Oviedo he went to a little community called Golden Rod and started a small grove there. For some years he lived at Orlando, where he was engaged in the construction of the first electric light plant.

He

In 1906 Mr. Rogers came to Little River in Dade County. An interesting story was told not long ago by the farm editor of the Miami Herald concerning Mr. Rogers' past experiences and adversities in the Little River community. reached there without capital, and several successive times his tomato and other crops were completely destroyed by floods and hurricanes. The editor speaks of Mr. Rogers as an asset to the community by reason of the sunshine in his soul, which radiates by way of the droll wit and humor characterizing his daily life. In spite of his seventy years he has never lost the art of being cheerful, hopeful and radiant. His property interests in Little River are substantial and of growing importance, in proportion to the growth of the town, now one of the fastest growing small places in Florida. He has valuable business lots fronting on the Dixie Highway, the main business street of the town, and owns valuable residence lots nearby. His home place was greatly improved during 1922, one of its attractive advantages being a well of pure soft water which is pumped to a tank having a capacity of 1200 gallons, from which the water is supplied to the different buildings on the property.

Mr. Rogers has taken a keen interest in community affairs, contributing and assisting in establishing an adequate fire protection service and in other movements for the local welfare.

Mr. Rogers married Mary Martha Wheeler, of Georgia. Her father was a Confederate soldier and a kinsman of General Joe Wheeler. Of the eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Rogers four are living: Thomas Bracewood, Mrs. Pearl Hunter, Lawrence W. and Mamie Jackson.

JAMES C. PATTERSON, one of the venerable and honored citizens of Pensacola, has been long and actively identified with business and civic interests in this city, and his career has been in many phases one of remarkable order, including gallant service in the Civil war.

Mr. Patterson was born on board his father's vessel, "The Solitcia," on the English Channel, and the date of his nativity was September 16, 1839. His father, Capt. L. C. Patterson, died in 1884, at Hull, Yorkshire, England. His birth occurred in the City of Ayr, Scotland, and his active life was one of close association with navigation interests. James C. Patterson, the third in a family of four sons, attended high school in Hull, England, two years, and later continued his studies in New York City and on board of the sea vessels on which he was emloyed in his youth. As a boy of ten years he ran away from home, made his way to Cardiff, Wales, and soon afterward embarked on the United States sailing vessel "Young Sam," commanded by Captain Merriman, of Portland, Maine. His first service was in the capacity of deck boy, and by his efficiency he won successive promotions within the eight years of his service with Captain Merriman. In this period he visited many of the important ports of the world, including those along the coasts of China and Japan, as well as those of South America. In fact it may be stated that in his seafaring career he touched virtually all leading commercial ports of the globe. His first voyage to the United States was made when the vessel on which he was in service came from Rio

de Janeiro to New York with a cargo of coffee in 1851. In 1857 he entered the service of the Mitchell line of steamships, plying between New York and Savannah, New Orleans and Galveston. In 1861, at the outbreak of the Civil war, he was in service on the steamship "Florida," which was then in the port of Savannah, Georgia. This vessel had frequently had as passengers between Savannah and New York Senator Wilcox and his family of Georgia, and the Senator's son George became a pal and close friend of the young seaman, Mr. Patterson of this review. Before the war was precipitated Senator Wilcox, on a Saturday night, delivered his historic speech to a large assemblage in front of the Planters Hotel in Savannah, where he stated that there would be no war, as the country could ill afford to enter into such conflict. He said also that if war came it would be the result of the activities of hot-headed politicians in the North and the South. The captain of the steamer on which Mr. Patterson was employed sold the vessel to the Confederate government for a consideration of $65,000, and this fact was made known to Mr. Patterson through the medium of the son of Senator Wilcox. The 168 men on the vessel thereupon held a meeting of protest and elected the mate to the office of captain. When the former commander, Captain Crowell, came on board his crew locked him in his cabin, he not knowing that the men had learned of the sale of the vessel. There was great excitement at Savannah at this time, after war had been declared, and threats were made to fire on the United States flag floating above the vessel "Florida." The captain informed the southerners that if any attempt was thus made he would bring to bear the two brass guns mounted on the forecastle of the vessel, but this was a gigantic "bluff," as no such guns were available. In order to effect escape from Savannah one of the men of the vessel cut the wires that communicated with Fort Jackson, which had been strongly manned, and about midnight the boat cast off its lines and went down the river in safety, its crew not yet having learned of the fall of Fort Sumter. Upon the arrival of the vessel in the port of New York City its former captain, who had been held in confinement, was taken aboard a police boat. The ship was laid up, and when President Lincoln issued his call for ninety-days volunteers Mr. Patterson went up the Hudson River, where he was importuned to join a new Union regiment. However, he soon afterward reported at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and there entered the naval service of the Union on the old frigate "Wabash." On this vessel he aided in the capture of Hilton Head, the first port to be captured in South Carolina. Mr. Patterson was assigned to duty in the landing of troops along the coast, and it was not until 1862 that he was transferred back to service with the navy. He was sent to Cairo, Illinois, and there entered service on the "Conestoga.". He served one month and twenty-seven days with a naval', battery that was under command of General Grant in his general operations, and the vessel did most effective service during the siege and capitulation of the City of Vicksburg. In January, 1865, the "Conestoga" was sent down to Mobile to raise the obstruction in the harbor of that city, but conditions were such that no work could be accomplished at that time. The day after his arrival at Mobile Mr. Patterson reported to Captain Peace, who was in charge of the port. As a naval officer Mr. Patterson here volunteered to take a large sternwheel steamer and two barges loaded

