cottagers possess,) that I would advise all the di-the common hive, I know no other method of ex-cheap. As high ways and modes of conveyance visions or clusters to be swept into one hive, and pelling it, than driving the Bees out of the hive, are improved so as to cheapen transportation, the let the monarchy of the Bees be for once elec-and smoking them from their hiding holes. tive and not hereditary.

(To be continued.)

Internal Improvements.

circle is enlarged, until it reaches the utin ost parts of a state, and the wilderness becomes a fruitful field.

To the preceding propositions let us apply the test of experience; and for facts, we will not go to distant regions, or distant times, where it

The question has been much agitated, whether a hive should be rubbed internally with honey or odoriferous herbs, previously to the swarm being put into it. Some persons use bean stalks for the preparation of a hive, which is something A letter, whereof the following is a copy, was might be difficult to verify our statement, but similar to fumigating an apartment with assafeti-addressed on the 2d of February to C. Dorsey, we will confine ourselves to our own country, and da, as being agreeable to the olfactory nerves of hu- Esq. an able and conspicuous member of the Le- to recent dates, where all may be familiar with man beings. It is my decided opinion that there gislature of this State. There is reason to sup- the facts we state. We will examine the proexists not any necessity for the preparation of the pose that it never reached him, and we rejoice gress of population, from 1790 to 1820, a period hive at all. If the Bees take a dislike to the hive, at the opportunity of placing it, through this me- of 30 years, in the whole United States taken it is not the odor of the honey of Hybla which will dium, before him and the publick. We have collectively, and then in a few of the States tainduce them to remain in it; but should the pre-been taught to expect that the subject will be ken separately, to wit, New York, Pennsylvania, judice for the preparation of a hive exist strongly pursued by the same pen, and we congratulate our Maryland, and Virginia. I presume, the proin the mind of any particular individual, I will re-subscribers, that a department of this ournal, gress of population will be admitted to be a just commend a liquid to him, which, singular as it (Internal Improvements) which has been hitherto scale by which to measure the progress of wealth, may appear, will be found more gratifying to the not so well supported as we could have wished to power, and happiness. Bee, and possessing a greater inducement to it to see it, should have now fallen into hands so well take possession of the hive, than all the odors, real able to do it justice, as are our worthy and expeor artificial, which can be administered-and this rienced friends, Lookers On, and Isaac Briggs. liquid is-human urine; if any thing will induce Edit. Am. Farmer. a swarm to remain in a hive, it is a copious sprinkling of this liquid—it is a cure for almost every Sandy Spring, Montgomery County, distemper of the Bees-and HUHLEN, the celebraMaryland, 1mo. 31, 1822.

The following table will exhibit the increase of population, for every period of ten years, from 1790 to 1820, in every 100,000 persons.

In

United States
New York
Pennsylvania
Maryland

From 1790 From 1800 From 1810]
To 1800 To 1810 To

1820

34,976

36,507

32,954

72,306

63,646

43,143

38,716

34,445

29,540

9,371

ted German apiarian was right when he said, on RESPECTED FRIEND, speaking of this liquid, that no person had any Since I had the pleasure of conversing with occasion to apply to an apothecary for a medi-thee at Annapolis, on the subject of Internal Imcine for his Bees. provements, for the promotion of which in this Virginia The swarm being shaken or brushed into the State thou hast laid a proposition before the Lehive, it should be placed on a board and left near gislature, my mind has been turned to consider From the preceding we may deduce another the place of its settling until the evening, when the causes of this prosperity or decline in States. table shewing the rate of increase per annum, it should be carefully moved and placed on the What circumstances operate immediately or re- for every 100 persons, and the number of years pedestal in the apiary, taking care not to place it motely to render them progressive, stationary, or in which, at that rate, any given amount of poputoo near the parent hive. retrograde in wealth, power, and happiness. In lation would be doubled, as follows:

Should any hive appear in this month wholly such an investigation no guide is equal to expedivested of drones, no swarm can be expected rience. By what we know has past, we reason from it; but in this dilemma I would advise the to the future, with a clear and steady light. An adoption of the following plan. Watch at the active imagination may dazzle with its lustre, and entrance of that hive which appears to be the raise splendid theories, but a correct judgment, most populous in drones, and as they return from by sober induction from facts, will lead us to their flight, and are in the act of settling upon the those useful results which promote the happiness stool, catch a number of them, say forty or fifty of man.

and confine them in a box or in any other safe, Agriculture, Commerce, and domestic Manu-
manner until the evening, then, when the Bees factures, in just proportion to each other, consti-
are almost all at rest, introduce the drones into tute true political economy, and form the most
the hive which appears to be without them, and solid prosperity of a nation. In the United
they will be most thankfully and cordially receiv-States, Agriculture is our principal concern; it
ed by their new associates."
is greatly predominant over all our other inter-

