not the honour of being personally known to you, and private explanations could not en tirely answer my purposes, I am induced to take this method of replying to the charges brought against me in your late pamphlet, entitled: "Remarks on the Sermons preached "before the University of Oxford by Dr. Barrow and Mr. Nares, &c. &c." upon the facts which they have supplied. the Bramins have themselves been conIn telling the university that thousands of "verted," I expressly stated the fact in the very words of a resident in lodia, who bas certainly been particularly diligent in collecting such matters of information; you ask me, whether I mean to contend that they were converted three, four, five, or ten years ago? Indeed, Sir, I do not think myself bound, by any thing I have said upon the subject to contend one way or the other. In the notes to my discourse I have given my authority, (p. 63, note 17) and upon reference to the I have no reason to think you mean to in-memoirs from which I adopted it, I see that sist npon more than one objection urged against the account seems expressly to be taken as me in that pamphlet, namely, that of having from an indefinite time; "time immemogrossly misrepresented matters in regard to rial," are the words used. That the fact is the conversion of Bramins in time past; but entirely disputable I have not yet discovered, surely the following paragraph may induce the though I must allow you free leave to question public to think that the university had been it; so far however from being under any parcompelled to listen to a whole heap of contra- ticular obligation myself to clear the matter dictions. The learned university of Ox-up, I must observe that in my sermon it is *ford," you observe, "must have been very much puzzled indeed to determine whether "credit was due to Dr. Barrow or Mr. "Nares, for though both preached on the same given subject, their sentiments are "diametrically opposite." You then proceed to state that Dr. B. "through the whole of his sermon seems to be thoroughly sensible of the excessive difficulty of inducing an immense population to abandon a religion "professed by their ancestors for so many ages, and in which religion the distinction "of castes is so rigidly observed "—whereas Mr. Nares asserts," that so far from the "Bramins opposing an invincible obstacle, thousands of the Bramins have themselves been converted," ་་ Dr. Barrow and myself, Sir, were, I am certain, entirely unacquainted with each others thoughts and sentiments on the subject, until they respectively appeared in print. Yet I confess, when I first read Dr. Barrow's discourse, so far from thinking our sentiments diametrically opposite, I was pleased to find that in many important points we were much in agreement; and even in regard to the practicability of christianising the natives, upon which head you think we particularly differ. If I have mistated one very important fact, I have given my authority; but I can assure you, Sir, it is a fact I would not for the world have mistated, and therefore if the authority to which I refer, is not to be relied on, I willingly retract all I have said upon the subject; and shall shelter myself under the very words of Dr. Barrow himself, who very properly remarks, "that we must in many cases be governed by the reports of those who have enjoyed the opportunity of personal observation. We indeed know only what only incidentally noticed, as a topic I leave to others. I certainly do say, it would be the best and shortest answer to all objections, to insist. upon such facts, but immediately turn from it, as not the topic I choose to adopt; leaving the fact itself exactly as I found it... As to other probabilities of the facility of introducing christianity into India, I deduce then principally from the very same arguments Dr. Barrow uses; who does not at all hesitate to say that he thinks there are “various "descriptions of persons in the East, to "whom our religion will be acceptable, "when its nature and tendency are clearly “understood;" and when to understand it "shall be rendered easy, by its speaking to every man in his own tongue wherein he was born." Serm. p. 17, he inclines to think the Bramins not inaccessible, and cer tainly less so now than formerly; p. 19, he insists, as well as myself on the analogous circumstances in the two modes of faith, as a good opening, and likely in time to render christianity both "credible and attractive," pp. 24, 25. And he judges the Hindoos to be far enough civilized to fit them to receive "and comprehend the doctrines and precepts "of a better religion," p. 27, he agrees fully as to the desirableness of doing away their sad superstitions if possible, and substituting our own holy and pure religion in their stead. Surely then, Sir, if you will again do me the honour, to peruse my sermon, you will find that our sentiments, as delivered before the University on the same given subject, were by no means so diametrically opposite as to have " puzzled that learned body." I really think, for two persons, totally unknown to each other, writing, as I apprehend, at the distance of some hundreds of miles apart, and severally depending on the publica- | not introduce christianity without war and tions they night happen to have it in their bloodshed, or insurrection and mutiny, I am, power to consult, the agreement between as much as Dr. Barrow, for pausing and us is much more striking, than any difference awaiting the good pleasure of God, who, or disagreement whatsoever. I should have though not likely now to be present miracubeen sincerely concerned to have differed to- lously, is, I conndently believe, always pretally from so learned and eminent a writer as sent, providentially; I think God will assur Dr. Barrow, but had I happened to have edly one day or other, bring all home to one done so ever so much, I should have held it flock, one fold, one shepherd; but wheto be my duty to deliver to the University the ther to day or to-morrow, I know not. I exact result of my own studies and enquiries. think all prudent, temperate, judicious And had we differed even to the degree you measures should, in the mean while be adoptspeak of, had our sentiments been, *** diameed, (and ingenuously ought to be adopted) trically opposite," surely it would be more decorons to suppose the University capable of deciding between us, than likely to be " pus aled" by our discordancies. You accuse us both, of some illiberality and much injustice. I do declare, there is nothing I more studiously endeavoured to avoid, nor am I yet sensible of there being any one sentence in my sermon to which such charges can apply; nor in that of my learned colleague. to propagate the Bible throughout the earth; I fear, Sir, you still harbour some suspi- they continue to appear holy and sacred in their eyes, and objects of their veneration, however mistaken;" p. 6. and as to the sanction of the University, which you are careful to represent, as in