teacher in the schools of his home county, the greater part of his work in this period having been in the graded schools. Upon retiring from the pedagogic profession he became a train conductor on the line of the Florida & Alabama Railroad. He continued his service in this capacity three years, and then resigned, owing to his appointment to the office of county superintendent of schools for Santa Rosa County, in the summer of 1920, after the resignation of the regular incumbent. In the autumn of the same year he was elected to this office for the regular term of four years beginning in January, 1921, and his administration is fully justifying his selection for this important office.

Mr. Hobbs is found loyally arrayed in the ranks of the democratic party, he and his wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and he is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias, including the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khorassan.

In July, 1914, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Hobbs to Miss Lelia Hessie Simmons, who likewise was born and reared in Santa Rosa County, and who is a daughter of O. O. and Margaret Simmons, the latter of whom still resides in this county. O. O. Simmons was at the time of his death one of the honored and influential citizens of this county where he had been actively concerned in farming and logging enterprises, besides having conducted a general store at Botts. He served as county demonstrator and agent, as postmaster at Botts and as a member of the school board of that village, which last named position he held several years. Mr. and Mrs. Hobbs have two fine little sons, Raymond Simmons, and John.

JOSEPH J. BECKHAM. One of the oldest passenger conductors in point of service in the South, Joseph J. Beckham is widely and favorably known among the traveling public. For thirtyseven years he has traveled on various runs, first for the Seaboard Railway and since 1905 for the Southern Railway System, and during this time has won the friendship and esteem of men in all stations of life. During a leave of absence in 1921 he was elected municipal judge of Jacksonville, a position to which he was reelected and in which he is now serving.

Mr. Beckham was born at Naylor, Lowndes County, Georgia, September 29, 1866, and is a son of Alexander C. and Margaret L. (Boring) Beckham, both of whom are now deceased. There were but two children in the family: Joseph J. and one who died in infancy. Alexander C. Beckham was born in South Carolina, and during the early '50s came to Florida. Here he saw fighting in the Indian wars, in which he served as an officer, and this experience made him a valuable addition to the Florida forces of the Confederacy at the outbreak of the war between the states, when he joined the Grays and fought through until the close of hostilities. He showed himself a capable officer and a gallant and faithful soldier and established an enviable reputation. With the fall of the "Lost Cause" Mr. Beckham went to Alachua County, Florida, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits up to the time of his death. During his later years he did much to assist the widows and children of Confederate soldiers to secure their pensions, and any deserving cause instantly enlisted his sympathy and secured the assistance of his ability, his time and

his personal means. For many years this highly respected citizen served in the capacity of justice of the peace, and his judgment was respected by his neighbors, who brought their troubles to him, sure of finding a way out of their difficulties. In politics he was an adherent of the principles of the democratic party, and his rel gious faith was that of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a faith which he lived daily. He belonged to the Masonic order and was a past master of Waldo Lodge No. 10, F. and A. M.

After attending the public schools Joseph J. Beckham was given a course at Gainesville Seminary, then returning to his father's farm. Like many of the youths of the rural communities, he was attracted by the glamour and possible romance of the railroad, and finally secured employment as a brakeman with the Seaboard Railway Company. In 1885 he was advanced to the post of conductor, which he held until 1905, at that time transferring his services to the Southern Railway system, as passenger conductor, being still connected with this line. One of the oldest men in point of service, he is likewise one of the most highly esteemed, and his friends are legion. He belongs to the Railway Conductors Association, and his religious connection is with the Presbyterian Church. Politically a democrat, while on a leave of absence he was elected municipal judge of Jacksonville, and, being reelected, is still acting in that capacity. As a fraternalist he is affiliated with Waldo Lodge No. 10, F. and A. M.; Jacksonville Chapter No. 12, R. A. M.; Hallmark Council No. 3, R. and S. M.; Damascus Commandery No. 2, K. T., and Morocco Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S.; and Jacksonville Lodge, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

In October, 1896, Mr. Beckham married Miss Bertha M. Furman, who was born in Florida, and is worthy matron of Jacksonville Chapter No. 15, Order of the Eastern Star.

