ART. CONTENTS OF NO. IV., VOL. XIX. ARTICLES. PAGE I. THE HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES OF ANCIENT COMMERCE.-LECTURE III.-THE 375 386 V. COMMERCE: AND THE PREJUDICES AGAINST IT. By Hon. BENJAMIN F. PORTER, of Georgia............ 392 VI. MERCANTILE BIOGRAPHY.-A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF THE HON. ASA CLAPP....... 396 VII. GRACE ON DRAFTS AT SIGHT. BY DAVID R. JAQUES, Esq., of the New York Bar.... 399 VIIL THE DRAINING OF THE EVERGLADES OF FLORIDA........ 401 MERCANTILE LAW CASES. Points in Mercantile Law, from 2 Barbour's Chancery Reports.... 403 403 A Docket of Judgments-Partnership--Bills of Exchange-Limitation of Mercantile Accounts....... 404 COMMERCIAL CHRONICLE AND REVIEW, EMBRACING A FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC., ILLUSTRATED WITH TABLES, ETC., AS FOLLOWS: Influence of events in Europe on Commerce-Import of Breadstuffs into Great Britain-Prices of Grain in England from 1845 to 1848-Leading features of the Bank of England-Discounts of the Bank of England four last years-Stagnant state of Trade-Effects on Specie-Influence of War on Commerce-State of Trade in the United States-Receipts of Produce at New Orleans-Prices of Produce at New Orleans-Foreign Exports of New Orleans-Condition of the South-Western Banks, etc., etc......... COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS. 405-411 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Hanover......... Act to provide for the Incorporation and Regulation of Telegraph Companies.... 411-415 415 ...... 416 ........... COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Cotton Crop of the United States for the years 1847-48..... Export of Cotton to Foreign Ports from September 1, 1847, to August 31, 1848.. Consumption of Cotton and Stocks...... PAGE 417 417 417 418 Cotton consumed and in the hands of Manufacturers in each year from 1828 to 1848... 418 Exports of British produce to the North American Colonies from 1840 to 1847...... 421 Imports from British North American Colonies into the United Kingdom from 1840 to 1847...... 422 422 423 Export of Breadstuffs from Ports of the United States to Great Britain and Ireland, 1847-48. 423 423 Statistics of Ship-building on the Western Waters..... Exports to the United States and Europe from Manilla for the years 1838 to 1847.. Exports of Tea from China to Great Britain...... Price of Whent in Former Days from 1043 to 1557.. Import of Cotton Wool into England and Scotland in the years 1835 to 1848. NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE. 424 424 425 425 426 Vessels wrecked on the Florida Coast and Reef......... Navigation and Marine Implements-Ship and Boat Building-Propellers.. Lights to Lead into Harwich Harbor-Newly Discovered Reef in the China Sea Discoveries and Determinations of the United States Coast Survey.... The Voyages of Merchant Vessels between England and the United States to Honolulu.. New Light house at Calais.-Floating Lights in the Prince's Channel....... Deal Island, Kent's Group-New Light at Fort Focardo, Isle of Elba... Petersburgh (Virginia) Railroad-Freight Rates, Receipts, Expenditures, etc..... 432 ... 434 436 436 437 438 A Short Chapter on the Usury Laws-American Continental Money........... 445 JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES. New Method of Puddling or Refining Iron or other Metals by Gas-fire..... Copake or Ancram Iron Works-Copper Mining on Lake Superior...................... Morn's in Trade...... 454 455 Short Measure and Deception in Fabrics-Culture of Tea in the United States..... THE BOOK TRADE. Comprehensive Notices of New Works, or New Editions................................... 457-464 HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. OCTOBER, 1848. Art. I.-THE HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES OF ANCIENT COMMERCE. LECTURE III. THE COMMERCE OF TYRE AND CARTHAGE. ORIGIN OF NAVIGATION-RISE OF TYRE AND CARTHAGE-MARITIME POWER-INFLUENCE OF NAVIGATION ON COMMERCE-ADVANTAGES OF AN INSULAR SITUATION-SHIPS OF THE ANCIENTS-LONG VOYAGES CARRYING TRADE-MANUFACTURES-WEAVING-DYEING-POTTERY-TANNING-WORKING OF METALS -COLONIES COLONIAL TRADE-RATE OF WAGES- EMIGRATION-ACCUMULATION OF CAPITALCREDIT-BANKING-BOTTOMRY-PARTNERSHIPS-JOINT STOCK COMPANIES-COMMERCIAL CHARACTER OF THE CARTHAGINIANS. In my first Lecture I laid down some of the elementary principles of commercial science. We stated that the commerce of a country depended on its productions-on its consumption-on its position-on its means of communication-on the state of its arts and sciences-on the nature of its laws, and on the genius and character of the people. We endeavored to illustrate these propositions by facts taken from the history of Ancient Egypt. In my last Lecture we traced the progress of society from an uncivilized to a commercial state; we viewed the establishment of the right of private property-the administration of justice-the founding of cities-the appointment of markets and fairs-and the introduction of money and bankers. These principles we endeavored to illustrate by facts taken from the history of Ancient Greece. We now view society arrived at a state of maturity. Property is respected-the laws are enforced-the arts and sciences are cultivated-the necessaries of life are acquired a taste for luxury has arisen-and the people are looking about in quest of the means to enrich themselves with those productions which their own soil and climate cannot supply. If we wish to trace the means by which these desires are gratified, how can we do better than to investigate the history of Tyre and of Carthage? The country called Phoenicia was situated on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, to the north-west of Canaan, and to the south-west of Syria. The territory was but small, and, like most other ancient countries, was |