The introduction of the drones is effected by ests: Yet commerce and domestic manufactures, simply placing them on the pedestal near to the while a just proportion is preserved, are not onentrance, and being complete sensualists, they ly auxiliary to it, but without them it cannot will immediately take to those quarters, where prosper. Without commerce, agriculture could the gratification of their senses awaits them. not dispose of its surplus productions, and indusShould no swarm appear after the adoption of try would be destitute of a motive sufficiently this plan, it may be fairly concluded that the Queen strong to be effectual-without domestic manufacBee is barren, or that the moth exists in the tures, it would be poor, in debt, and dependent. hive which prevents the Queen from laying her The labor bestowed in forming a manufactured eggs. The chances are ten to one against a hive article enhances its value so greatly beyond that surviving the winter which has not thrown its of the raw material, that there will always exist swarms in the spring; the Bees either die away im-a destructive balance against the agriculturist, perceptibly, or forsake the hive on a sudden; let me unless the manufacturer becomes his customer therefore strenuously advise every keeper of Bees and neighbour, so as to expand his market for to mark those hives which have not swarmed, numberless articles which never would be produand on the first symptom of a relaxation in their la-ced for exportation. The more active and exbour to join them to a strong and healthy hive. tended commerce is, and the more the Farmer Let no shrubs nor flowers grow to that height has the choice of rival markets, the more Agribefore the entrance of the hives as to impede the culture is benefitted. This benefit is most obingress and egress of the bees; the earwig will vious in the vicinity of commercial cities, where take advantage of them, and creep into the hive on account of the short distance, transportation is this is a noxious insect to the Bee, and it is not

centum perling in
crease per rate doub-crease perrate doub-crease per rate doub-

annum.

3 3 3

1632

287

Years.

Jannum.
centum perling in

Years.

Jannum.
centum perling in

Years.

221T

2

24

1432

23年

32

263

101

194

easy to prevent it from making its lodgement could not be possibly attended with any benefit, for good in the hive, and when it is once made in that the female earwig had wings, and FLEW into the hive, and drawing an earwig upon paper, he On mentioning this difficulty to a gentleman, who pointed out the EXACT part, where these said wings The proposition that population depends main

described himself to be a skilful entomologist, he de-were concealed; I have since then dissected a num-ly on the means of subsistence has settled into a clared that every measure which I might adopt to ber of earwigs but no wings could I discover. Per-political axiom. Where those means are abunprevent the earwigs from CRAWLING into a hive haps Mr earwigs were all males. dant and easily acquired, useful industry and in

mences.

AMERICAN FARMER.

ventive genius are excited and supplied with a portions, to industrious occupants; but she is city among the citizens at large, at would l powerful motive-to the necessaries of life are now approaching the limit of that source of in-mately become a source of revenue to the state, added its conveniences and comforts, early mar- crease. riages are encouraged and population, wealth admirably adapted to extensive commerce-this a wise people will not, in pursuit of it, commik She has, at her metropolis, a sea-port, and power advance with rapidity. On the con-advantage has been improved-agriculture has themselves blindly to even the most plansib'e But, however great may be the hope ot bencat, trary, where the means of subsistence are scanty been promoted-domestic manufactures have theories, or pledge their funds to execute the and difficult to be obtained, industry languishes in lent their aid-and inland-navigation and other schemes of any projector, without soberly and despair, genius dies in embryo, indolence, pover- high ways have received some public patronage; patiently examining for themselves, by means of ty and crime succeed, marriages are infrequent, yet notwithstanding all these circumstances, their representatives in the legislature, after and, with its concomitants wealth and power, which have raised her to the first rank among having before them full, clear and detailed estipopulation advances more and more slowly until, her sister states, we see her rate of increase is in mates of expense, and statements of every fict having reached its maximum, its decline com- a course of diminution, and, without some ad-which ought to influence their decision. Those The history of the United States, with the es- must become more and more slow until she ar-in successful progress immense enterprises, have vancement in Internal Improvements, her march states (New York and Virginia) which have now tablishment of a census every ten years, affords rives at her plenum of population. us an instructive picture of the progress and cir-great state is advancing in Internal Improvements in this way; in the first place, making a thorough cumstances of human society in the whole nation with spirit and success-in those vast enterprises and minute examination, by skilful civil engi But that laid their plans and commenced their operations and in each particular state. We may observe which will shed around her a halo of glory, and neers, collecting facts and estimates of expense that, with one single exception*, the ratio of in-be remembered to her praise when the triumph in detail, so as to exhibit the comparative merits crease is a diminishing ratio, as a plenum is ap- of the warrior will be forgotten. She has exten- of different propositions; and then their legislaproached. New York, from 1790 to 1800, ad-ded to agriculture a liberal legislative patronage; tures, having a view of the whole ground, could vanced at the rate of 5 10-17 per centum per an- and is making 415 miles of Canal, which will, by decide safely and wisely. Many plans and ennum, and, from 1810 to 1820, the ratio has dimin-a cheap and easy conveyance, connect the com- terprises, capable in themselves of producing ished to 3 2-3 per centum per annum. tio of Pennsylvania, for the same periods, has de-miles of Lake shores, and of a vast extent of in-ended in disgrace, because they have been comThe ra-merce of the Atlantic Ocean, with that of 2000 much public benefit, have been ruined and have clined from 3 1-3 to 2 3-5-that of Maryland, land country. The effect of these improvements menced without sufficient examinat on-without from 9 tenths of 1 to 17 twentififths of I-and must be to render the country within their influ-sufficiently considering contingencies and soberly that of Virginia, from 1 5-7 to 9 tenths of 1 perence capable of supporting a happy population, counting the cost, on an accurate and full knowcentum per annum. od had remained and should continue uniform, which, without them, it could be made to sus- with their execution-a vague and delusive hope If the rate of the first peri-double, at least, in amount, to the utmost number ledge of the circumstances necessarily connected New York would double her population every tain. Far from envying the glory of New York, excited by a theory, decorated perhaps with the 12 3-4 years, and would have had at the late cen- let us emulate her wisdom and enterprise. To charms of fine language, has often misled the sus 1,739,961 instead of 1,372,812 persons-Penn- Maryland, the admonition of reason is-" Go, judgment, and a spirited beginning has been made, sylvania would double her population every 21 and do thou likewise." 9-50 years, and would have had at the last census 1,159,425 instead of 1,049,398 persons-Ma-territory, to form new settlements, but she has those to whom the execution has been commitII. Maryland, it is true, has no unappropriated of skill and experience in the projector, or in on means quite inadequate to the end, or for want ryland would double her population every 77 3-8 other advantages which may be greatly improv-ted, discouragement has followed and the plan has years, and would have had at the late censused; she has some Atlantic coast-more than failed and been abandoned in despair. The fai418,308, instead of 407,350 persons-and Vir-three fourths of both shores of one of the noblest lure, from those causes, of a plan intrinsically ginina would double her population every bays in the world-and many fine rivers inter-good, is not the only evil. It casts a shade of fear 40 17-22 2 years, and would have had at the late secting her in all directions, and offering to our ac-and distrust over every new proposition, however census 1,245,000 instead of 1,065,366 persons.- ceptance the means of an improved inland navi- reasonable in design, or beneficial in probable The causes that principally operate to promote gation, which, by cheapening transportation, and consequences, and damps the spirit of useful the progress of population, are 1, unappropria-multiplying markets in competition, would add enterprise. cut on easy terms; 2, Agriculture, commerce, productions of the earth, and greatly extend py, among her sisters, a rank lower than that to and the mechanic arts. When a state is settled commerce and domestic manufactures. If, fear-which she may attain by employing those means I hope our state will not be contented to occuto its utmost limits that cause must cease to op-ing innovation, we shut our eyes to the benefits of which are in her power, which wisdom enjoins erate, except in the sub-division of large tracts improvement, and without enquiry, march on in and propriety sanctions. I hope she will join in of land held by wealthy individuals. As agricul- the same beaten path, which has conducted us to the race of emulation. With caution for her ture is improved, and aided by commerce and the present period, we may expect, in about a guide and reason for her counsellor, the course the mechanic arts, land, instead of being ex-century more, to arrive at a population of 500,000 will be a safe one. According to my judgment, hausted and neglected as a barren desert, is in-persons, as our maximum; but if we, pursuing an in order to ensure the benefits and avoid the evils crcased in fertility, produces abundance, and enlightened and liberal policy, avail ourselves of at which I have hinted, I respectfully propose population becomes more dense, independent and the means which reason and the progress of the following happy. science have raised to our view, and placed fairly