J. WARREN SCOTT. How greatly the long and intense struggle between the South and the North, during the '60s, developed the youth of the country can, in its entirety, never be known, but there are those living who entered upon the hardships incident to a soldier's life when but lads in their early 'teens, and so bravely and courageously faced every vicissitude and uncomplainingly bore suffering and hardship that their valor should be remembered when this united country counts over its heroes. The great conflict between the states, with the important issues it represented, certainly brought about a class of trained, disciplined men, whose influence has been recognized ever since. One of the heroic wearers of the Gray during the '60s, who is now associated with a number of his old comrades, acting in the way of guardian over their interests and welfare, is J. Warren Scott, superintendent of the Confederate Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Jacksonville, Florida.

Mr. Scott was born at Jacksonville, October 5, 1844, and is a son of J. Warren and Eliza A. (Pyles) Scott. His father was born at St. Stevens, New Brunswick, Canada, November 7, 1818, and as a young man came to the United States and located in Georgia, where he became a pioneer lumber merchant and sawmill operator. Later he came to Jacksonville and engaged in the lumber business, but when the Federal troops came to this city they confiscated his property and made Mr. Scott a prisoner of war, as he had in the Confederate service two sons and his brother,

Edward D., the last named of whom died while engaged in military duty. At the close of the war between the states Mr. Scott was released from prison, and, later, through the offices of the British Government, he secured from the United States Government reparation amounting to $24,000, which he invested in the lumber business, an industry with which he continued to be identified until his death in May, 1887. He was also interested in the orange grove business and owned several valuable properties. He belonged to the English Church, or Church of England. Mr. Scott married Miss Eliza A. Pyles, who was born in Georgia and died at the age of sixty-seven years, and they became the parents of nine children, of whom five survive. Among these children was Edward D. Scott, who enlisted in Company A, Third Regiment, Florida Volunteer Infantry, during the war between the states, and died about the close of the war.

The third in order of birth of his parents' children, J. Warren Scott, the younger, was largely self-educated in his youth. In the fall of 1861, when a mere lad, he enlisted in Company I, Eighth Regiment, Florida Volunteer Infantry, but was subsequently rejected because of his youth and was sent to the Ordnance Department, with which he was connected for about 11⁄2 years. At the battle of Olusta he had his baptism of fire as a member of the Sixth Florida Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Charles F. Hawkins. Later he joined Company K, First Regiment, Florida Reserves. He saw active service in the battles of Otter Creek and Gainesville, in August, 1864, and was at Natural Bridge, March 6, 1865. Subsequently he went to Tallahassee, and was paroled at Madison, May 17, 1865, having participated in all the engagements of his command and comported himself as a brave and faithful soldier.

After his father had been paroled from prison he engaged in the lumber business with the elder man for a number of years, operating a sawmill in the manufacture of lumber. In 1883 he engaged in the orange growing industry, and remained in that line until 1898, "the year of the big freeze." Mr. Scott was then employed variously until 1907, when he was elected city treasurer of South Jacksonville, and continued in that capacity until 1919, establishing a splendid record. In 1921 he was appointed superintendent of the Confederate Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Jacksonville, and this position he occupies at present. He has the affairs of the home running in efficient manner, and is working energetically in behalf of the interests of the wards placed under his care. Mr. Scott is a democrat in politics and has several civic and social connections.

On February 1, 1870, Mr. Scott was united in marriage with Emma J. Murdock, who was born at Jacksonville, June 12, 1850, and was a niece of Col. J. J. Daniel, Dr. R. P. Daniel, Dr. W. A. Daniel and Dr. John C. Le Engle. Mrs. Scott died June 5, 1915, having been the mother of the following children: Three who died in infancy; John M., who died at the age of forty-three years; James, who enlisted in the Nineteenth Coast Artillery during the Spanish-American war and died while in the service in Cuba; Warren F., of Jacksonville; Alexandria, who is the wife of F. N. Hazelton, of this city; and Emma W., who resides with her father at South Jacksonville.

