fuse to carry out the decree of this Court. If such repudiation should be absolutely asserted, we can then consider by what means the decree may be enforced. Consent to be sued was given when West Virginia was admitted into the Union, and it must be assumed that the Legislature of West Virginia would, in the natural course, make provision for the satisfaction of any decree that may be rendered."

In 1908 the case was again argued on motion to appoint a master to determine the amount of the debt payable (209 U. S., 514). The master made his report in 1910, and in 1911 the Court entered a decree fixing the amount payable by West Virginia to Virginia, but gave further time to West Virginia to review the calculations in order to detect any possible errors. In so doing it said that the case was "no ordinary commercial suit, but ***a quasi-international difference referred to this Court in reliance upon the honor and constitutional obligations of the States concerned rather than upon ordinary remedies." (220 U. S., 1, 36.)

West Virginia still manifested great reluctance to pay the amount of the decree or to take any steps looking to such payment. Virginia in the latter part of the same year asked the Court to proceed at once to a final decree. West Virginia stated, however, that she wished still more time to negotiate and reach a settlement with Virginia. Accordingly more time was given, with no better effect upon West Virginia's readiness to pay (222 U. S., 17). Again, in 1913, Virginia moved the Court to enter final judgment. Again West Virginia asked for more time to consider the matter, and more time was given (231 U. S., 89). When the case again came up, in 1914, West Virginia asked leave to file a supplemental answer setting up additional credits and set-offs claimed. Again the Supreme Court refrained from enter

ing a final judgment, saying that since the suit was not an ordinary one between individuals but was a controversy between States involving grave questions of public law determinable by the Supreme Court under the exceptional grant of power appointed by the Constitution, the defendant State was not to be pressed to a judgment until every consideration that it desired to advance had been given its proper weight (234 U. S., 117). Not until June of this year was a final decree entered.It can never be expected that wars arising from disputes about the fundamental things of the world's life can be avoided, but there are few such wars. Certainly the one now raging cannot be so regarded. The abatement of the huge armaments that have made Europe during the last 40 years a great armed camp will remove the dangerously explosive factor in international relations. A death wound may not be inflicted on a nation in a fortnight, and the knowledge that six months or a year must elapse before a dangerous army can be equipped and put in the field will tend to produce that calm and deliberate procedure in diplomatic relations that is favorable to the substitution of an orderly legal arbitration for the horrors and unspeakable waste of war. May we not, then, reasonably hope that now is the time to make this great forward step toward establishing the rule of law among nations--a step so long and sadly delayed? Many great and wise men are earnestly working toward this event.

The solution of this fearful problem lies in an enlightened and vigorous world opinion. To end war the world must know how it can be done, and will that it shall be done. If the people of the world will that wars shall cease, the militarist in his fortress and the diplomat in his cabinet will be alike powerless to spill the blood and treasure of the nations.

THE DYEING INDUSTRY

The average American woman who

understands the state of commercial affairs at the present time is moderate in her demands. Knowing that a large per cent. of the clothing, house furnishings, and other necessities of life which were formerly imported are now being made in this country for the first time, she willingly takes what is offered at a fair price.

But, unfortunately there is a certain class of people in every world crisis whom it is next to impossible to please. Just now this class in America is clamoring for imported goods at the former prices. It is well to be æsthetic enough to appreciate the beautiful, but one's artistic temperament should not entirely deprive one of common sense. A few unobtainable colors should not be essential to a person's happiness.

The United States has never discovered Germany's secrets concerning the production of certain dyes. For forty years or more German chemists have been experimenting with natural and artificial dyes, with the well-known result that in the manufacture of synthetic dyes they have reached a success unequaled by chemists of any other nation. In fact, so great has been the German's success not only in discovery, but also in cheap production of these dyes, that at the outbreak of the present war the world was almost entirely dependent on Germany for its dyestuffs. The blockade by Great Britain of German shipping has

brought about a world-wide dye-famine, and rocked the textile industry to its very foundations.

Consequently the chemists of the world, and especially American chemists, are confronted with the problem of relieving this famine. And the American woman, over-confident and truly thoughtless, is demanding American brains and labor to "stand and deliver," immediately, what it took German study forty years to evolve and perfect!

Hopeless as the case may appear from a first glance below the surface, much has been done. Feeling the urgency of the situation, the man to whom the world already owes so much, and to whom the people of the nation have come to look when the need of invention becomes evident, has bestirred bestirred himself and his immense plant in behalf of American industry. Not waiting for discovery to come about as a result of accident, Thomas Edison first determines the limits of possibility for discovery in a given field; he then eliminates each possibility in turn, by experiment, until the correct one is found. With such methods in operation there is hope for rapid development, but even so, it is only reasonable to expect that it must require years, not months, to reinstate in textile industry the dyes that are essential to it. Until that time arrives. every woman should try to be moderate in her demands, and if she cannot obtain exactly what she wants, to be content with what she can get.