ted territory to be settled, which may be parcelled new vigor to agriculture, more than double the

PLAN:

a Board

Let us again contemplate the second table, and in our power, we may awaken dormant energies, 1.Create "A fund for Internal Improvements," to view the rapid strides of the state of New York open new sources of wealth and render old ones consist of productive stocks. Let such part as may towards wealth and power and the slow progress more productive; and Maryland may, without be, from time to time, raised by taxes, be invested of Maryland. In 1790, the former contained but doubt, sustain comfortably, within her present in some productive stock. Let the income only of 340,120 persons, only 20,392, or about 1 seven-fectual improvements in navigation, on the Poto- the surplus income be invested in productive stock. teenth part more than the latter-in 1820 it conboundaries, at least one million inhabitants. Ef-the fund be applied to current expenditures, and let tained more than three times the number of the mac, on the Susquehanna, and on the cross-cut All investments and all expenditures to be specilatter. From 1790 to 1820, the increase of New between the Chesapeake and Delaware, will re-ally authorised and directed by the legislature, York was 1,032,692 persons, and during the quire the concurrence of other states; but the which ought to have the complete control of the same period, that of Maryland was only 87,622, Patuxent, the Patapsco, the Monocasy, and many fund. but little more than 1 twelfth part of the former. other rivers, entirely within our limits, will proThis is a mortifying view for poor Maryland, but bably furnish, almost to their sources, the means fund for Internal Improvements," with " we wish to apply a remedy, it is necessary that of a navigation which will greatly cheapen trans- of Agriculture and Public Works," who are to 2. Place the care and administration of " The we closely inspect the disease. Let us first en-portation, and instead of diminishing will in-execute the laws and resolutions respecting the quire what circumstances have aided New York crease the facilities of mill-power. in her rapid march, and then what remain in the co and the Potomac navigation may probably legislature, the state of the fund and their power of Maryland to apply to her own advan-be connected, and the Patuxent intersected by a ceedings. The Pataps-fund and its uses, and to report annually to the I. New York has had, since 1790, a considera- at Bladensburg. Many other small canals for the would be general-no particular work would be canal from the former river to the Eastern Branch| proble extent of unsettled back lands, which she has accommodation of fertile neighborhoods, would specified as its object. It would be kept under By the above plan the designation of the fund by a wise policy, continued to distribute, in small probably be added by the enterprise of corporate the perpetual control of the legislature. It would *For the United States, the ratio of increase suggested, would be small in comparison with its to move for an investigation of any special obcompanies. The expense of such a plan as is be competent for any member, from time to time, for the 2d period is greater than that for the 1st, benefits, and much less in absolute amount than ject so as to bring before the body a full and disDuring the 3d period Louisiana was obtained. is generally supposed. Besides diffusing prospe- tinct knowledge of that object in all its bearings.

tage.