CHARLES M. DURRANCE, a leading member of the Duval County bar, has since commencing

practice at Jacksonville in 1913 gained a reputation as one of the most forceful lawyers of the local bar, and as a criminal lawyer has few peers throughout the state. His keen analytical mind affords him unusual facility in working out the details of a case, and it is said that before going into the courtroom he must know that he is thoroughly prepared for every development that may arise during the trial. His contemporaries are quick to acknowledge his special abilities and his high position among the lawyers of the state.

Mr. Durrance was born February 26, 1888, at Fort Meade, Polk County, Florida, and is a son of Joseph G. and Etta (Sauls) Durrance. His paternal grandfather, Jesse Durrance, was born in Georgia and was a young man when he migrated to Florida, settling as a pioneer in what is now Polk County. There, while endeavoring to establish a home in the wilderness, he was forced not only to withstand the privations and hardships of life on the frontier, but on numerous occasions fought off the attacks of hostile Indians and gained a reputation as an Indian fighter, a recognition that was also granted his six brothers. His sister married a member of the Tillis family, famous in its day for the Indian fighting proclivities of its men. In his later years Jesse Durrance settled down to the peaceful pursuits of agriculture, and developed a productive and valuable property.

Joseph G. Durrance was born in Polk County, Florida, in 1867, and was reared on his father's farm, where he was instructed in all the departments of agricultural work. He has kept close to the soil in the activities of his career, and at this time is one of the leading orange growers of Florida, owning no less than eight producing groves, several of which are among the largest in Florida. He also owns a large packing house and engages extensively and profitably in the business of cattle raising. Politically he is a democrat, but has not taken an active part in public affairs. Mrs. Durrance, who also survives, is a native of Bradford County, Florida.

The eldest in a family of eleven children, Charles M. Durrance secured his early education in the public schools of Fort Meade and then entered John B. Stetson University at DeLand, Florida, from which he was duly graduated after taking a literary course. He then centered his attention in the study of law at the University of Virginia, and was graduated therefrom in 1913 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Coming_at once to Jacksonville, he entered upon the practice of his calling. This was at first general in its character, but gradually he began to give more and more attention to criminal cases, and at preent is acknowledged one of the leading legists in this department to be found in the state. He has been identified, on one or the other side, with most of the big cases that have come before the courts in recent years, including the famous Shepherd, the Georgia Peach King, the J. L. West and the Higginbotham cases. Mr. Durrance is a valued member of the Duval County and Florida State Bar associations, and as a fraternalist holds membership in the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias, the Theta Chi, and Delta Sigma Rho forensic fraternity, and others, in addition to which he has a number of social and civic connections. As a voter he supports the candidates of the democratic party.

WILEY J. MCDAVID is a popular citizen and efficient official at Pensacola, where he holds the

office of tax assessor of Escambia County. He was born in Santa Rosa County, Florida, July 18, 1874. His grandfather, David McDavid, was a pioneer settler and influential citizen of Santa Rosa County, where he became a successful lumber manufacturer and also a grower of and dealer in live stock. The founders of the McDavid family in America came from Scotland and settled in the Carolinas in the colonial period of our national history.