with guns for Fort Barrancas, Florida, a difficult task which no other person had consented to attempt. In command of this vessel Mr. Patterson left Mobile February 10, 1866, and on the morning of the 11th of that month he brought the vessel and its barges into port at Fort Barrancas. He thence came to Pensacola, and here Captain Howard, owner of the vessel and barges, induced him to purchase a half-interest in these properties. Captain Patterson thereupon became actively identified with the reopening of navigation on the rivers of Florida and Alabama, and gradually he developed a substantial and prosperous business in the transportation of lumber and general supplies. He did much to aid in the reviving of the prostrate industrial and commercial activities of the South, and has continued his residence at Pensacola during the long intervening years, save for a period of eight years during which he was concerned with the building of the Flagler Railroad lines on the east coast. Though now venerable in years, he is vigorous of mind and physical powers, and still gives personal supervision to his important interests in the building of wharfs, docks, bridges and vessels of various types.

February 12, 1867, recorded the marriage of Captain Patterson and Emma Isabella Quina, the only daughter of Dr. Dessiderio Quina, and of the five children of this union only one is now living, Ernest W., who is the owner of the Crystal Pharmacy, one of the leading drug stores in Pensacola, Captain Patterson has a grandson and great-grandson in Birmingham, Alabama, where both are connected with the Birmingham News. Since the year 1876 Captain Patterson has been giving attention to the writing of historical matter concerning Pensacola and Escambia County, as well as this section of Florida in general. His research has been wide, touches back to the formative period in the history of the state, and the contribution which he has made and continues to make will prove of enduring historical value. He has contributed to the columns of Florida papers, and has written much in connection with the development of the resources of the state that has long been his home and the stage of his productive activities. His life has counted for much in all of its relations, and it is gratifying to offer to him a tribute in this publication.

HAROLD L. CLARK. The visitor to Palm Beach County is immediately impressed by the beautifully-artistic laid-out grounds and admirably designed houses which are to be found throughout its confines, for here the wealthy men of the country establish their winter homes, and their example of demanding a harmonious arrangement with the marvellous surroundings is followed by the permanent residents, so that here, as perhaps nowhere else in the world, there is a steady and constantly increasing demand for highclass landscape architects and contractors. Among those who have been connected with this work for years, winning a reputation that is state-wide, is Harold L. Clark, senior member of the dependable and far-famed firm of Clark & de Gottrau of West Palm Beach.

Harold L. Clark was born, reared and educated at Manchester, New Hampshire. In his early youth he became a florist and gardener, and his entire business, career has been spent in this line of work. Going to Chicago, Illinois, he was employed by the firm of Poehlman Brothers, operating one of the largest and best-known floral and