Washington City,

2 mo. 2, 1822.

ISAAC BRIGGS.

FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER.

But man, more fickle, the bold license claims,
In different realms to give thee different names.
Thee the soft nations round the warm Levant
Palanta call, the French of course Polante ;
E'en in thy native regions, how I blush
To hear the Pennsylvanians call thee Mush!
On Hudson's banks, while men of Belgic spawn
Insult and eat thee by the name suppawn.
All spurious appellations void of truth:
I've better known thee from my earliest youth,
Thy name is Hasty-Pudding! thus our sires
Were wont to greet thee fuming from their fires;
And while they argu'd in thy just defence
With logic clear they thus explained the sense;—
"In haste the boiling cauldron o'er the blaze,

66

Receives and cooks the ready powder'd maize; "In haste 'tis serv'd, and then in equal haste, With cooling milk, we make the sweet repast. "No carving to be done, no knife to grate "The tender ear, and wound the stony plate; "But the smooth spoon, just fitted to the lip, "And taught with art the yielding mass to dip,

fr question would then be--is it, under ail Or on some distant fair your notes employ, Circumstances of the case, expedient that the And speak of raptures that you ne'er enjoy. sed work should be undertaken? If this I sing the sweets I know, the charms I feel, ion should be decided in the affirmative, the, My morning incense, and my evening meal, question would be--how ?-to what extent? The sweets of Hasty-Pudding. Come, dear bowl, The governor of the state, for the time being, Glide o'er my palate, and inspire my soul, might be, ex officio, President of the Board. The milk beside thee, smoking from the kine, I am, sensible that, on a subject worthy of a Its substance mingled, married in with thine, lume, I have given only hints-I have given Shall cool and temper thy superior heat, them under the pressure of many other engage-And save the pains of blowing while I eat. ments such as they are, however, they are com- Oh! could the smooth, the emblematic song pletely at thy service. I have no objection that Flow like thy genial juices o'er my tongue, those gentlemen with whom I have the pleasure Could those mild morsels in my numbers chime, of an acquaintance, or any others, should see, And, as they roll in substance, roll in rhyme, them, and though they be but hints, I have this No more thy awkward unpoetic name consolation, that "A word to the wise is suffi- Should shun the Muse, or prejudice thy fame; cient." Respectfully, thy friend, But rising grateful to the accustom'd ear, All Bards should catch it, and all realms revere!" Assist me first with pious toil to trace Thro' wrecks of time thy lineage and thy race; Declare what lovely squaw, in days of yore, (Ere great Columbus sought thy native shore) First gave thee to the world; her works of fame" By frequent journies to the bowl well stor❜d, I send you a poem on " Hasty Pudding, by Joel Have liv'd indeed, but liv'd without a name. Barlow," which I think merits insertion in the Some tawny Ceres, goddess of her days, Farner, as does every thing connected with the First learn'd with stones to crack the well-dry'd use of that Magnum Dei Donum, Zea Mayz, or maize, Indian Corn. The plates are not without the Thro' the rough sieve to shake the golden show'r, interest, although, I doubt whether you will think In boiling water stir the yellow flour: them necessary for illustrating the text. I had in- The yellow flour, bestrew'd and stir'd with haste, tended to add this poem to a treatise on the cultiva- Swell in the flood and thickens to a paste, tion and uses of Indian corn, of which I have arrang-Then puffs and wallops, rises to the brim, ed the outlines sometime since, but as it is uncer-Drinks the dry knobs that on the surface swim: tain when I shall be able to finish it, I have con- The knobs at last the busy ladle breaks, cluded to send you the poem for the amusement And the whole mass its true consistence takes. of your readers. This subject has not been un- Could but her sacred name, unknown so long, touched. Count Rumford has, more that twenty Rise like her labors, to the song of song, years ago, brought the alimentary properties and To her, to them, I'd consecrate my lays, economical uses of Indian Corn before the Bri-And blow her pudding with the breath of praise. tish public, and gave receipts for several dishes If 'twas Oella, whom I sang before, in use in America-among others, that for “Has-I here ascribe her one great virtue more. ty Pudding," stands conspicuous, and such of Not thro' the rich Peruvian realms alone your patrons as have read his useful works, will The fame of Sol's sweet daughter should be known, recollect the importance he attaches to the pro-But o'er the world's wide climes should live seper manner of eating it, and the precise direc- cure,

tions which he gives on the occasion-vol. 2d, p. Far as his rays extend, as long as they endure.
255. These the reader will see differ from Dear Hasty-Pudding, what unpromis'd joy
those laid down by our poet, and which are illus-Expands my heart, to meet thee in Savoy!
trated by one of the plates in the poem. The Doom'd c'er the world thro' devious paths to
gastronomes will adopt the way most pleasing to roam,
themselves. But no cultivator should permic a Each clime my country, and each house my home,
day to pass without having Indian Corn on his ta- My soul is sooth'd, my cares have found an end,
ble, in some of the forms it is susceptible of being I greet my long lost unforgotten friend.
made to assume. The playful parody in the
second Canto of the beginning of the celebrated
prologue by Pope to the tragedy of Cato, will
aot fail to strike every one.