Joel A. McDavid, father of the subject of this sketch, was born near Florella, Alabama, June 15, 1831, and died at McDavid, Escambia County, Florida, July 15, 1907. He was reared in Santa Rosa County, this state, and there became prominently identified with the manufacturing of lumber. In 1905 he came to Escambia County and settled at McDavid, a place named in honor of his ancestors, and there he lived retired during the closing period of his life. He was a stalwart democrat, served a number of years as county commissioner in Santa Rosa County, and he and his wife were zealous members of the Baptist Church. Mrs. McDavid, whose maiden name was Sabra Williams, was born in Escambia County, September 26, 1834, and her death occurred at Pensacola January 8, 1920. Of the children the eldest is Maggie M., wife of James H. Diamond, a prosperous farmer in Santa Rosa County; William A., who resides at Century, Escambia County, is land agent for the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company; R. Beauregard is bookkeeper for a large wholesale grocery concern at Andalusia, Alabama; David D. is engaged in the mercantile business at Atmore, that state; Mamie, twin sister of David D., resides at Pensacola; Ida is the widow of Edward L. McDaniel, who was a successful teacher and who served several years as county superintendent of schools in Santa Rosa County, his death having there occurred at Milton, the county seat; Fannie is the wife of Joseph P. Harrison, of Century, Escambia County, he being engaged in the manufacturing of lumber; Wiley J., of this sketch, was the next in order of birth, and his twin sister, Alice, of Pensacola, is the widow of Philip G. Caro, who was here freight agent for the Louisville & Nashville Railroad at the time of his death; Walter D. is in charge of a large furniture establishment at Century.

The rural schools of Santa Rosa County afforded Wiley J. McDavid his preliminary education, and thereafter he attended Howard College, Birmingham, Alabama, until 1895. For the ensuing four years he was employed as clerk in mercantile establishments at Milton and Bagdad, and from 1903 to 1917 he was similarly engaged in the City of Pensacola. In November, 1916, he was elected tax assessor of Escambia County, and in 1920 he was re-elected for a second term of four years, expiring in January, 1925. He had previously served one term as county commissioner of Santa Rosa County, 1900-1902. He is staunchly aligned in the ranks of the democratic party, is affiliated with Damon Lodge No. 13, Knights of Pythias, at Pensacola, and he and his wife hold membership in the Baptist Church. He is the owner of his attractive home property, 1409 Lakeview Avenue.

April 20, 1906, recorded the marriage of Mr. McDavid to Miss Maude Duncan, daughter of William T. and Mattie (Shivell) Duncan, the latter of whom is deceased. Mr. Duncan is supervisor of bridges and building for the Louisville & Nashville Railroad and resides at Pensacola.

Mr. and Mrs. McDavid have one child: William Duncan, born April 11, 1912.

JOHN ELIE MATHEWS. One of the Duval County leaders in the practice of general civil law is John E. Mathews, who has been engaged in the practice of his profession at Jacksonville since 1915. Still numbered among the younger members of his calling, during the seven years that he has been engaged therein he has made rapid strides, and in addition to building up a large clientele has gained recognition by his fellowmembers.

Mr. Mathews was born at Vidalia, Toombs County, Georgia, July 19, 1892, and is a son of John W. and Ava Ophelia (McNatt) Mathews, natives of the same state. John W. Mathews was born in Irwin County, in 1858, and as a young man engaged in general merchandising, which he followed for a number of years at Gray's Landing, Vidalia. Later he turned his attention to steamboating on the Attomoha River, where he had three steamers in operation. He also carried on cotton raising and had other interests, being one of the prominent, influential and well-to-do men of his locality. He is now living retired. He is a past master of Milligan Lodge, F. and A. M., and in politics is a democrat. He belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church, as does also Mrs. Mathews, who was born in Tattnall County, Georgia, in 1875. There were five children in the family, of whom all are living.

The eldest of his parents' children, John E. Mathews received his early education in the public schools, following which he pursued a course at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Taking both the literary and law courses, he was graduated from that institution with the class of 1913, receiving the degrees of Bachelor of Science. He did not immediately commence to follow his profession. Instead, for two years, while further preparing himself, he acted as principal of the Eastman High School, and in 1915 came to Jacksonville to "hang out his shingle.' Since then he has made gratifying advancement, and has built up a large and representative practice of the most desirable kind that can fall to the lot of a young lawyer, and has specialized principally in corporation and real estate law. He maintains wellappointed offices at Suite 806 Bisbee Building, where he maintains a large law library, and while not engaged in active practice or preparing his cases devotes all leisure time to research and investigation, being an indefatigable student, as well as a voracious reader. He belongs to the Duval County Bar Association and the Florida State Bar Association, and as a fraternalist holds membership in Barnett Lodge, F. and A. M.; all Scottish Rite bodies to the thirty-second degree of Masonry, and Morocco Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S.; also holding membership in Jacksonville Lodge, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Politically he is a democrat, and his religious faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

On November 24, 1914, Mr. Mathews married Miss Alice Schumpert, who was born at Vidalia, Georgia, and they are the parents of one son: John Elie, Jr.

