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according my appreciation of the interest you have manifested in my mission and of the series of personal courtesies contributing so acceptably to my sojourn on Ottoman soil.

I bave, &c.,

WM. K. LIBBY.

[Inclosure 2 in No. 147.-From the Advertiser, April 2, 1886, Constantinople.]

PETROLEUM IN EGYPT.

The recent discovery of petroleum wells in Egypt comes at an opportune moment for the fortunes of the country, always supposing that the supply should turn out to be as plentiful as it is well situated. When the news first arrived that oil had been "struck" near Suez, observes the Standard, some incredulity was-not unnaturally-expressed regarding the substantiality of the discovery. For some reason, probably because the great petroleum wells of America are, for the most part, in a carboniferous district, there is a popular notion that petroleum is intimately connected with coal; in reality there is no necessary relationship between the mineral and the liquid fnels. In Persia, China, Japan, Burmah, Baku, Galicia, and in various parts of Canada and the United States, not to mention the indications reported from Morocco, rock-oil occurs in all geological formations, from Silurian up to Tertiary, and the two epochs of the earth history with which it is most intimately connected are the Silurian and the lower half of the Tertiary systems, in which coal is either absent or very sparely distributed.

The most productive region in the eastern hemisphere lies in the eocene and miocene of the Carpathians, Transylvania, and the Caucasus.

Two years ago M. Debay, a Belgian explorer, was sent to examine the neighborhood. For many months he has been more or less engaged in developing the wells at the cost of the Egyptian Government, and has now succeeded in establishing a little colony to workmen on the spot. After penetrating through beds of sulphur, shale, clay, limestone, and sandstone, he "struck oil," and ascertained that it exists in considerable abundance all over the neighborhood. A single well yields about 2 tons a day of the high specific gravity of 850, water being 1,000; and as the district is easily accessible from a part of the coast where there is a good anchorage, there is a fair prospect of a productive industry which should not only make the navigation of the Red Sea more tolerable but also improve the chances of a paying railway from the Red Sea coast to Cairo and to Berber. Fuel is power; but a self-stoking fuel in the torrid zone should be power combined with luxury.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

A.

Alcoholic liquors: international conference at the Hague to regulate sale of,
to North Sea fishermen

Annexation of the Marshall, Brown, and Providence Islands by Germany
Argentine Republic: assault on President of

extradition law of

opening of Congress; message of President Roca; imports and exports;
back assets; post-office and telegraph returns; public improvements;
finances; education

Arresures, Francisco. (See Mexico.)

Asylum, right of, in United States offices in Hayti...

Austria-Hungary: citizenship case of Friedrich de Bourry..

citizenship case of Albert Landau

Authors, Belgian law concerning rights of..

Page.

752

333

1

530

7,12

10, 11

23

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demonstrations in favor of granting amnesty to participants in riots at

Charleroi and Liege

labor commission appointed

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treaty of commerce and friendship with Liberia

Bourry, Friedrich de. (See Citizenship.)

Brazil: claim of James C. Jewett against, for guano discoveries; claim pro-

nounced unjust

Bureau of nationality in Turkey, law regulating

Burmeister, C. H. G. J. F. (See Germany.)

C.

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Caroline Islands: claims of Germany and Spain to sovereignty; decision of
the Pope as mediator, and protocol between Germany and Spain.....
rights of Americans in..

776

.831, 832, 833, 834

Central America: election of President and Vice-President in Guatemala....
invasion of Nicaragua...

50

48, 49

martial law proclaimed in Salvador..

neutrality of United States, alleged violation of, by filibustering expedi-
tions against Honduras and Salvador..

report on the mining industry of Honduras

settlement of differences between Nicaragua and Guatemala..
treaty of peace between Nicaragua and Salvador.....

union of; causes of dissolution of original confederacy and attempts made

58,60

to restore union

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50

56

60

63

871

Pages

measures taken to suppress..

China: attack on Chinese at Rock Springs, Wyoming; claim of China for
indemnity

excitement at Shanghai caused by reported refusal of President to enter-
tain claim...

attacks upon Chinese on Pacific coast.