Ye Alps audacious, thro' the Heavens that rise,
T: cramp the day and hide me from the skies;
Ye Gallic flags, that o'er their heights unfurl'd,
Bear death to kings, and freedom to the world,
I sing not you. A softer theme I chuse,
A virga theme, unconscious of the Muse,
Patratful, rich, well suited to inspire
The purest frenzy of poetic fire.

Despise it not, ye Bards to terror steel'd,
Wao hurl'd your thunders round the epic field;
Nr ye who strain your midnight throats to sing
Jers inat the vineyard and the still-house bring;

For thee thro' Paris, that corrupted town,
How long in vain I wandered up and down,
Where shameless Bacchus, with his drenching

hoard

"Performs the hasty honors of the board."
Such is thy name, significant and clear,
A name, a sound to every Yankee dear,
But most to me, whose heart and palate chaste
Preserve my pure hereditary taste.

There are who strive to stamp with disrepute
The luscious food, because it feeds the brute;
In tropes of high-strain'd wit, while gaudy prigs
Compare thy nursling man to pamper'd pigs;
With sovereign scorn I treat the vulgar jest,
Nor fear to share thy bounties with the beast.
What though the genercus cow gives me to quaff
The milk nutritious; am I then a calf?
Or can the genius of the noisy swine,
Sure the sweet song I fashion to thy praise,
Tho' nurs'd on pudding, thence lay claim to mine?
Runs more melodious than the notes they raise.

My song resounding in its grateful glee,
No merit claims; I praise myself in thee;
My father lov'd thee through his length of days:
For thee his fields were shaded o'er with maize;
From thee what health, what vigour he possest,
Ten sturdy freemen sprung from him attest;
Thy constellation rul❜d my natal morn,
And all my bones were made of Indian corn.
Delicious grain! whatever form it take,
To roast or boil, to smother or to bake,
In every dish 'tis welcome still to me,
But most, my Hasty-Pudding, most in thee.

Let the green Succatash with thee contend,
Let beans and corn their sweetest juices blend,
Let butter drench them in its yellow tide,
And a long slice of bacon grace their side;
Not all the plate, how fam'd soe'er it be,
Can please my palate like a bowl of thee.

Some talk of Hoe-cake, fair Virginia's pride,
Rich Johnny-cake this mouth has often tri'd;
Both please me well, their virtues much the same;
rays,Alike their fabric, as allied their fame,

Cold from his cave usurps the morning board.
London is lost in smoke and steep'd in tea;
No Yankee there can lisp the name of thee ;
The uncouth word, a libel on the town,
Would call a proclamation from the crown.*
For climes oblique, that fear the sun's full
Chill'd in their fogs, exclude the generous maize;
A grain whose rich luxuriant growth requires
Short gentle showers, and bright etherial fires.

But here tho' distant from our native shore,
With mutual glee we meet and laugh once more,
The same! I know thee by that yellow face,
That strong complexion of true Indian race,
Which time can never change, nor soil impair,
Nor Alphine snows, nor Turkey's morbid air;
For endless years, thro' every mild domain,
Where grows the maize, there thou art sure to
reign.

* A certain king, at the time when this was written, was publishing proclamations to prevent American principles from being propagated in his country.

Except in dear New-England, where the last
Receives a dash of pumpkin in the paste,
To give it sweetness and improve the taste.
But place them all before me, smoking hot,
The big round dumpling rolling from the pot;
The pudding of the bag, whose quivering breast,
With suet lin❜d leads on the Yankey feast;
The Charlotte brown, within whose crusty sic
A body soft the pulpy apple hides ;
The yellow bread, whose face like amber glows,
And all of Indian that the bake-pan knows-
You tempt me not-my fav'rite greets my eyes,
To that lov'd bowl my spoon by instinct flies.
CANTO II.

To mix the food by vicious rules of art,
To kill the stomach and to sink the heart,

To make mankind, to social virtue sour,
Cram o'er each dish, and be what they devour;
For this the kitchen Muse first framed her book,
Commanding sweats to stream from every cook;
Children no more their antic gambols tried,
And friends to physic wondered why they died.
Not so the Yankey-his abundant feast,
With simples furnished, and with plainness drest,
A numerous offspring gathers round the board,
And cheers alike the servant and the lord;
Whose well-bought hunger prompts the joyous
taste,

And health attends them from the short repast.
While the full pail rewards the milk-maid's
toil,

The mother sees the morning cauldron boil;
To stir the pudding next demands their care,
To spread the table and the bowls prepare;
To feed the children as their portions cool,
And comb their heads, and send them off to school.
Yet may the simplest dish, some rules impart,
For nature scorns not all the aids of art.
E'en Hasty-Pudding, purest of all food,
May still be bad, indifferent or good,
As sage experience the short process guides,
Or want of skill, or want of care presides.
Whoe'er would form it on the surest plan,
To rear the child and long sustain the man;
To shield the morals while it mends the size,
And all the powers of every food supplies,
Attend the lessons that the Muse shall bring,
Suspend your spoons, and listen while I sing.
But since, O man! thy life and health demand
Not food alone, but labour from thy hand,
First in the field, beneath the sun's strong rays,
Ask of thy mother earth the needful maize ;
She loves the race that court her yielding soil,
And gives her bounties to the sons of toil.