every instance, only apparent and not real,” I am very wilJing to admit, that the Vice Chancellor's Imprimatur, may imply no more than that there appeared nothing particularly objectionable in our mode of treating the subject put into our hands, but thus far I trust it will be received, as a testimonial of no mean import ance. I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient humble servant, EDWARD NARES. LITERARY PROSPECTIVE. Dr. Watkins is printing two editions of his Scripture Biography, with considerable improvements and additions; one of them is in duodecimo, for schools, as before; and the other a handsome octavo volume, printed in a large type for the use of families. Mr. Sergeant Williams is about to publish a new edition of Sir Edmund Saunders's Reports of Pleadings and Cases in the Court of Kings Bench, in the Reign of King Charles the Second, accompanied with notes and reMy own sentiments upon the main subject,ferences. It will be printed in two volumes are shortly these, and I think I shall never royal, octavo. change them; that those who really wish well The life of Romney, by Mr. Hayley, is to the natives of India, must be inclined to nearly finished. This is expected to be an support every reasonable attempt to introduce interesting work, that will tend to make that among them those sacred records from which eminent painter more universally known; we derive our most Holy Religion;-that he to whom Mr. Hayley has already paid so versions of the Scriptures prepared for their classical a tribute of affection. Mr. Isaac use and instruction, are to be looked upon as Peach, one of the painter's earliest pupils, a valuable present to them, and a very meri- has lately gained the first prize given by the torious benefaction on our parts. If we can-English school." A member of the University of Oxford has projected as small work entitled The Essentials of English Grammar" on a practical plan; for the use of Classical and French schools. In this work he has laid a foundation for Classical and French literature, without violating the purity of the English language. It also contains such rules to distinguish the parts of speech, and such a guide to parsing as are not to be found elsewhere. The subscribers to Wild's Select Views of Canterbury Cathedral, and the public in general, are informed, that a corresponding collection of twelve picturesque views of the exterior and interior of the Cathedral of York, accompanied by geometrical plans, and an historical and descriptive letter-press, is in preparation by the same author; intended to be published compleat in itself, but in a uniform manner with the former work, in order to unite with it into one volume, illustrative of the architecture and effect of the two metropolitan cathedrals of England. The plates in this publication will be carefully engraved in aquatinta, and consist of, as follow: 1 A general View under the N. W. aspect. 2 The West front. 3 The Nave. 4 The Transeept. 5 The south wing of ditto. 6 The south front. 7 Exterior of the chapterhouse. 8 Interior of ditto. 9 The choirs. 10 The south aisle. 11 The chapel of our lady. 12 The East front,. With a general plan laid down to scale from actual incasurement, and a plan of the undercroft, with the capitals of its columns, and other details; the whole of which, already completed in etching, may be inspected, and subscribers' names received, at Taylor's Architectural Library, where the original drawings, exhibiting the intended effect of the plates, may likewise be seen. mentary Logic; to which will be subjoined Two Speeches delivered in the House of Commons of Ireland, and other Pieces; by the Right Hon. William Gerrard Hamilton with an appendix, containing Considerations on the Corn Laws, by Samuel Johnson, LL. D. never before published. The Flowers of Literature for the year 1807, is nearly ready for publication. A new edition of Swift's Works in nineteen volumes, octavo, is now under the care of Nr. John Nichols. It will contain many new articles, and a head of Swift takea from a cast made immediately after his death. Mrs. Sleath, author of the Orphan of the Rhine, has put to press a novel, entitled, The Bristol Heiress, or the Errors of Educa tion. The second volume of the History of Surrey, by Manning and Bray, a great part of which was consumed by fire, has been resumed, and may be expected next winter. In a short time will be published the com mencement of a work entitled a Geographical, Historical, and Political View of Spain and Portugal, from the earliest authentic accounts to the present period: by Alexander Beaumont, Esq. It will be continued in numbers published every fortnight until completed, price Is. each. The first number is to contain a view of Cadiz, and views and portraits will be continued through the work. An edition of Pococke's Travels in the East, in three quarto volumes, will be published in October. A new edition of Hephestio's Treatise on the various Greek Meires, corrected from the authority of several MSS. and accompanied with copious notes and illustrations, is now › printing at the Clarendon Press. A Portuguese and English dictionary, in a pocket size, abridged from Vieyra and others, will be published speedily. The Rev. Johnson Grant will shortly publish The Pastoral Care, a didactic poem, in three parts. A new edition of Pultenham's Art of Poetry is in the press, edited by Octavius Gilchrist, Esq F. R. S. Dr. George Alley, of Cork, has nearly ready for the press, Observations on the Hydrargyria, or that peculiar species of eruptive disease which arises from the exhibition of mercury, to be illustrated with coloured engravings. This publication will contain all the information on this singular and interesting disease, which the observations of those The Rev. Dr. Williams's long promised gentlemen whose attention has been particu. Essay on the Equity of Divine Government farly directed to the subject, have afforded; and Sovereignty of Divine Grace, is expected besides what the author was enabled to collect to appear in the course of a month. Among during an attendance of more than six years, other important disquisitions it will contain an› on the Westmoreland Lock Hospital, Dublin. examination of the Latitudinarian Hypothesis Dr. Reid, the author of the Reports of of indeterminate redemption, and the Antino Diseases inserted regularly in the Monthlymian notions of the divine decrees being the Magazine, intends to collect those which have rule of human conduct. appeared into a small volume, to be published early in the Winter, printed uniformly with his Treatise on Consumption. A new edition of Clarke's Observations on Diseases in Long Voyages is in the press. Soon will appear a work entitled Parlia Dr. William Smith, late Chief Justice of Cape Breton, has in the press Theological thoughts on God, the Creation, the Fall and Redemption of Man, God's dealings with: Man from the Creation to the Consummation of all things in an octavo volume, |