H

FRANCIS MACMILLEN

SOLOIST-COMPOSER

IS ability as a violinist of the first rank is an established fact, but his advent as a composer is a new phase of his musician's genius.

The general public, which had followed his wide career as a violinist, received its first glimpse of his talent as a composer at the time he introduced his own "Causerie" at a London recital in the spring of 1910. Since then, this piece has achieved very unusual success in Europe and an American edition has been published by Carl Fischer, New York.

This same firm has recently published several new compositions and arrangements all of which give evidence of Macmillen's unquestionable talents as a composer and transcriber for his instrument. Principal among his qualifications should be mentioned the fascinating melodious charm of his musical ideas, the brilliancy of his settings and the distinctive tone of originality underlying his creative work.

Macmillen's new violin works should come as a welcome addition to the concert repertoire of all prominent soloists. and advanced players. They are charming throughout, genuinely artistic and constitute a decided and valuable addition to the literature of modern concert works for the violin.

Cecil Fanning, baritone, assisted by H. B. Turpin at the piano, offered a varied program at his song recital in Aeolian Hall on January 4th. Among other interesting features were Schubert's "Die Schoene Muellerin," Hubert Pataky's "Teufelslied," two Debussy songs, and English group that included "The Last Leaf" by Sidney

Homer, "The Lute Player's House" by Winthrop L. Rogers, "Smuggler's Song" by Marshall Kernochan, and "March Call," written for Mr. Fanning by Francesco De Leone. The concert was a grand success in every respect.

Kathleen Parlow, the Canadian violinist, returned to America after a two years' absence, and gave her first recital of the season in Aeolian Hall on January 5th. Miss Parlow played the Glazounow Concerto in A Minor, the Vitali Chaconne, and works of Josef Suk, Brahms-Joachim, for Aulin and Sarasate. The violinist was assisted by Homer Samuels at the piano. Both performers won new laurels.

Pablo Casals appeared in the triple rôle of 'cello soloist, conductor and piano accompanist at the concert given with Mrs. Susan Metcalfe-Casals, soprano, in Aeolian Hall Saturday afternoon, January 8th. There was an abridged orchestra of the New York Symphony Society, which Victor Kolar conducted for Mr. Casals's performance of a Boccherini Concerto, which has never been played before in America and which the 'cellist performed with great success abroad. Mr. Casals conducted the orchestra for the Mozart arias which Mrs. Casals sang, and played the piano for her solo group. There were also two songs of Emanuel Moor with viola obligato; while Mr. Casals played a Bach suite for 'cello alone.

Among interesting Aeolian Hall concerts scheduled for January are: The first American appearance of Eddy Brown, violinist, Friday afternoon, January 14th; a joint recital by Harold Bauer and Pablo Casals on Tuesday afternoon, January 18th; piano recital by Herma

The Symphony Society of New York, Walter Damrosch, conductor, presented a series of excerpts from the Incidental Music to "Iphigenia in Aulis," by Walter Damrosch, played for the first time in. New York as part of the program of Friday, December 17th, at the concert Sunday afternoon, December 19th, at Aeolian Hall. Mr. Damrosch wrote this music for Miss Margaret Anglin's production of Euripides, "Iphigenia in Aulis" at the open-air Greek Theatre of the University of California at Berkeley, last July. Merle Alcock, the contralto, who appeared with Miss Anglin, sang the prologue. Pablo Casals, the worldfamous 'cellist, was the soloist of the afternoon, playing Lalo's concerto in D. minor with the orchestra and one of the Damrosch numbers, "Iphigenia's Farewell." The complete program follows: 1. Symphony in B minor (unfinished)

Schubert

2. Concerto for Violoncello, in D minor Lalo

PABLO CASALS

the receipts for the first half of the season just ended are twenty-five per cent. in excess of last year. The second series of eight Sunday afternoon subscription concerts began January 2nd with an all-Beethoven program. The soloists for the series include Fritz Kreisler, Schumann-Heink, Josef Hofmann, Louise Homer, Marcia Van Dresser, Alexander Saslavsky, L. A. Schmit and others.

Among the symphonic works to be performed are the following: Beethoven's Second and Seventh Symphonies, Schubert's Symphony in C, Brahms Second and Third Symphonies, Dvorak's Symphony, "From the New World"; Kallinikow's Symphony in G minor, Schumann's Symphony No. 4, a Symphonic Poem, "Ultava," by Smetana; a Festal March, "Louisianna," by Van der Stucken, and the novelties will include Victor Kolar's Symphony in D; David Stanley Smith's overture, "Prince Hal"; Daniel Gregory Mason's Prelude to the "Pageant of Cape Cod"; and "Pupazzi," by F. Schmit.

The concert of February 27th will be especially attractive in that it will be devoted exclusively to works of a more intimate character, including Arnold Schonberg's "Kammersymphonie," for fifteen solo instruments; a serenade by