SHERMAN BRYAN JENNINGS. In the person of Sherman Bryan Jennings, who has been engaged in the practice of law at Jacksonville since 1916, is linked the Florida of the past and the present. Although born at Brooksville, Hernando County,

Florida, his entire professional life has been passed at Jacksonville, where he has been a part of its progressive life. Although engaged in professional work of a general character, he has been led by the logic of events which follow in the wake of a rapidly developing city to give much of his attention to commercial and real estate transactions.

Mr. Jennings was born November 11, 1893, and is a son of the late Hon. William S. and Mary (Mann) Jennings. His father, a native of Walnut Hill, Illinois, was one of the leading figures in the public life of the state for many years and at one time was governor of Florida. He died in 1920. Mrs. Jennings, a native of Centerville, New Jersey, survives. The only child of his parents, Sherman B. Jennings received his early education at Brooksville, following which he pursued a literary course at Stetson University, from which he was graduated in 1915, and then prosecuted his legal studies in the law department of the same institution, receiving his degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1916. In 1920 the honorary degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by his alma mater. Mr. Jennings began practice at Jacksonville in 1916, and has made rapid strides in his calling. He maintains offices in the Dyal Upchurch Building, and is a member of the Duval County Bar Association and the Florida State Bar Association. Mr. Jennings belongs to the Jacksonville Real Estate Board, of which he was formerly president, the Jacksonville Country Club and the Alpha Delta and Phi Kappa Delta fraternities, and is a trustee of John B. Stetson University of DeLand, Florida. His religious connection is with the Baptist Church.

On July 2, 1918, Mr. Jennings was united in marriage with Miss Dorothy Brown, who was born at Atlanta, Georgia, the first of the three children of George E. and Lelia Brown, natives of New York State. Three children have been born to this union: Lelia May, Sherman Bryan, Jr., and Dorothy, the latter two being twins.

JOSEPH CHADWICK MADISON, justice of the peace at Jacksonville, has led an active career of a somewhat diversified character, in which his versatile talents have been brought into play in discharging the duties of positions of a varied nature. He has traveled extensively, is a man of more than ordinary learning, and in his present position, in which he is serving his first term, is fully maintaining his place in the esteem and confidence of his fellow-citizens.

Mr. Madison was born January 3, 1862, at San Francisco, California, and is a son of P. M. and Harriet (Cutler). Madison, the former a native of Connecticut and the latter of New York State. P. M. Madison received a college education, and as a young man engaged in civil engineering, which he followed until 1849, in that year joining the gold rush to California, to which state he traveled via the Isthmus of Panama in a sailing vessel. On his arrival he first gave his attention to the lumber business at Sacramento, but later spent some time in gold mining. His ventures, however, did not succeed in these directions, and he returned to the vocation of civil engineering, in which he passed the remainder of his life, being located in various communities. He was originally a whig and later a republican in politics, and as a fraternalist was affiliated with the Masons, in which order he attained to the Knight Templar degree. He attended and helped

to support the Baptist Church, of which Mrs. Madison, who is also deceased, was a devout member.