greenhouse enterprises under glass, in the West. He was also for a time associated with E. H. R. Green in the latter's extensive greenhouse business at Dallas, Texas, and spent considerable time with W. H. Elliott, of Boston, Massachusetts, a distinguished florist and botanist. Mr. Clark then went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, to take charge of the greenhouses of J. W. Wilcox, remaining there until 1918, when he came to South Florida and located at West Palm Beach, and almost immediately was given charge of the floral and arborial work and landscaping on various of the great estates at Palm Beach. In 1921 he took into partnership with him Louis de Gottrau, forming the firm of Clark & de Gottrau, landscape architects and contractors. This firm has in its charge the taking care of the floral and arborial features and the carrying out of landscape schemes for a number of the owners of famous homes and estates at Palm Beach, including the Vanderbilt, Phipps, Munn, Kingsley, Clements, Cudahy, and other magnificent places. that are the winter homes of their owners. Clark's first engagement after coming here was the landscaping of the grounds of the famous Everglades Club, which he carried out under the direction of Addison Mizner, architect. His present quite extensive business has grown from the splendid work he did in his first undertaking, and is the result of his skill and experience in his profession.

Mr.

Mr. Clark and his partner are also the landscape architects for the City of West Palm Beach, and as such they are carrying the city's plans for the beautification and harmonization of its streets. avenues and public parks. Under this plan many trees and foliage plants are being taken up and transplanted according to modern scientific methods, and so grouped as to bring about the effect of harmony, thus adding greatly to the city's attractiveness. Various parks and park extensions are now in the course of being improved by this enterprising firm. The almost innumerable tropical growths that have long flourished, and others which can be brought to luxuriance here, including trees and plants of great value and rare beauty that can be produced nowhere in the United States except in South Florida, make Mr. Clark's business one of the greatest possibilities for usefulness in further developing Palm Beach and West Palm Beach, which already are scenes of wonder and enchantment for present visitors, and a source of enjoyment for those fortunate enough to be residents of this most favored locality. Although he has only lived here for a few years Mr. Clark is one of the most enthusiastic of the boosters of Palm Beach County, and his appreciation is based upon experienced knowledge and artistic perceptions. His presence here and the work he is accomplishing of both a private and public nature is recognized to be among the valuable assets of the county. and his name is connected with some of the best results now being obtained from all sources.

GEORGE E. ANDREWS. One of the men who has been connected with some of the most constructive work at Palm Beach and West Palm Beach, and whose efforts have resulted in a most remarkable development of the county is Capt. George E. Andrews, of West Palm Beach. In much of his work after coming to Florida he was associated with the late Henry M. Flagler, and he is still carrying on many of the plans formulated

by them during Mr. Flagler's lifetime. Captain Andrews was born in Lake County, near Cleveland, Ohio, in 1859.

John H. Andrews, father of George E. Andrews, was a famous shipmaster on the Great Lakes, where he was a navigator for nearly half a century. Captain Andrews was himself intended for the career of a navigator, and in his father's line learned sufficiently of navigation to qualify as a mariner. It was decided, however, that he should finish his college education, which, quite by chance, led him into other fields. His education was received in the old Western Reserve College, now Adelbert College of Cleveland, from which he was graduated with the class of 1882. During his college years he made a fine record as a player on the college base ball team, which led to his being engaged to play during the summer of 1882 with the Toledo Base Ball Club, a fine semi-professional organization of that day. He had in the meanwhile, after his graduation from college, held the position of expert stenographer and private secretary to Harvey H. Brown, president of the Jackson Iron Works of Cleveland, continuing to hold this position during the winter of 1882-83. Long before the 1883 base ball season had begun Captain Andrews had received a very flattering offer to fill the position of second base with the Philadelphia National League Club, the offer coming to him from the club's manager, Harry Wright, who had observed the Captain's work on the Toledo Club.

The offer, carrying with it a salary of $3,800. was a large one for those times, and he accepted it and played second base for two years, or during 1883 and 1884, when he was changed to center field, remaining in this position with the Philadelphia Club until 1890. During his career as a professional base ball player he made quite a remarkable record as fielder, base runner and batter, his name standing high among the great ball players of those years. As a sprinter he won the prize in a 100-yard dash which he made in ten seconds flat. His fleetness of foot was proverbial in base ball circles. His record as a batter ranged consistently from .200 to 310 during his professional career. After he left the diamond he was for four years business agent of the Boston Braves, and in various ways, both from the standpoint of the player and business agent, his connection with the great American sport was a complete success.