When now the ox, obedient to thy call,
Repays the loan that fill'd the winter stall,
Pursue his traces o'er the furrow'd plain,
And plant in measur'd hills the golden grain.
But when the tender germe begins to shoot,
And the green spire declares the sprouting root,
Then guard your nursling from each greedy foe,
Th' insidious worm, the all-devouring crow.
A little ashes, sprinkled round the spire,
Soon steep'd in rain, will bid the worm retire;
The feather'd robber with his hungry maw
Swift flies the field before the man of straw,
A frightful image, such as school boys bring
When met to burn the Pope or hang the King.
Thrice in the season through each verdant row
Wield the strong plough-share and the faithful

hoe;

The faithful hoe, a double task that takes,

To till the summer corn, and roast the winter cakes.

Slow springs the blade, while check'd by ling rains,

When the chill'd earth lies buried deep in snow,
And raging boreas drives the shivering cow.

His generous hand unloads the cumbrous hill,
And the green spoils her ready basket fill;
Small compensation for the two-fold bliss,
Blest cow! thy praise shall still my notes employ,
The promis'd wedding and the present kiss. Great source of health, the only source of joy;
Slight depredations these; but now the moon How oft thy teats these pious hands have prest!
Calls from his hollow tree the sly raccoon ; How oft thy bounties prove my only feast!
And while by night he bears the prize away, How oft I've fed thee with my fav'rite grain!
The bolder squirrel labours through the day. And roar'd, like thee, to find thy chrildren slain
Both thieves alike but provident of time,
Ye swains who know her various worth to prize,
A virtue, rare, that almost hides their crime. Ah! house her well from Winter's angry skies.
Then let them steal the little stores they can, Potatoes, Pumpkins, should her sadness cheer,
And fill their gran'ries from the toils of man; Corn from your crib, and mashes from your beer:
We've one advantage where they take no part,-When Spring returns she'll well acquit the loan,
With all their wiles they ne'er have found the art And nurse at once your infants and her own.
To boil the Hasty-Pudding; here we shine
Superior far to tenants of the pine;
This envied boon to man shall still belong,
Unshar'd by them in substance or in song.

At last the closing season browns the plain,
And ripe October gathers in the grain ;
Deep loaded carts the spacious corn house fill,
The sack distended marches to the mili;
The lab'ring mill beneath the burthen groans,
And show'rs the future pudding from the stones;
Till the glad house wife greets the powder'd gold,
And the new crop exterminates the old.
CANTO III.

THE days grow short; but tho' the falling sun
To the glad swain proclaims his day's work done,
Night's pleasing shades his various task prolong,
And yeild new subjects to my various song.
For now, the corn house fill'd, the harvest home,
Th' invited neighbours to the Husking come;
A frolic scene, where work, and mirth, and play,
Unite their charms, to chase the hours away.
Where the huge heap lies center'd in the hall,
The lamps suspended from the cheerful wall,
Brown corn fed nymphs and strong hard-handed
beaux,

Alternate rang'd, extend in circling rows,
Assume their seats, the solid mass attack;
The dry husks rustle and the corn cobs crack;
The song, the laugh, alternate notes resound,
And the sweet cider trips in silence round.

The laws of Husking every wight can tell;
And sure no laws he ever keeps so well:
For each red ear a general kiss he gains,
With each smut ear she smuts the luckless swains;
But when to some sweet maid a prize is cast,
Red as her lips, and taper as her waist,
She walks the round, and culls one favored beau
Various the sports, as are the wits and brains
Who leaps the luscious, tribute to bestow.
Of well pleased lasses and contending swains:
Till the vast mound of corn is swept away,
And he that gets the last ear wins the day.

Meanwhile the house-wife urges all her care,
chil-The sifted meal already waits her hand,
The well earn'd feast to hasten and prepare.

Ere yet the sun the seat of Cancer gains;
But when his fiercest fires emblaze the land,
Then start the juices, then the roots expand;
Then, like a column of Corinthian mould,
The stalk struts upward, and the leaves unfold;
The bushy branches all the ridges fill,
Entwine their arms, and kiss from hill to hill.
Here cease to vex them, all your cares are done;
Leave the last labors to the parent sun;
Beneath his genial smiles the well-drest field,
When Autumn calls a plenteous crop shall yield.
Now the strong foliage bears the standards high,
And shoots the tall top-gallants to the sky;
The suckling ear their silky fringes bend,
And pregnant grown, their swelling coats distend;
The loaded stalk while still the burthen grows,
O'erhangs the that runs between the rows;
space
High as a hop-field waves the silent grove,
A safe retreat for little thefts of love,
When the pledg'd roasting ear invite the maid,
To meet her swain beneath the new-form'd shade;

The milk is strain'd, the bowls in order stand,
The fire flames high; and, as a pool (that takes
The headlong stream that o'er the mill dam
breaks)

Foams, roars and rages with incessant toils,
So the vext cauidron rages, roars and boils.
First with clean salt she seasons well the food,
Long o'er the simmering fire she lets it stand:
Then strews the flour and thickens all the
To stir it well demands a stronger hand;
The ladle flies; at last the toil is crown'd;
The husband takes his turn; and round and round
When to the board the thronging huskers pour,
And take their seats as at the corn before.