Of the eight children born to P. M. and Harriet Madison four are living. Joseph Chadwick Madison, the fourth child in order of birth, attended the public schools of Williamsburg, New York, and Rhode Island, and in the latter state and New Jersey mastered the trade of machinist. He first came to Florida in 1892, and spent some time clerking in hotels, following which he secured a position with the City of Jacksonville as an inspector during the raising of $1,000,000 on the first bond issue. During the SpanishAmerican war he was an inspector on public works at Tampa for about one year, and then returned to Jacksonville and secured a position with the Benedict-Pollack Company, a wholesale dry goods house, with which he remained for four years as traveling representative. On leaving this concern he joined the sales force of the Covington Company, also a wholesale dry goods enterprise, and remained therewith for fourteen years. When he retired from the road Mr. Madison became private secretary to Hon. John Martin, mayor of Jacksonville, a position which he retained for 32 years, and in November, 1920, was elected justice of the peace for a year's term, taking that office January 4, 1921. Judge Madison is a member of Jacksonville Lodge No. 445, Loyal Order of Moose, and is a past dictator thereof. In politics he is a democrat, and is considered one of the strong and capable men of his party at Jacksonville. He has several civic connections of importance, and in various movements for the general welfare has aligned himself with other farsighted and publicspirited citizens in forwarding the interests of the city and its people.

In 1897 Mr. Madison was united in marriage with Miss Mary Matilda McKee, of Canada, and to his union there have been born two sons: Samuel McKee, who died in infancy; and William McKee, educated in the schools of Duval County, Florida, and the law department of the University of Florida, from which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1921. He is now engaged in the practice of law at Jacksonville.

FREDERIC L. JACOBS, secretary of the Southern Drug Manufacturing Company of Jacksonville, Florida, is one of the dependable business men of this part of the state, and one of the active factors in the Masonic fraternity in this section of the country. He was born at Columbia, South Carolina, December 13, 1862, a son of Frederic C. and Louise (Lyons) Jacobs, both of whom are deceased. The parents had six children, all of whom are living, and Mr. Jacobs of this notice was the first born. The father was a steamboat man for many years, and later held public office. During the war between the North and the South he was a staff officer in the Confederate Army, and as such participated in all of the battles and campaigns of his command. He was an ardent democrat in his political convictions.

Growing to years of usefulness at Columbia, Frederic L. Jacobs attended a private school of his native city, and when he was sixteen years old he entered the employ of the Columbia Gas Company, with which he remained for two years. Going to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he became a bookkeeper for John Wannamaker, and held that position until he was twenty-one. At that time Mr. Jacobs went into the retail drug busi

ness at Asheville, North Carolina, and was SO engaged for about eight years. During two years of this period he was in business for himself. He then became a traveling salesman, representing John Wyeth & Brother of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and after over eleven years with that firm was with J. L. Ellwoodlee & Company. Still later he was engaged with Frederick Stearns & Company of Detroit, Michigan, and then, in April, 1907, came to Jacksonville to become associated with the Southern Drug Manufacturing Company. A communicant of the Episcopal Church, he belongs to Saint Mary's parish, and is president of the choir.

Mr. Jacobs married Elmira Mae Poelstra. He was made a Mason at Asheville, North Carolina, by Mount Hermon Lodge No. 118, F. and A. M., October 13, 1884. He entered the Apprentice Fellow Craft October 16, 1884, and was raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason October 20, 1884. From 1884 to 1887 he continued with this lodge and then demitted. On July 5, 1917, he was made a member of Solomon Lodge No. 20, Jacksonville, Florida.

On November 19, 1884, Mr. Jacobs was initiated in Asheville Chapter No. 25, R. A. M., taking two degrees on the same date. On November 26, 1884, he received the highest degree in that body. On July 12, 1917, he affiliated with Jacksonville Chapter No. 12, R. A. M. On November 26, 1884, he was made a Royal and Select Mason and a Supreme Excellent Mason in Ionic Council No. 9 at Asheville, North Carolina. He demitted July 19, 1917, and affiliated with Hallmark Council No. 3, R. S. M., December 19, 1917, at Jacksonville.

On June 1, 1885, he was made a Red Cross Knight Templar and Knight of Malta by Cyrene Commandery No. 5, K. T., at Asheville, North Carolina, and served it as eminent commander from September 27, 1888, to the same date the

following year. He was made grand junior warden of the Grand Commandery of North Carolina in 1889, and grand senior warden in 1890. He demitted June 28, 1917, and affiliated with Damascus Commandery, Jacksonville, September 11, 1917.

