AND OF THE CONSTITUTION OF A PROPOSED

INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL

1. Each signatory to the arbitration treaty shall nominate judges according to population of such signatory. For fifteen millions and under, one judge: between fifteen and twenty-five millions, two judges; over twenty-five millions, three judges and

no more.

2. At the first session of the international tribunal, the members thereof shall elect their president by ballot.

3. When any question is submitted, concerning which not more than three nations are at issue, the judges representing such nations shall retire from the bench and shall be at liberty to act as counsel for their respective nations, but all questions affecting more than three nations shall be heard and decided by the entire bench.

4. The salaries of the judges shall be paid by the nations which they represent.

5. Contending nations shall appear by such counsel as they may think fit to employ, but judges may not act as counsel, except as provided in Art. 3.

6. Each nation shall, by its judge or judges, select and name a place of session within its territory. An alphabetical list of such places shall be drawn up, and the tribunal shall sit at each place in rotation, except as provided in Art. 7.

7. The tribunal shall not sit at the place of session of any nation which is a party to the question to be decided, notwithstanding that such nation is next in order on the rota-list, but in such case, the session shall be held at the place of session of the nation immediately following on the rota-list which shall not be a party to the questions to be decided; and places of session

so postponed, shall pro hâc vice exchange positions on the rota-list, with places of session so substituted.

8. The judges shall collect existing precedents of international law, to form the basis of a future code.

9. The language of the tribunal shall be the French tongue.*

10. It shall be lawful for the tribunal to interfere in cases of internal disturbances in nations being parties to the arbitration treaty whenever, in their opinion, such disturbances are calculated to lead to internecine conflicts.

11. The international police shall be at the disposal of the tribunal to execute any orders it may think fit to issue.

The French language has been inserted here as being the recognised medium of diplomatic communications.

RULES PROPOSED BY THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.

ADOPTED AT THE HAGUE, AUGUST 28TH, 1875.

The Institute, desiring that recourse to Arbitration for the settlement of international disputes should be more and more resorted to by civilised peoples, hopes to contribute usefully to the realisation of this progress by proposing the following possible regulations for the Arbitral Tribunals. It recommends it for entire or partial adoption by those State which may form Arbitration Agreements.

ART. 1.-An Agreement to arbitrate is concluded by a valid international treaty.

It may be so concluded:

(a.) By anticipation, whether for any and every difference, or for those of a certain class specially to be designated, that may arise between the Contracting States;

(b.) For one or more differences already existing.

ART. 2.—The Agreement to arbitrate gives to each of the Contracting Parties the right to appeal to the Arbitration Tribunal which it designates for the decision of the question in dispute. If the Agreement to arbitrate does not designate the number and names of the arbitrators, the Arbitration Tribunal shall proceed according to the provisions laid down in the Agreement to arbitrate, or in some other agreement.

If there be no such provision, each of the Contracting Parties shall choose an arbitrator, and the two arbitrators thus appointed shall choose a third arbitrator, or name a third person who shall appoint him.

If the two arbitrators appointed by the parties cannot agree on the choice of a third arbitrator, or if one of the parties refuses the co-operation which, according to the Agreement to arbitrate, he should give to the formation of the Court of Arbitration, or if the person named refuses to choose, the Agreement to arbitrate is annulled.

ART. 3.-If in the first instance, or because they have not been

PROJET DE RÈGLEMENT POUR LA PROCÉDURE ARBITRALE INTERNATIONALE

ADOPTÉ PAR L'INSTITUT DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL LE 28 AOÛT 1875 À LA HAYE.

L'Institut, désirant que le recours à l'arbitrage pour la solution des conflits internationaux soit de plus en plus pratiqué par les peuples civilisés, espère concourir utilement à la réalisation de ce progrès en proposant pour les tribunaux arbitraux le règlement éventuel suivant. Il le recommande à l'adoption entière ou partielle des Etats qui concluraient des compromis.

ART. 1.-Le compromis est conclu par traité international valable.

Il peut l'être :

(a.) D'avance, soit pour toutes contestations, soit pour les contestations d'une certaine espèce à déterminer, qui pourraient s'élever entre les Etats contractants :

(b.) Pour une contestation ou plusieurs contestations déjà nées entre les Etats contractants.

ART. 2.-Le compromis donne à chacune des parties contractantes le droit de s'adresser au tribunal arbitral qu'il désigne pour la décision de la contestation. A défaut de désignation du nombre et des noms des arbitres dans le compromis, le tribunal arbitral se règlera selon les dispositions prescrites par le compromis ou par une autre convention.

A défaut de disposition, chacune des parties contractantes choisit de son côté un arbitre, et les deux arbitres ainsi nommés choisissent un tiers-arbitre ou désignent une personne tierce qui l'indiquera.

Si les deux arbitres nommés par les parties ne peuvent s'accorder sur le choix d'un tiers-arbitre, ou si l'une des parties refuse la coopération qu'elle doit prêter selon le compromis à la formation du tribunal arbitral, ou si la personne désignée refuse de choisir, le compromis est éteint.

ART. 3.-Si dès le principe, ou parce qu'elles n'ont pu tomber

able to agree on the choice of arbitrators, the Contracting Parties have agreed that the Arbitration Tribunal should be formed by a third person named by them, and if the person named undertakes the formation of the tribunal, the course to be followed shall depend, first, on the provisions of the Agreement to arbitrate. If there be no such provisions, then the third person so named may either himself appoint the arbitrators, or propose a certain number of persons, among whom each of the parties shall choose.

ART. 4.-The following shall be eligible for appointment as International Arbitrators: Sovereigns and Heads of Governments, without any restriction; and all persons who are competent, according to the law of their country, to exercise the functions of arbitrator.

ART. 5.-If the parties have agreed upon individual arbitrators, the incompetency of, or the allegation of a valid objection to, one of such arbitrators, invalidates the whole agreement to arbitrate, unless the parties can agree upon another competent arbitrator.

If the Agreement to arbitrate does not prescribe the manner of selecting another arbitrator in case of incompetency, or of the allegation of a valid objection, the method prescribed for the original choice must again be followed.

ART. 6.-The acceptance of the office of arbitrator must be in writing.

ART. 7.-If an arbitrator refuses the office, or if he resigns after having accepted it, or if he dies, or becomes mentally incompetent, or if he is validly challenged on account of inability to serve according to the terms of Art. 4, then the provisions of Art. 5 shall be in force.

ART. 8.-If the seat of the Arbitration Tribunal is not named either by the Agreement to arbitrate or by a subsequent agreement of the parties, it shall be named by the arbitrator or by a majority of the arbitrators.

The Arbitration Tribunal is authorised to change the place of its sessions, only in case the performance of its duties at the place agreed upon is impossible or manifestly dangerous.