In the meantime, while a player with the Philadelphias, he had been coming to Florida in the winter seasons for sport and recreation, and in 1884 he purchased land and began the development of a plantation on the Indian River in Brevard County. Here he began the cultivation of pineapples as a principal crop, and under his own personal supervision he built up a fine piece of property. The great freeze of 1895 practically destroyed this business, and during the summer seasons of two or three years following he was an umpire with the National League, an occupation that enabled him to recuperate financially. About this time he met Henry M. Flagler, builder of the Florida East Coast Railway, who had heard of Captain Andrews' unflagging energy, his business acumen and resourcefulness. Going to New York at Mr. Flagler's telegraphic request, Captain Andrews was, after a brief interview. given the position of executive in charge of the entertainment features of the Florida East Coast Hotel System, with headquarters at the Royal Poinciana at Palm Beach. This was a position

mainly of diplomacy, in which he met the guests and contrived to see that a congeniality of social life was maintained among them, and that their entertainment, comfort and pleasure were always provided for in proper measure. The fact that the Royal Poinciana entertained so many guests of great wealth and great fame made this period of Captain Andrews' life very rich in pleasant and memorable associations. He filled this position at Palm Beach for twelve years. Among his other duties he had general supervision of the care of the large number of yachts that annually came to these waters, owned by private parties, and this, in addition to the fact that he is familiar with navigation,. has led to his being universally known as "Captain" Andrews.

After severing his connection with the Flagler interests Captain Andrews went to the Pacific Northwest, and for two years was manager in charge of a 35,000 acre apple orchard near Spokane, Washington, owned by the Commercial Orchard Company of Washington. Returning to Florida, he located at West Palm Beach, and immediately began buying up properties in various sections of the city, which was just then getting a start on its subsequent career of continued growth and expansion. Captain Andrews has been one of the principal builders of this modern and flourishing city, these developments of his having added greatly to the city's expansion. More recently Captain Andrews has retired from active business life, but still takes care of his extensive property interests. He is devoting considerable of his time to literary work, with the ultimate object of having published his memoirs, which, because of his varied and eventful life, promise to be of fascinating interest.

In 1888 Captain Andrews married at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Mary Frances Kirby, of that city. They have two daughters, Mrs. Elizabeth Chaffin and Mrs. Grace Gruber.

C. D. KITTREDGE came to Southeast Florida with the Florida East Coast Railway, but for a dozen years past has been actively identified with Fort Lauderdale as a merchant and has been instrumental in giving this city one of the largest mercantile concerns in that section of the state. Mr. Kittredge was born at Milo in Piscataquis County, Maine, and in preparation for the serious affairs of life he was educated in the Milo High School and in the University of Maine at Orono. On coming to Florida in 1905 he acted as paymaster for the East Coast Railway on the Key West Extension, with headquarters at Maimi, and had his home in that city for six years.

Mr. Kittredge removed to Fort Lauderdale in 1911, and in 1912 became associated with the Fort Lauderdale Mercantile Company, successors to the Palm Beach Mercantile Company which had been established in 1908. Mr. Kittredge is president of this corporation, which deals in hardware and furniture, and has a business rated among the first in size and volume of trade in South Florida. The company's home is in a building specially erected for its purpose, a sixtyfoot frontage, a two-story main building and with two warehouses in the rear. Mr. Kittredge also had some banking experience. On resigning from the Railway Company at Miami he was bookkeeper and later teller of the First National Bank of that city, and on removing to Fort Lauderdale in 1911 he opened the Fort Lauderdale State Bank, the first banking institution in the city. He was active in its management until he joined the mercantile company.

with guns for Fort Barrancas, Florida, a difficult task which no other person had consented to attempt. In command of this vessel Mr. Patterson left Mobile February 10, 1866, and on the morning of the 11th of that month he brought the vessel and its barges into port at Fort Barrancas. He thence came to Pensacola, and here Captain Howard, owner of the vessel and barges, induced him to purchase a half-interest in these properties. Captain Patterson thereupon became actively identified with the reopening of navigation on the rivers of Florida and Alabama, and gradually he developed a substantial and prosperous business in the transportation of lumber and general supplies. He did much to aid in the reviving of the prostrate industrial and commercial activities of the South, and has continued his residence at Pensacola during the long intervening years, save for a period of eight years during which he was concerned with the building of the Flagler Railroad lines on the east coast. Though now venerable in years, he is vigorous of mind and physical powers, and still gives personal supervision to his important interests in the building of wharfs, docks, bridges and vessels of various types.