The Scottish Rite degrees were conferred on Mr. Jacobs by J. W. Courtland, and he was raised to the thirty-second degree at Asheville, North Carolina, December 23 and 24, 1893. He demitted from Asheville Lodge of Perfection October 9, 1917, and affiliated with Orient Lodge of Perfection No. 4 at Jacksonville, Chapter Rose Croix, McLean Council of Kadosh, Florida Consistory, November 2, 1917.

Mr. Jacobs was elected Knight Commander of the Court of Honor by Supreme Council 33 for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, October 21, 1919. He was made a Noble of the Ancient and Accepted Order of the Mystic Shrine at New Orleans, Jerusalem Temple, February 7, 1892, and demitted and affiliated with Oasis Temple February 11, 1895, and affiliated with Morocco Temple, Jacksonville, December 14, 1910. He was made a member of the Order of the Eastern Star by Jacksonville Chapter No. 15, February 7, 1918.

Mr. Jacobs is also connected with other fraternities, and is a past vice grand chancellor of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina, K. of P., and is past chancellor of Pisgah Lodge No. 32, K. of P., of Asheville, North Carolina. He is a member of Swanna Lodge No. 56, I. O. O. F., which he joined in August, 1896. He was initi

ated by Jacksonville Lodge No. 221, B. P. O. E., for Asheville Lodge, North Carolina, January 16, 1904, and demitted to Jacksonville Lodge, April 11, 1911, and is a past exalted ruler of the latter. Probably no other man in Florida has so many fraternal connections as he, and few have had so many fraternal honors bestowed upon them. He is zealous in his work for his orders, especially all of the branches of Masonry, and has accomplished much in arousing and maintaining interest among his fraternal associates.

GEORGE M. ROBBINS. In view of the wide diversity of interests he represented and managed, the late George M. Robbins was one of the foremost lawyers and business men of the state. His home for upwards of thirty years was at Titusville, but he was closely associated in many ways with the development of South Florida, including the country around Miami.

Mr. Robbins was a native of Bath, Maine. He was first educated for the engineering profession, being a graduate of the Polytechnic Institute of Worcester, Massachusetts. As a young engineer he was employed on construction work of the Mexican Central Railway in old Mexico. Subsequently he studied law, taking the full course at the Albany Law School in New York. On completing his legal education he came to Florida in 1885, and for about a year practiced at Orlando. Then in 1886 he removed to Titusville. At that time his law practice was not sufficient to engage all his talents, and he combined with it work as an engineer. He conducted surveying and other engineering operations along the Indian River. In a few years his law practice had reached proportions to absorb all his time and energies and he about that time became associated with the late Dr. W. S. Graham, who died at Miami. The firm of Robbins & Graham has long been a prominent one in the bar and in business activities. Robbins & Graham combined with an extensive law practice a large real estate and abstract business. In time Doctor Graham took charge of the company's business at Miami, and a branch office was also opened at West Palm Beach under a separate corporate organization. C. C. Chillingworth of West Palm Beach became a member of the firm Robbin, Graham and Chillingworth and in charge of the West Palm Beach office. This firm bought, platted and placed on the market a large body of land now included in North Miami.

When this firm was dissolved Mr. Robbins resumed individual law practice at Titusville.__He was local council for the Florida East Coast Railway until his death. He was a lawyer and citizen of real distinction in Florida, possessed of versatile talents, and his death at Titusville, October 8, 1912, was a loss to his community as well as to his family. He was a Mason, Shriner and a member of the Eastern Star.

George M. Robbins married Miss Mary Paddison, who survives him and resides at Titusville. She is a daughter of the late Capt. R. P. Paddison, whose career made him one of the most prominent men in the development of East Florida. He was born in North Carolina, was a Confederate soldier, beginning his service at the age of fifteen, subsequenty was a steamboat captain and was a pioneer in the river and coast transportation of Florida. In 1886 he moved his family to Titusville, and was one of the first to operate steamboats on the Indian River. He was captain of the steamer that brought part of the