(b) Because the inventions have been registered, published, or described in any country more than one year prior to the date of the application in the country in which the patent is sought.

(c) Because the inventions have been in public use, or have been on sale in the country in which the patent has been applied for, one year prior to the date of said application.

(d) Because the inventions or discoveries are in some manner contrary to morals or laws.

ARTICLE VIII.

The ownership of a patent of invention comprises the right to enjoy the benefits thereof, and the right to assign or transfer it in accordance with the laws of the country.

ARTICLE IX.

Persons who incur civil or criminal liabilities, because of injuries or damage to the rights of inventors, shall be prosecuted and punished in accordance with the laws of the countries wherein the offense has been committed or the damage occasioned.

ARTICLE X.

Copies of patents certified in the country of origin, according to the national law thereof, shall be given full faith and credit as evidence of the right of priority, except as stated in Article VII.

ARTICLE XI.

The treaties relating to patents of invention, designs, or industrial models, previously entered into between the countries subscribing to the present convention, shall be superseded by the same from the time of its ratification in so far as the relations between the signatory States are concerned.

ARTICLE XII.

The adhesion of the American Nations to the present convention shall be communicated to the Government of the Argentine Republic in order that it may communicate them to the other States. These communications shall have the effect of an exchange of ratifications.

ARTICLE XIII.

A signatory nation that sees fit to retire from the present convention, shall notify the Government of the Argentine Republic, and one year after the receipt of the communication the force of this convention shall cease, in so far as the nation which shall have withdrawn its adherence is concerned.

In witness whereof, the plenipotentiaries have signed the present treaty and affixed thereto the seal of the Fourth International American Conference.

Made and signed in the city of Buenos Aires on the 20th day of August in the year 1910, in Spanish, English, Portuguese, and

French, and deposited in the ministry of foreign affairs of the Argentine Republic, in order that certified copies be made for transmission to each of the signatory nations through the appropriate diplomatic channels.

For the United States of America:

CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF TRADE-MARKS SIGNED BY THE DELEGATES REPRESENTING THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES REPRESENTED AT THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN STATES.

Signed at Buenos Aires August 20, 1910; ratification advised by the Senate February 8, 1911; ratified by the President March 21, 1911; ratification of the United States deposited with the Government of the Argentine Republic May 1, 1911; proclaimed Septem

ber 16, 1916.1

1 The proclamation of the President of September 16, 1916, states that, in addition to the United States, the convention has been ratified by the Governments of Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, and the ratifications of the said Governments were, by the provisions of Article XVIII of the gaid convention, deposited by their respective plenipotentiaries with the Government of the Argentine Republic."

The convention has been subsequently ratified by the Governments of Costa Rica, Haiti, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. The Argentine Republic had submitted the convention to the National Congress in the latter part of 1922.

Their Excellencies the Presidents of the United States of America, the Argentine Republic, Brazil, Chili, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, Uruguay, and Venezuela;

Being desirous that their respective countries may be represented at the Fourth International American Conference, have sent thereto the following delegates, duly authorized to approve the recommendations, resolutions, conventions, and treaties which they might deem advantageous to the interest of America:

United States of America: Henry White, Enoch H. Crowder, Lewis Nixon, John Bassett Moore, Bernard Moses, Lamar C. Quintero, Paul Samuel Reinsch, David Kinley.

Argentine Republic: Antonio Bermejo, Eduardo L. Bidau, Manuel A. Montes de Oca, Epifanio Portela, Carlos Rodríguez Larreta, Carlos Salas, José A. Terry, Estanislao S. Zeballos.

United States of Brazil: Joaquim Murtinho, Domicio da Gama, José L. Almeida Nogueria, Olavo Bilac, Gastão da Cunha, Herculano de Freitas.

Republic of Chili: Miguel Cruchaga Tocornal, Emilio Bello Codecido, Anibal Cruz Diaz, Beltrán Mathieu.

Republic of Colombia: Roberto Ancízar.

Republic of Costa Rica: Alfredo Volio.

Republic of Cuba: Carlos García Vélez, Rafael Montoro y Valdés, Gonzalo de Quesada y Aróstegui, Antonio Gonzalo Pérez, José M. Carbonell.

Dominican Republic: Américo Lugo.

Republic of Ecuador: Alejandro Cárdenas.

Republic of Guatemala: Luis Toledo Herrarte, Manuel Arroyo, Mario Estrada.

Republic of Haiti: Constantin Fouchard.

Republic of Honduras: Luis Lazo Arriaga.

Mexican United States: Victoriano Salado Alvarez, Luis Pérez

Verdía, Antonio Ramos Pedrueza, Roberto A. Esteva Ruiz.

Republic of Nicaragua: Manuel Pérez Alonso.

Republic of Panama: Belisario Porras.

Republic of Paraguay: Teodosio González, José P. Montero.

Republic of Peru: Eugenio Larrabure y Unánue, Carlos Alvárez Calderón, José Antonio de Lavalle y Pardo.

Republic of Salvador: Federico Mejía, Francisco Martinez Suárez. Republic of Uruguay: Gonzalo Ramírez, Carlos M, de Pena, Antonio M. Rodríguez, Juan José Amézaga.

United States of Venezuela: Manuel Díaz Rodríguez, César Zumeta. Who, after having presented their credentials and the same having been found in due and proper form, have agreed upon the following Convention for the Protection of Trade-Marks.

ARTICLE I

The signatory Nations enter into this Convention for the protection of trade-marks and commercial names.

ARTICLE II.

Any mark duly registered in one of the signatory States shall be considered as registered also in the other States of the Union, without prejudice to the rights of third persons and to the provisions of the laws of each State governing the same.

In order to enjoy the benefit of the foregoing, the manufacturer or merchant interested in the registry of the mark must pay, in addition to the fees or charges fixed by the laws of the State in which application for registration is first made, the sum of fifty dollars gold, which sum shall cover all the expenses of both Bureaus for the international registration in all the signatory States.

ARTICLE III.

The deposit of a trade-mark in one of the signatory States produces in favor of the depositor a right of priority for the period of six months, so as to enable the depositor to make the deposit in the other States.

Therefore the deposit made subsequently and prior to the expiration of this period can not be annulled by acts performed in the interval, especially by another deposit, by publication, or by the use of the mark.

ARTICLE IV.

The following shall be considered as trade-mark: Any sign, emblem, or especial name that merchants or manufacturers may adopt or apply to their goods or products in order to distinguish them from those of other manufacturers or merchants who manufacture or deal in articles of the same kind.

ARTICLE V.

The following can not be adopted or used as trade-mark: National, provincial, or municipal flags or coats-of-arms; immoral or scandalous figures; distinctive marks which may have been obtained by others or which may give rise to confusion with other marks; the general classification of articles; pictures or names of persons with