Milk then with pudding I should always chuse :
To this in future I confine my Muse,
Till she in haste some farther hints unfold,
Well for the young, nor useles to the old.
First in your bowl the milk abundant take,
Then drop with care along the silver lake
Your flakes of pudding; these at first will hide
But when their growing mass no more can sink,
When the soft island looms above the brink,
Then check your hand: you've got the portion's
due,

So taught our sires, and what they taught is true.
There is a choice in spoons. Tho' small appear
The nice distinction, yet to me 'tis clear,
The deep bowl'd Gallic spoon, contriv'd to scoop
In ample draughts the thin diluted soup,
Performs not well in those substantial things,
Whose mass adhesive to the metal clings;
Where the strong labial muscle must embrace,
With ease to enter and discharge the freight,
The gentle curve, and sweep the hollow space,
A bowl less concave but still more dilate,
Becomes the pudding best. The shape, the size,
A secret rests unknown to vulgar eyes.
Experienc'd feeders can alone impart

A rule so much above the lore of art.
These tuneful lips, that thousand lips have tried,
With just precision could the point decide,
Tho' not in song; the muse but poorly shines
In cones and cubes and geometric lines.
Yet the true form, as near as she can tell,
Is that small section of a goose-egg-shell,
Which into equal portions shall divide
The distance from the centre to the side.

Fear not to slaver; 'tis no deadly sin,
Like the free Frenchman, from your joyous chin
Suspend the ready napkin; or, like me,
Poise with one hand your bowl upon your knee;
Just in the zenith your wise head project,
Your full spoon, rising in a line direct,
Bold as a bucket, heeds no drops that fall,
The wide mouth'd bowl will surely catch them all.

JOSEPH DELAPLANE'S NEW PLOUGH.
Montgomery County, 25th Feb. 1822.
JOHN S. SKINNER, Esq.

Sir,-Through the politeness of my valuable friend, Mr. Reese, I am in possession of every No. of the American Farmer, up to 43 of the 3d vol. all of which have been regularly received, conseflood.quently attentively perused. I therefore tender you my thanks simply, but very sincerely, for the great advantage I have received from them; at the same time regret extremely, that it is not in tage or amusement of those, from whom I have my power to contribute something for the advanhad so much-I however, beg leave to give you a description of a plough, which I invented last fall, for the purpose of aiding in the breaking up of my corn and tobacco lands. I had barely time to put it in operation before the frosts set in-the trial, however, was sufficient to ascertain that it will perform the work it is intended to do-my calculations are, to follow the barshare plough with it, in every fur

I leave them to their feast. There still belong
More copious matters to my faithful song.
For rules they are, tho' ne'er unfolded yet,
Nice rules and wise how pudding should be ate.

Some with molasses line the luscious treat,
And mix like Bards, the useful with the sweet.
A wholesome dish, and well deserving praise,
A great resource in those bleak wintry days,

row, the former to cut and turn six, the latter to altered word or figure, and our readers will agree,
cut and pulverize seven inches deep, which will that if Mr. D.'s plough of three coulters will do
give me thirteen inches in depth, of loose mould, its work only as well as his pen has done, friend"
to receive and hold the most abundant rains.-Brigg's object will have been fully answered, and
My substratum plough, as I name it, (the three the public much benefitted.
coulters of which runs in a space of nine inches)
merely pulverises the ground, and leaves it where
it finds it-the above depth of thirteen (or even
fifteen) inches, I can plough on any lands clear of Extract of a letter from the Right Honorab le
stumps, stone, &c. I work three horses in the
barshare and two (strong ones) in the substra-

Editor's Correspondence.

Sir John Sinclair.

"between Baltimore and Boston, we should prefer; we have no objection to fix in the vicinity of Philadelphia, or New York; we have heard the land in Susquehannah county, "highly named by some, and much the reverse by an English writer named Howith; such contrary descriptions are unaccountable. I suppose you would recommend us to come out by "one of the New York Packets, as the quickest sailing and most to be depended upon for time, "as it is doubtful we could leave England on the "1st of April, the question is, should we arrive at Baltimore in time if we waited until the 1st

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66 'It is not Mr. W.'s intention or mine to

we have had a few years experience; and "therefore farms of from 2 to 400 acres will be as large as we should for the present like to purchase."

I have the pleasure to tell you, that the Virtum plough; in the latter both horses walk in the ginian Thorn, is likely to prove a very great acfurrow, one before the other-the plough is sim-quisition to this country, at least if it will stand ple and not expensive in its construction, being the severity of this climate. In one year's time it "of May, as I am told the Packets leave Livercomposed of a beam, nearly the size and length of has grown from the seed you sent me, eighteen" pool on the first of every Month. the beam of the barshare plough, with handles inches high:-and the season being open, it is fixed similar to those on shovel ploughs; and near still, (on the 31st Jan. 1822,) in full verdure. The "farm largely should we fix in America; until the hind end of the beam, are framed two pieces nursery man to whom I entrusted the charge of of timber, one on each side, nearly the size of the it, (Mr. Lawson, Bland Street, Edinburgh,) beam, and about two feet long, each of which re- wishes to purchase seed to the value of ten ceives a coulter directly opposite to each other; pounds sterling, if it can be procured of good" another coulter is inserted in the beam, about four quality, sent in a ship coming to Greenock. I inches behind the two first, so that they may not have received from Mr. Charles E. Rowand, of crowd each other: (several gentlemen who have Charleston, a number of cuttings of the Cheroseen my plough, say they would prefer having kee rose, which came in excellent order and I the centre coulter in front, which would render hope will be a valuable plant. the plough less liable to choke, and I doubt not but it would be better)-each coulter is strong