February 12, 1867, recorded the marriage of Captain Patterson and Emma Isabella Quina, the only daughter of Dr. Dessiderio Quina, and of the five children of this union only one is now living, Ernest W., who is the owner of the Crystal Pharmacy, one of the leading drug stores in Pensacola, Captain Patterson has a grandson and great-grandson in Birmingham, Alabama, where both are connected with the Birmingham News. Since the year 1876 Captain Patterson has been giving attention to the writing of historical matter concerning Pensacola and Escambia County, as well as this section of Florida in general. His research has been wide, touches back to the formative period in the history of the state, and the contribution which he has made and continues to make will prove of enduring historical value. He has contributed to the columns of Florida papers, and has written much in connection with the development of the resources of the state that has long been his home and the stage of his productive activities. His life has counted for much in all of its relations, and it is gratifying to offer to him a tribute in this publication.

HAROLD L. CLARK. The visitor to Palm Beach County is immediately impressed by the beautifully-artistic laid-out grounds and admirably designed houses which are to be found throughout its confines, for here the wealthy men of the country establish their winter homes, and their example of demanding a harmonious arrangement with the marvellous surroundings is followed by the permanent residents, so that here, as perhaps nowhere else in the world, there is a steady and constantly increasing demand for highclass landscape architects and contractors. Among those who have been connected with this work for years, winning a reputation that is state-wide, is Harold L. Clark, senior member of the dependable and far-famed firm of Clark & de Gottrau of West Palm Beach.

Harold L. Clark was born, reared and educated at Manchester, New Hampshire. In his early youth he became a florist and gardener, and his entire business, career has been spent in this line of work. Going to Chicago, Illinois, he was employed by the firm of Poehlman Brothers, operating one of the largest and best-known floral and

greenhouse enterprises under glass, in the West. He was also for a time associated with E. H. R. Green in the latter's extensive greenhouse business at Dallas, Texas, and spent considerable time with W. H. Elliott, of Boston, Massachusetts, a distinguished florist and botanist. Mr. Clark then went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, to take charge of the greenhouses of J. W. Wilcox, remaining there until 1918, when he came to South Florida and located at West Palm Beach, and almost immediately was given charge of the floral and arborial work and landscaping on various of the great estates at Palm Beach. In 1921 he took into partnership with him Louis de Gottrau, forming the firm of Clark & de Gottrau, landscape architects and contractors. This firm has in its charge the taking care of the floral and arborial features and the carrying out of landscape schemes for a number of the owners of famous homes and estates at Palm Beach, including the Vanderbilt, Phipps, Munn, Kingsley, Clements, Cudahy, and other magnificent places. that are the winter homes of their owners. Clark's first engagement after coming here was the landscaping of the grounds of the famous Everglades Club, which he carried out under the direction of Addison Mizner, architect. present quite extensive business has grown from the splendid work he did in his first undertaking, and is the result of his skill and experience in his profession.

Mr.

His

Mr. Clark and his partner are also the landscape architects for the City of West Palm Beach, and as such they are carrying the city's plans for the beautification and harmonization of its streets. avenues and public parks. Under this plan many trees and foliage plants are being taken up and transplanted according to modern scientific methods, and so grouped as to bring about the effect of harmony, thus adding greatly to the city's attractiveness. Various parks and park extensions are now in the course of being improved by this enterprising firm. The almost innumerable tropical growths that have long flourished, and others which can be brought to luxuriance here, including trees and plants of great value and rare beauty that can be produced nowhere in the United States except in South Florida, make Mr. Clark's business one of the greatest possibilities for usefulness in further developing Palm Beach and West Palm Beach, which already are scenes of wonder and enchantment for present visitors, and a source of enjoyment for those fortunate enough to be residents of this most favored locality. Although he has only lived here for a few years Mr. Clark is one of the most enthusiastic of the boosters of Palm Beach County, and his appreciation is based upon experienced knowledge and artistic perceptions. His presence here and the work he is accomplishing of both a private and public nature is recognized to be among the valuable assets of the county, and his name is connected with some of the best results now being obtained from all sources.

GEORGE E. ANDREWS. One of the men who has been connected with some of the most constructive work at Palm Beach and West Palm Beach, and whose efforts have resulted in a most remarkable development of the county is Capt. George E. Andrews, of West Palm Beach. In much of his work after coming to Florida he was associated with the late Henry M. Flagler, and he is still carrying on many of the plans formulated