.... 101, 158

77

81

154-158

dredging of the Woosung bar to be resumed

91

floods in the province of Chihli

100

imposition of full duty on damaged tea exported from Foochow

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modification of likin tax and duties on foreign goods under transit passes.

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trade of Shanghai; removal of hindrances to; interview between cham-

ber of commerce and British minister

Chinese immigration: Hawaiian regulations concerning.

Citizenship: case of Friedrich de Bourry in Austria-Hungary.

case of A. C. A. Cranz in Belgium..

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City of Mexico: American steamer, suspected of intent to violate neutrality

Claim of James C. Jewett v. Brazil.

D. W. Ostrander to an estate in Belgium

Claims for damages suffered during conflict between France and Madagascar:
notice of France to present.......

Colombia: adoption and text of new constitution

suppression of the Star and Herald and La Estrella de Panama, news-
papers owned by Americans at Panama

303
176, 179

... 168, 171, 175
Commerce: claim of Italy that shipping act of June 26, 1884, discriminates
against Italian ships and goods

claim of Holland that United States discriminate against Sumatra to-
bacco..

customs acts of Canada....

556,557

746, 749, 751, 760, 761
431

declaration concerning reciprocal freedom of, between German and Eng-
lish possessions in West Pacific Ocean...

329

duties on food products of the United States in Mexico

567,568

duties on foreign goods under transit passes in China, modification of.....
duties on damaged goods in China...

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proposed increase of duty on petroleum in the Dutch colonies.734, 737, 740, 741, 748
proposed modification of the customs tariff of the Netherlands..

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trade of Shanghai, hindrances to; conference of chamber of commerce with
British minister..

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Congo: Independent Free State of the; decree regulating shipping
extradition of criminals

judicial system of; organization of the Government of; ordinance regu-
lating occupancy of lands in

loan of 100,000,000 francs and plan for reimbursement.

postal service and registry of births and deaths to be established

.13, 14, 15

provisions concerning real property

schedule of export duties...

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23

33

30

syndicate for the construction of a railroad around the Congo Falls....

14

Constitution (new) of Colombia

Copyright Convention, International, at Berne

Corea affairs in; transmission of slavery and guilds for furnishing slave

law of Belgium.

:

labor abolished

attack upon Corean customs officers by Chinese..
completion of telegraph line with Peking..

1.

Page.

176, 179

.852,860, 861

23

214

210

207

207, 219

221
215, 221

214

foreign settlement at Chemulpho; difficulties in the way of its organiza-

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431

461

Cutting, A. K. (See Mexico.)

D.

Dahomey protectorate established over, by Portngal.

Dalton estate in England: has no existence..

Desertions from Belgian vessels in United States ports; no law to punish

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Earthquake in the United States: telegram of sympathy from Queen of
Great Britain....

412

telegram of sympathy from King of Hawaii.

529

Ecuador: arrest and imprisonment of Julio R. Santos, an American citizen.. 224-297
released

271

Estates in Belgium: law concerning inheritance..

38

(unclaimed) in England..

334

Expulsion of foreigners from Germany: case of C. H. G. J. F. Burmeister. 322, 323,

324, 326

case of Knud N. Knudson

323

cases of fifteen Americans expelled from the island of Föhr.
construction of Bancroft treaty of 1868..

310, 311

315, 317

speech of Austrian premier admitting Germany's right of expulsion.

309

Extradition: from the Independent Free State of the Congo

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France: citizenship status of Victor Labroue; born in France of a naturalized
American of French origin

301, 303

claims for damages suffered during conflict between France and Mada-
gascar; notice to present.....

308

negotiation of treaties by commander of French gunboat with native
Liberian chiefs......

298, 304, 305

treaty with Madagascar, assuming protectorate over that island.

290

G.

George, Charles L. (See Germany.)

Germany: annexation of the Marshall, Brown, and Providence Islands.
citizenship case of Charles L. George.

declaration concerning reciprocal freedom of trade between German and
English possessions in West Pacific Ocean..

333

.317, 325, 327

329

350

310, 311

declaration concerning boundaries of English and German possessions in
West Pacific Ocean.

expulsion of foreigners: cases of fifteen Americans expelled from the
Island of Föhr..

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