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BLACK OATS AND TURNIP SEED,
DIRECT FROM SWEDEN.

nutritious than our common oats, bearing a comparison in these respects with our Indian corn. The virtues of the Sweedish turnip have been,

The oats are said to be heavier and far more

A late arrival at this port, from Sweden, brought us, very opportunely, a supply of black oats and ly braced to, and tightly wedged in, their respec- Farmer of the first respectability in England, to The following extract is from the pen of a turnip seed, from our worthy friend, C. HUGHES, JR. ESQ. the accomplished representative of his tive timbers-near the centre of the beam, and directly in front of the coulters, is fixed a com- the Editor; whose object in publishing it is, to country at the Court of Sweden; by whom mon plough wheel, by which we regulate the depth collect for the writer of the letter such informa- we have been made the willing medium for the distribution of this valuable present, to the farthe plough is to run. I inclose you, indeed, a rough tion as will enable him on his arrival, to make They have diagram of my plough, but have no doubt but a suitable selection of land, with the least loss of mers of Maryland and other states your ingenuity will readily perceive the plan on time. The views of the writer himself are suf- both been widely distributed; a small portion of which it is made. I had intended delaying any throughout England as a gentleman of high char- tle Show, on the last two days of May. ficiently explained in his letter. He is known each having been reserved for exhibition to, and experiment by, farmers attending our next Catcommunication on this subject, until I had tested the advantages of my plough, but have now a de-acter, and the owner and breeder of the most We regret exceedingly having mislaid the letsire that some abler farmer than myself will improved stock in the Kingdom. The Editor of I expect to derive from the use of this plough, is/ed with a line from any gentleman who may hap-and the reasons for the estimation in which they make experiments with it-the advantages which the Farmer, will esteem it a favor to be furnish-ter which accompanied these articles, as it contained a much more particular account of them, that of having the ground pulverized deep, to re- pen to see this, and may know of any place for tin moisture and admit the roots of plants, and sale, which they may suppose would be well are held in Sweden, than is contained in the extract which we now publish from a letter of more still to have the soil near the surface. If you think adapted to the objects of his friend in England.recent date. this communication worth a place in your invaFrom such men, coming with such objects, our uable journal, you will oblige me by giving it a country cannot fail to derive lasting advantages. place there, provided you will dress it up in such Edit. Am. Farmer. a garb as to render it fit for the public eye-as to "28th January, 1822. yourself, I am certain you will not ridicule my "The young Bull I now intend for you, is in for three years past, the topic of discussion in blunders, when I inform you that this was written "my opinion a very superior one; he is great in agricultural circles, and its culture during the in the evening after a laborious day's work, at "his points, and of a most beautiful colour. I same period, has been the subject of extensive extrimming of apple trees. I fear you are now begin-"have almost determined to accompany my periment. Two obstacles appear to have diminning to flatter yourself that you will presently" friend and brother, whose intention it is to visit ished its reputation and use. Its liability to decome to the name of some conspicuous farmer of America in the spring; in that case we will struction by fly, and the danger, after much exMontgomery. Not so-I am nothing but an ocertainly avail ourselves of your hospitable and pense and trouble, of having it prove to be of a verseer or manager. I have, however, the good" friendly invitation to visit you; as it would be spurious kind, often producing a mere stalk refortune to be employed by a very indulgent, kind" a high treat to us to be present at your Agri-sembling that of a cabbage, instead of a large, and worthy gentleman, W. Bowie, Esq. of George-cultural Meeting; may I beg of you to write, firm, rich bulbous root. The present donation then town-he is much pleased with my plough, and informing me the time, as you name May, in from Mr. Hughes to the agricultural communiwould readily give you his opinion of it, if reyour letter, and by your paper I observe the ty is of much value, as it puts us in possession of quired of him. I am sir, with much respect and Meeting was held on the 7th and 8th of June, the genuine Sweedish turnip seed, cultivated esteem, your obedient servant, "last year. JOSEPH DELAPLANE. "I fear I cannot, on account of my harvest, instance, with an express view to its being sent and preserved by respectable farmers, at his in"remain longer than a month in America, it to this country. But the most agreeable aspect "will therefore be desirable to make the most of in which, individually, we view occurrences of "our time, and as our visit will be with a view to this sort is, when they remind us that our public "purchase land, I shall be much obliged to you agents abroad have not in these "piping times of "to make enquiry, and point out to us those peace," resigned themselves to indolence or idle parts best worth attention; as breeding supe"rior stock, will be our great object, it will be occupation in their official capacity, it is highly parade.-While apparently they may have little "desirable we should fix upon some situation gratifying to find them thus justifying the confi"where the grass land is of excellent quality dence of their country, by endeavours to improve "and regard should be had to an healthy cliits greatest interests!-Edit. Am. Farmer. "mate, and if possible not too hot; I under

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ished the enquiry of the man of science, for an/" Island, and particularly well adapted for NOTE BY THE EDITOR-In our last we pub-" stand there is fine grazing land in Rhode

Stockholm, 8th December, 1821.

implement adapted to the accomplishment of a" breeding stock; I should not like to go into the To J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Baltimore. particular purpose-here comes a man of prac-"new settlements unless there are great inducetice giving his satisfactory experience, with a clear description of the plough. We have not" to us by the Map, that some situation in a line, ter, by Captain Damrell, of the American brig